Christopher B Nelson

Sanofi Pasteur, Swiftwater, Pa USA

Background: This study describes leading causes of hospitalization, including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), in United States infants (<1 year) from 2009 through 2019. Methods: Within the National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS) data, hospitalizations were determined by primary diagnosis using International Classification of Diseases, Ni...

Introduction: New extended half-life antibodies for the single-dose prevention of medically attended (MA) respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) have been developed for administration to all infants before or during their first RSV season. For infants born during the season, administration as soon as feasible af...

A conference on «ARBOVIRUSES, A GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH THREAT» was organized on June 20–22, 2018 at the Merieux Foundation Conference Center in Veyrier du Lac, France, to review and raise awareness to the global public health threat of epidemic arboviruses, and to advance the discussion on the control and prevention of arboviral diseases. The present...

Introduction Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalization among US infants. Characterizing service utilization during infant RSV hospitalizations may provide important information for prioritizing resources and interventions. Objective The objective of this study was to describe the procedures and services received by...

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a substantial cause of infant morbidity and mortality due to seasonal peaks of bronchiolitis across the United States. Clinical and viral surveillance plays a pivotal role in helping hospital systems prepare for expected surges in RSV bronchiolitis. Existing surveillance efforts have shown a geographi...

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among US infants. A child’s calendar birth month determines their age at first exposure(s) to RSV. We estimated birth month-specific risk of medically attended (MA) RSV lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) among infants during their first RSV season and fir...

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis (Br) is the leading cause of US infant hospitalizations and lower respiratory tract infections [1]. The historical seasonality of RSV in the US across all ages using passive laboratory surveillance has been described by the CDC (2014-17) [2] [3] and more recently by Staadegaard et al [4]. T...

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of US infant hospitalization [1]. The objective of this work is to describe the rate of US infant RSV hospitalization (RSVH) and related charges by race/ethnicity and type of insurance payer. Methods Using the US national Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) National Inpat...

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis is the leading cause of hospitalizations among infants in the United States. Unpredictability in RSV seasonality has occurred following the onset of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Local surveillance networks can enhance the ability to appropriately time prophylaxis when e...

Background and Aims Policymakers need data about the burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) among infants. This study estimates quality of life (QoL) for otherwise healthy term US infants with RSV‐LRTI and their caregivers, previously limited to premature and hospitalized infants, and corrects for sele...

Background Healthcare utilization during acute medically attended (MA) RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) episodes remains poorly characterized, particularly among term infants without comorbidities. Describing the care incurred during these episodes may provide important information regarding the impact of MA RSV LRTI. Objecti...

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended ‘pre-vaccination screening’ as its preferred implementation strategy when using the licensed dengue vaccine (CYD-TDV; Dengvaxia, Sanofi), so that only individuals with previous dengue infection are vaccinated. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended use of CYD-TD...

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of infant hospitalization in the United States. Preterm infants and those with select comorbidities are at highest risk of RSV-related complications. However, morbidity due to RSV infection is not confined to high-risk infants. We estimated the burden of medically attended (MA) RSV-a...

Background: Surveillance in 2020-2021 showed that seasonal respiratory illnesses were below levels seen during prior seasons, with the exception of interseasonal respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Methods: Electronic health record data of infants aged <1 year visiting the Duke University Health System from 4 October 2015 to 28 March 2020 (pre-CO...

Background: Limited data are available on the economic costs of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections among infants and young children in the United States. Methods: We performed a systematic literature review of 10 key databases to identify studies published between 1 January 2014 and 2 August 2021 that reported RSV-related costs in US c...

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hospitalizations in United States infants aged <1 year, but research has focused on select populations. Methods: National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample and National Emergency Department (ED) Sample data (2011-2019) were used to report RSV hospitalization (RSVH), bronchiolitis...

Background: Infant mortality due to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in the United States is not well understood. Methods: From 1999 to 2018, RSV, bronchiolitis, and influenza deaths were described for infants <1 year using linked birth/death datasets from the National Vital Statistics System. Mortality was described overall and by infant birth...

Background: The burden and health care utilization (HCU) of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in US infants aged <1 year across health care settings are not well characterized. Methods: We systematically reviewed studies of RSV and bronchiolitis published 2000-2021 (data years, 1979-2020). Outcomes included RSV hospitalization (RSVH)/bronchiolit...

