Christopher D. Zambakari

The Zambakari Advisory

The Zambakari Advisory is pleased to publish its Summer 2020 Special Issue: “Courting Africa: Asian Powers and the New Scramble for the Continent.” To produce a quality perspective and shine a nuanced light on this “scramble,” we invited prominent scholars to think about Africa’s relationship with one of its biggest trading partners in Asia. We ask...

Former U.S. President Donald Trump and current Commander-in-Chief Joseph Biden were right to withdraw U.S. troops from Afghanistan because it was the right thing to do for America. From Washington to Brussels, governments struggled to make sense of the chaotic events that unfolded in Afghanistan. President Biden insisted the Taliban takeover of Af...

The war in Ukraine has precipitated a tectonic yaw in socio-political world affairs. The gravitational center of the world economy is shifting from the Atlantic to east of the Urals. The conflict threatens the global order as Russia and China grow closer in their aligned efforts to break the United States’ longstanding unipolar dominance of global...

As the unrelenting war in Ukraine grinds slowly and more deeply into the protracted proxy war it has been from the start, another danger lurks in the shadows of military conflict. Russian President Vladimir Putin talks about introducing nuclear weapons; just four days after the invasion of Ukraine, Putin ordered his country’s nuclear forces put on...

While 2020 was a challenging year, 2021 is set to be equally challenging with the emergence of multiple variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), new SARS-CoV-2 variants 501Y.V1 (B.1.1.7) in the UK and 501Y.V2 (B.1.351) in South Africa. The arrival of vaccines and the advancements in therapeutic remedies have sparked...

"We came, we saw, he died," quipped Hillary Clinton in 2011 when Muammar Gaddafi was killed after several months of bombing by the United States and NATO forces. Thus began Libya's descent into a decade-long political nightmare. The catastrophic effects of climate change, civil war, anarchy, and the destruction of Libya's infrastructure due to over...

Sitting in the metaphorical heart of West Africa – a region long plagued by political instability and the constant threat of terrorism – the Republic of the Niger finds itself grappling with yet another military coup. As the dust stirs around the current political upheaval, the key players in this unfolding drama include not just the domestic milit...

For the “Winter 2023 Special Issue: Healthy Aging in Arizona,” we put the subject to the healthcare experts around the theme “Healthy Aging in Arizona: Opportunities for the Senior Healthcare System.” In the first article “Advocacy in Assisted Living Setting: Who’s on Your side?” Stephen Des Georges and I examine the critical importance of senior...

Advocacy. Christopher Zambakari, owner and operator of Desert Haven Home Care in Phoenix, Apollo Assisted Living in Glendale, and Villa Fiore Assisted Living in Prescott Valley, is many things. He is a college graduate with multiple degrees. He is the founder and CEO of The Zambakari Advisory, a cutting-edge agency providing advisory services to bu...

A “silver tsunami” is coming. The seabed of our aging shakes, the waves form and they are now visible from where we stand on the healthcare shoreline. “The first Baby Boomers reached 65 years old in 2011,” says Dr. Luke Rogers, chief of the U.S. Census Bureau’s Population Estimates Program. “Since then, there’s been a rapid increase in the size of...

Dementia is a general term that describes different symptoms of cognitive decline, like forgetfulness, impairment of thinking and memory loss. In the United States, some 3.7 to 5.8 million people are living with dementia. Most require a level of assistance as they attempt to navigate their daily lives, maintain relationships and participate in acti...

For the “Summer 2023 Special Issue: Healthy Aging in Arizona,” we put the subject to the healthcare experts around the theme “Healthy Aging in Arizona: Opportunities for the Senior Healthcare System.” In the first article “Advocacy in Assisted Living Setting: Who’s on Your side?” Stephen Des Georges and I examine the critical importance of senior...

Sudan has been marred by violence and conflict for several decades. The current conflict has resulted in countless deaths and the displacement of millions of people. It has also had a devastating impact on the country’s social and economic fabric, leaving Sudan in a state of turmoil. Christopher Zambakari explores the historical context of the conf...