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause serious illness in those aged <5 years in the United States, but uncertainty remains around which populations receive RSV testing. We conducted a systematic literature review of RSV testing patterns in studies published from 2000 to 2021. Methods: Studies of RSV, medically attended RSV lowe...

Background: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a leading cause of lower respiratory tract infection in US children, reduces quality of life (QOL) of children, their caregivers, and families. Methods: We conducted a systematic literature review in PubMed, EconLit, and other databases in the United States of articles published since 2000, derived...

Background: A systematic literature review was conducted to summarize the mortality (overall and by disease severity factors) of US infants and children aged <5 years with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) or all-cause bronchiolitis (ACB). Methods: Comprehensive, systematic literature searches were conducted; articles were screened using prespec...

The target populations and financing mechanisms for a new health technology may affect health inequalities in access and impact. We projected the distributional consequences of introducing nirsevimab for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus in a US birth cohort of infants through alternative reimbursement pathway scenarios. Using the RSV immun...

Background The burden of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated acute respiratory illnesses among healthy infants (<1 year) in the inpatient setting is well established. The focus on RSV-associated illnesses in the outpatient (OP) and emergency department (ED) settings are however understudied. We sought to determine the spectrum of RSV illne...

Objective: To understand physician preferences for various attributes of pediatric combination vaccines. Methods: An online survey was completed by 400 US physicians (pediatricians and family physicians) who routinely administer vaccines to infants aged 1-12 months in outpatient settings. Respondents completed a discrete choice experiment (DCE)...

Background RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is the leading cause of infant hospitalization. Most studies of RSV have focused on infants with underlying comorbidities, including prematurity. The purpose of this analysis is to describe the burden of RSV LRTI across all medical settings and in all infants experiencing their firs...

Background Seasonal influenza vaccine (SIV) uptake in the US remains suboptimal, requiring new and innovative strategies. Objective To evaluate the impact of a behavioral Peer Comparison (PC) intervention on SIV uptake in community pharmacies across the US. Methods A cluster randomized study was conducted across a national network of Walmart comm...

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a human orthopneumovirus spread by direct contact with symptomatic, infected individuals. An estimated 587,000 RSV LRTIs result in inpatient or outpatient encounters annually among US infants (Rainisch et al 2019). The health care costs associated with RSV include medical costs to insurers, government...

Background Acute respiratory infections (ARI) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in young children, with viral pathogens being the most common etiologies. However, due to limited and inconsistent clinical diagnostic viral testing in the outpatient (OP) setting compared to the inpatient (IP) setting, the actual burden and distribution of v...

Background Viral acute respiratory infections (ARI) continues to be a significant cause of healthcare visits in young children. We evaluated the clinical presentation and disease severity of common respiratory viruses associated with medically attended ARI in infants. Methods We conducted a prospective viral surveillance study in Davidson County,...

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a common cause of illness and hospitalization for infants and children globally. The objective of this study was to characterize the burden of RSV and all-cause bronchiolitis (ACB) inpatient hospitalizations and emergency room department (ED) visits in U.S. infants aged < 1 year with the most recent y...

Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) accounts for the majority of lower respiratory tract illnesses in hospitalized infants. In the U.S., RSV hospitalizations are well characterized; yet, emergency department (ED) and outpatient (OP) visits are underrecognized. We evaluated the burden of RSV across three distinct healthcare settings during...

There is an enhanced focus on considering the full public health value (FPHV) of vaccination when setting priorities, making regulatory decisions and establishing implementation policy for public health activities. Historically, a therapeutic paradigm has been applied to the evaluation of prophylactic vaccines and focuses on an individual benefit-r...

There is an active discussion in the public health community on how to assess and incorporate, in addition to safety and measures of protective efficacy, the full public health value of preventive vaccines into the evidence-based decision-making process of vaccine licensure and recommendations for public health use. The conference “Beyond efficacy:...

Cholera is an endemic and epidemic disease in Bangladesh. On 3 March 2013, a meeting on cholera and cholera vaccination in Bangladesh was convened by the Foundation Mérieux jointly with the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B). The purpose of the meeting was to discuss the investment case for cholera vaccinati...

Salmonella typhi, the bacterium that causes typhoid fever, was one of the first bacterium cultured and isolated. This scourge still affects many children and adults mainly in the poor communities in the developing countries. Discovery of antimicrobials was thought to be the magic bullet for many bacterial diseases including typhoid fever around the...