Sudan is in crisis. Again. Sudan is further tattered, further cleaved and mutilated. The third-largest country in Africa has been marred by political instability and violence for decades. The country has experienced multiple civil wars, military coups and political upheavals. Chaos and states of emergency are almost commonplace, and millions of he...

Sudan is in crisis. Again. Sudan is further tattered, further cleaved and mutilated. The third-largest country in Africa has been marred by political instability and violence for decades. The country has experienced multiple civil wars, military coups and political upheavals. Chaos and states of emergency are almost commonplace and millions of Sud...

The war in Ukraine is the largest military engagement in Europe since World War II. It has been ongoing since 2014, when Ukraine’s pro-Russian president, Viktor Yanukovych, was ousted from power. The conflict has since escalated into a full-blown war, with all the accompanying humanitarian and environmental tragedies. The conflict in Ukraine has i...

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine is nearing its one-year milepost, Ukrainian cities lay in ruin, and more than 14 million of the country’s people have been displaced. The destruction of Ukraine grows daily. Washington and its coalition of the willing struggle to help Ukraine defend itself. Punitive measures meted out to Russia include economic sancti...

The Zambakari Advisory is proud to present The Advisory’s Spring 2023 Issue: The Great Power Competition in Eurasia. At The Zambakari Advisory, we are dedicated to providing insightful analyses and solutions to the complex challenges our world faces. Today, we are thrilled to announce the launch of our highly anticipated Spring Special Issue, focu...

Recently, The Zambakari Advisory sat down with Ambassador Freeman in a wide-ranging Zoom call, posing questions on a series of subjects relating to the war in Ukraine, U.S. relations with China, the state of U.S. diplomacy, and the role of Africa and its emerging countries in a world shifting from unipolarity to multipolarity. Considered one of the...

As Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has entered its sixth month, one of the less talked-about outcomes of the conflict is the growing rapprochement between Russia and China and the implications of the entente that would challenge the hegemony of the U.S.-dominated liberal world order, both militarily and economically. At the center of a growing strug...

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has entered its fifth month. One of the less talked-about outcomes of the conflict is the growing rapprochement between Russia and China and the implications of the entente that would challenge the hegemony of the U.S.-dominated liberal world order, both militarily and economically. At the heart of a growing struggle...

The Zambakari Advisory seeks your unique perspective. As a leading voice in your field, the views you have shaped, the ideas you have, and the frame of reference you can share with an international audience of like-minded luminaries is important. We would be proud to include your thoughts in our Spring 2023 Special Issue, “The Eurasian Landmass and...

Blame it not on forever friends or frenemies. Blame it, instead, on perpetual interests. In recent months, there has been no shortage of news reports, political opinions and military analyses dissecting the military and humanitarian crisis in Ukraine, a country the combined size of Texas and Louisiana, with 43.7 million inhabitants. We think we k...

We think we know what has happened in Ukraine. We have been told by the nation’s press that the military operation is simply Russian aggression. In other words, business as usual. There were several warning signs in February. Russian President Putin recognized the independence of the self-proclaimed republics of Donetsk and Luhansk. Ukrainian Pres...

In recent weeks, there has been no shortage of news reports, political opinions and military analyses in an effort to dissect the growing crisis in Ukraine, a country the size of Texas with 43.7 million inhabitants. Embedded in the coverage has been the media’s portrayal of the military operation as simply a matter of Russian aggression; business,...

Both former President Donald Trump and current U.S. President Joseph Biden were right to command the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan. On August 15, the capital of Afghanistan, Kabul, was left in chaos. The world was shocked as revitalized Taliban soldiers overran Afghan security forces and subsequently captured the presidential palace....

Blame it not on forever friends or frenemies. Blame it, instead, on perpetual interests. In recent months, there has been no shortage of news reports, political opinions and military analyses dissecting the military and humanitarian crisis in Ukraine, a country the combined size of Texas and Louisiana, with 43.7 million inhabitants. We think we k...

Desert Haven Home Care and Apollo Residential Assisted Living provide residents with high-quality supervision and treatment reflective of what we believe should be the three cornerstones of managed care for seniors: meaningful, patient-centered care, service and advocacy. Our staff and professional healthcare practitioners are knowledgeable and res...

Desert Haven Home Care and Apollo Residential Assisted Living provide residents with high-quality supervision and treatment reflective of what we believe should be the three cornerstones of managed care for seniors: meaningful, patient-centered care, service and advocacy. Our staff and professional healthcare practitioners are knowledgeable and res...

Both former President Donald Trump and current U.S. President Joseph Biden were right to command the withdrawal of U.S. troops from Afghanistan. On August 15, the capital of Afghanistan, Kabul, was left in chaos. The world was shocked as revitalized Taliban soldiers overran Afghan security forces and subsequently captured the presidential palace....

The Desert Haven and Apollo communities’ approach with residents suffering from the symptoms of COPD is different for its inclusion of patient advocacy – recognized and practiced as a necessary ingredient in their treatment. Working closely with medical professionals and healthcare agencies, the managed-care staff and supervisory professionals on s...

While 2020 was a challenging year, 2021 is set to be equally challenging with the emergence of multiple variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), new SARS-CoV-2 variants 501Y.V1 (B.1.1.7) in the UK and 501Y.V2 (B.1.351) in South Africa. The arrival of vaccines and the advancements in therapeutic remedies have sparked...

The most common arrhythmia in clinical practice is atrial fibrillation (AF). With advancing age, the prevalence and incidence of atrial fibrillation increases in the human population. The prevalence of atrial fibrillation can be seen in developed countries, particularly in people over 65. In recent years, with the continuing increase in life expect...

According to the latest statistics, 1.5 million Americans are diagnosed with diabetes every year. Currently, A total of 34.2 million adults in America are known to be suffering from diabetes.[1] The increased prevalence of this disease is thought to be highly associated with lifestyle evolution and dietary shifts over time, meaning there are steps...

Dementia is a general term that describes different symptoms of cognitive decline, like forgetfulness, impairment of thinking and memory loss. In the United States, almost 3.7 to 5.8 million people are living with dementia. Most require a level of assistance as they attempt to navigate their daily lives, maintain relationships and participate in ac...

The main thing – the “magic bullet,” if you will – for the maintenance of optimal health as you age is the combination of both physical activity and proper nutrition. Exercise benefits your entire body, including both physical and mental health. Proper nutrition, too, is an important part of your arsenal. Here are some of the major health benefits...

Annually, the number of people diagnosed with dementia increases, making your knowledge or familiarity with the signs and symptoms of the condition an important weapon in dealing with the condition. Early diagnosis can help providers treat symptoms and help slow memory loss. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive, irreversible disorder of the brain...

This article analyses the French imperial project in Africa, with a focus on the Federation of French West Africa (consisting of today’s Benin, Burkina Faso, Côte d’Ivoire, Guinea, Mali, Mauritania, Niger and Senegal). It outlines differences and similarities between the French mode of direct rule and the British mode of indirect rule. To understan...

At Desert Haven Home Care and Apollo Residential Assisted Living, we have felt the impacts of COVID-19 among members of our residential community. We have changed the way we provide professional care and services, taking every precaution against the virus, following state and federal guidelines, and making certain our residents are as protected aga...

In February of this year, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine issued a compelling report that provides a blueprint to improve dementia care and guide future research into the disease. “Meeting the Challenge of Caring for Persons Living with Dementia and Their Care partners and Caregivers: A Way Forward” is a welcome voice i...

The Zambakari Advisory is soliciting short articles of 3000-4000 words for its Fall 2021 Special Issue on the subject, “COVID-19: Living in an era of emerging pandemics.” We are asking scholars, researchers, policymakers, advocates and business leaders to think about the relationship between public health and politics, public health and economy,...

At Desert Haven Home Care and Apollo Residential Assisted Living, we understand the importance of healthy eating during all stages of life. As we strive to make the best quality of life possible for all our residents, we know that a healthy diet is a cornerstone of general wellness. We are delighted to share with you the information below about the...

The Zambakari Advisory is proud to present our Fall 2020 Special Issue: “The Great Disruption: COVID-19 and the Global Health Crisis.” To produce a quality perspective and shine a nuanced light on this health crisis, we invited prominent scholars, medical doctors, epidemiologist and social scientists to share with you the evolving pandemic as it is...

The Zambakari Advisory is proud to present our Fall 2020 Special Issue: “The Great Disruption: COVID-19 and the Global Health Crisis.” To produce a quality perspective and shine a nuanced light on this health crisis, we invited prominent scholars, medical doctors, epidemiologist and social scientists to share with you the evolving pandemic as it is...

Africa has gone through two previous “scrambles”: in the 19th century when the continent was divided among European colonial powers, and then during the Cold War, as the continent found itself once again at the center of the confrontation between the global superpowers of the United States and the Soviet Union. Today, a new scramble is underway, an...

In this essay, I set out to interrogate (1) liberal theories of rights rooted in the French, North American, and Haitian revolutionary experiences of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; (2) the institutional legacy of colonialism in regard to rights; and (3) the crisis of rights in Africa as it relates to the management of pluralistic societie...

In this article I focus on economic development based on the theory of infant industry promotion. Infant industry promotion is a term that refers to a state policy that for a period of time shields domestic industries in order to prepare them for competition with more established firms. Infant industry promotion as a state policy is credited to Ale...

On matters of executive power to launch military operations outside the United States, legislators have often abrogated their constitutional responsibilities. The result has been a steady erosion and usurpation of legislative power, which has granted presidents vast constitutional authority as commanders in chief and chief executives and substantia...

In light of President Trump’s decision to withdraw U.S. troops from Syria’s border with Turkey, The Zambakari Advisory is pleased to publish a series of analyses on the crisis facing the Kurds in the Middle East by Andrew J. Bacevich, Professor Emeritus of International Relations and History at Boston University & President of the Quincy Institute...

Over the past fifty years of independence in Africa and in the Middle East, no event has captured the minds and imaginations of activists, scholars, policymakers, and challenged the conscience of the global community like violence and its related outcomes, including poverty. The 20th century was a period in human history replete with violence on a...

It has been eight years since the Republic of South Sudan became an independent state, following the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) , signed on January 9th, 2005, between the National Congress Party (NCP) and the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement/Army (SPLM/A). To fulfil the mandate of the CPA, a referendum on self-determination was conducted...

It has been said that all politics is local. Nowhere is this more so than with presidential elections in the United States. The 2020 presidential election is (already) in full swing, and a record number of Democrats are running to unseat President Donald Trump. Trump’s opponents — those who are appalled by his policies, rhetoric and polarizing camp...

Call for Papers: Courting Africa: Asian Powers and the New Scramble for the Continent Due date: September 30th, 2019 Submit all manuscripts electronically to Dr. Christopher Zambakari: c.zambakari@zambakari.org Africa has gone through two previous “scrambles”: in the 19th century when the continent was divided up amongst European colonial powers...

The single biggest life-defining event in my life was a civil war: The Sudanese civil war. It consumed the bulk of my childhood and teen years. It killed more than 2.5 million people and displaced millions more around the world. If you take away the first five years of my life and subtract the 12 years that I have been a U.S. citizen, you end up wi...

Our research is about peace agreements with reference to ARCSS and the latter version R-ARCSS, which cast a lot of doubt above implementation of the latter.

In 2011, South Sudan seceded from Sudan following a landmark referendum on self-determination. Yet fewer than three years after the historic vote for independence, the world’s newest country descended into a civil war that, since December 2013, has brought killing and bloodshed. In attempts to resolve the conflict and bring the civil war to an end,...

African countries continue to experience civil wars and other low-level violent conflicts. An issue relating to the intractable nature of postcolonial violence and how it should be resolved, is what is the potential for advancing contemporary peace processes and negotiated agreements through the notion of survivor justice? Two paradigms of justice...

This study sought to investigate the geographic location and frequency distribution of three event types – namely violent events, nonviolent events, and events characterized by riots and protests – and the distribution of political and military events and death rates by region. We provided an assessment of various international interventions in Som...

Imperial powers like the Roman, Persian, Japanese, and Chinese, have always justified their conquests as a benefit to those that were conquered by virtue of bringing a superior civilization to their world. Among imperial powers one of the most strident were the Second and Third French Republics. The civilizing mission or what Girardet Raoul refers...

The protection of civilians (PoC) mandate of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS), was established in 2011, coinciding with the country's independence. Since then, the public discourse on UNMISS has called into question the capacity of the mission to fully meet the expectations created by this mandate in practice. In this chapter we e...

On June 12, 2018, President Donald J. Trump of the United States of America and Chairman Kim Jong Un of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea held a historic summit in Singapore which resulted in two broad opinions. On one side are liberal interventionists including leaders of the Democratic Party and on the other side are Trump supporters, Chi...

Conflicts are a common feature and reality in human relations. In all societies, conflicts exist in an explicitly visible form and many times they lie beneath the soil (deep-seated) waiting for an opportune moment to come to the surface. Deep-seated conflicts may not be readily visible, yet are present at the sub-strata level in society. Conflicts...

The modern world is full of religions. Presently, we live in an increasingly plural society fraught with competing world views and exclusive religions. In this globalized world system, each religion attempts to provide answers to fundamental questions of life. In this paper, I exposit on Christianity and its utility for a fallen humanity. Let me be...

This essay is devoted to a short exposition on fear. It derives its inspiration from biblical stories. The reason is that often time when God commissioned a servant, the question of fear came up. In fact, the greater the mission, the more likely God addressed the problem caused by fear, or at least warned against it. To state a simple fact about hu...

The ideology of the struggle for women in the West has failed to take into account the distinctive socio-historical context of women’s role and their place in African societies. Thus, with this paper, I aim to shed light on the issue by analyzing two dueling perspectives on women in Africa: a Western perspective and an African perspective. Particul...

Since December 2017, over 5.4 million people have fled the war in Syria seeking refuge in neighboring countries such as Lebanon, Turkey, and Jordan. Another 6.3 million people have been forcefully displaced inside Syria (IDPs). News broke out suspecting that President Bashar al-Assad’s regime had used chemical attacks to strike the rebel-held subur...

The protection of civilians (PoC) mandate of the United Nations Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS), was established in 2011, coinciding with the country's independence. Since then, the public discourse on UNMISS has called into question the capacity of the mission to fully meet the expectations created by this mandate in practice. In this chapter we e...

Over last decade Africa has experienced an unprecedented amounts of land being concessioned, leased or sold to business, corporations or foreign sovereign capital. The land question (who can acquire or have access to land) and the political question (who belongs in the political community) are connected to the citizenship question. These questions...

This article provides an analysis and evaluation of the violence in Nigeria and one of its regions, the Niger Delta Region, from 2011 to 2015. The objective is to provide insight into the stability and impact of that violence on the country. The analysis used in this report is based on the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data (ACLED). The conflict...

In this paper, I critically analyse the doctrine of the Responsibility to Protect (RtoP), as it relates to the responsibility of intervening forces towards the people they claim to protect and the challenges that the situation in Libya now poses in the region and for the African Union (AU). I focus most of my attention on the coercive elements of t...

This article provides an analysis and evaluation of the violence in Nigeria by focusing on suicide attacks between 2014 and 2015. The objective is to provide insight into the stability and impact of that violence on the country through analyzing suicide attacks. Data used in this analysis comes from The Chicago Project on Security and Terrorism (CP...

This article analyses South Sudan's political and economic challenges as it seeks to become a member of the East African Community (EAC). The first section presents a brief profile of South Sudan, its development challenges, the land tenure system and legal framework governing access to and disposal of land. The second section presents an expositio...

On January 9, 2005, the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) 1 brought an end to the brutal civil war that engulfed Sudan before its independence in 1956. The CPA established the semi-autonomous Government of Southern Sudan (GOSS), in the southern part of the Republic of Sudan. This was effectively transformed into the Government of t...

This article analyses South Sudan's political and economic challenges as it seeks to become a member of the East African Community (EAC). The first section presents a brief profile of South Sudan, its development challenges, the land tenure system and legal framework governing access to and disposal of land. The second section presents an expositio...

This article discusses the institutional legacy of colonialism and how that has affected citizenship in Sudan and South Sudan. It argues that the colonial project made a legal distinction, especially in how citizenship was defined. It outlines problems facing Sudan and South Sudan and the challenges in managing a diverse population. It argues that...

This paper contributes to the on-going debate about nation and state building projects in Africa by focusing on the case of South Sudan. I discuss South Sudan's political challenges by analyzing the factors that fuel the problem of violence. This study situates the problem within the socio-historical context of state formation. In the first section...

Africa has no alternative but to invest in building the infrastructure of knowledge-based production. This means good governance, better school systems, excellent universities and a deliberate effort to bolster research and development across private and public sectors. There was much to be celebrated when the African Union (AU) convened to commem...

Over the past 50 years of independence in Africa, no event has captured the minds and imaginations of activists, scholars and policy makers and has challenged the conscience of the global community like political violence. South Sudan has just completed a referendum on self-determination. The Republic of South Sudan was inaugurated on 9 July 2011....

This paper analyses the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) signed between the Government of the Republic of the Sudan and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement/Army, as a political alternative where decisive victory is untenable and situates this agreement in the larger context of North and South Sudan politics. The essay examines the CPA and arg...

One nation becoming two—looking into an arduous process ridden with violence, and sketching out the struggles with the legacies of an already troubled history, are the motivations for this publication on the Republic of Sudan and the Republic of South Sudan. The governments and societies of the two countries are facing challenges of internal disuni...

This article reviews the mandated Affirmative Action embedded in the current Transitional Constitution of the Republic of South Sudan and discusses whether South Sudan has lived up to its constitutional requirement and the fulfillment of its Affirmative Action provision towards women. This article further argues that the new Republic in the South c...

The newly independent nation is beset by a host of problems of underdevelopment arising from slavery, wars and fragmentation of society. The serious hardships facing young people, who are the majority of the population, should be seen in this context and addressed urgently On July 9, 2013, the Republic of South Sudan will celebrate its second anni...

The paper argues that the post-colonial crisis of citizenship demands a rethinking of the paradigm of viewing colonialism simply as a system of economic exploitation to viewing colonialism as a political project that is anchored in law. The paper provides a historical and post-referendum analysis of the political division between North and South Su...

On July 09, 2012, the Republic of South Sudan celebrated its first year anniversary. The previous year, on November 11, 2011, it submitted an application to formally join the East African Community (EAC), a regional organization consisting of Burundi, Kenya, Rwanda, Uganda, and Tanzania. South Sudan, a landlocked country in East Africa, emerged fro...

The article reviews the literature on economic development, critiques neoliberal economic theories, and advances the theory of infant industry promotion as an alternative model for development in Africa. The essay argues that for developing countries to catch up to developed countries requires contextualizing development theory, applying selective...

The 20th century was one of the bloodiest periods in recent history. As the world moved on into the 21st century, violence continues to preoccupy the best of minds alongside its twin, an increasing poverty on a global scale. Violence and poverty have come to define how the world relates to Africa. There is a reason for the focus on violence when on...