Epidemic meningitis: Surveillance and response activities during the 2002-2003 season in the countries of the African meningitis belt. Report on an informal consultation Geneva, 24-25 July 2003. (WHO/CDS/CSR/GAR/2003.13)

Meningococcal meningitis is a major cause of disease worldwide, with frequent epidemics particularly affecting an area of sub-Saharan Africa known as the "meningitis belt". Neisseria meningitidis group A (MenA) is responsible for major epidemics in Africa. Recently W-135 has emerged as an important pathogen. Currently, the strategy for control of s...

Phase III studies of an oral, live, pentavalent, human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine (RotaTeq; Merck) in developed countries have demonstrated that it is well tolerated with regard to intussusception and other adverse events and is efficacious in preventing rotavirus gastroenteritis and associated healthcare encounters. However, it cannot be...

A phase II open and parallel reactogenicity, immunogenicity and safety trivalent meningitis vaccine (Mencevax) trial was conducted on 413 volunteer 2-29-year-old rural residents in Ethiopia in November/December 2005. Adverse events (AE) were monitored at 1h, 1, 2, 3, 7 and 28 days after vaccination. No serious AE occurred except for burn injury (on...

During a mass campaign with a newly licensed meningococcal polysaccharide ACW135 vaccine in Burkina Faso, adverse events following immunization (AEFI) were monitored up to 4 weeks after the campaign. Eighty-six AEFI cases (5.9 cases per 100,000 vaccine doses distributed) were reported. Among 22 serious events, 4 severe local reactions were consider...

The immunogenicity and safety of a meningococcal trivalent A/C/W135 polysaccharide vaccine was compared with that of a tetravalent A/C/Y/W135 polysaccharide vaccine in a randomised, double blind trial. The study included 360 adults, who received either a trivalent or tetravalent polysaccharide meningococcal vaccine. Antibody responses were determin...

Following a large Neisseria meningitidis W135 (NmW135) epidemic in Burkina Faso (BF) during 2002, a newly licensed trivalent A/C/W135 meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine was introduced in 2003. We conducted a case-control study to assess the vaccine effectiveness (VE) against meningococcal disease. Thirty-two N. meningitidis A (NmA) and 3 NmW135 m...

With the emergence of epidemic Neisseria meningitidis W135 meningitis in Burkina Faso during early 2002, the public health community was faced with the challenge of providing access to an appropriate and affordable vaccine in time for the upcoming 2003 epidemic season. Recognizing the implications of the emergent threat, the World Health Organizati...

Malawi has extreme poverty and a high-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence. Following Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine introduction during 2002, we evaluated vaccine impact by reviewing hospital surveillance data for acute bacterial meningitis in Blantyre district among children age 1-59 months admitted during 1997-200...

Hepatitis B virus infection is a serious problem globally, and particularly in the Western Pacific Region where the population suffers disproportionately from the infection and its sequelae. By 2001, every immunization programme in the Region had included hepatitis B vaccine in their schedule. However, many challenges remain if every one of the 26...

Vaccine introduction guidelines. Adding a vaccine to a national immunization programme: decision and implementation. (WHO/V&B/05.18)

Causative agent. Meningococcal meningitis is a severe acute infection of the meninges caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Neisseria meningitidis.

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) still causes a substantial number of deaths among children in developing countries, despite the availability of effective conjugate vaccines. A major obstacle in developing a Hib vaccine has been limited awareness about the impact of Hib disease. A tool was developed to estimate the national rates of Hib meningit...

WER. Review panel on Haemophilus influenzae type b (‎Hib)‎ disease burden in Bangladesh, lndonesia and other Asian countries, Bangkok, 28-29 January 2004. WEEKLY EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RECORD, NO. 18, 30 APRIL 2004

Prevention and control of epidemic meningococcal disease in Africa. Report of a WHO technical consultation meeting. Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 23-24 September 2002. (WHO/CDS/CSR/GAR/2003.10)

Emergence of W135 Meningococcal Disease. Report of a WHO Consultation, Geneva, 17-18 September 2001. (WHO/CDS/CSR/GAR/2002/1/EN)

International Coordinating Group (ICG) on vaccine provision for epidemic meningitis control. Report of the seventh meeting. Geneva, Switzerland, 18-19 September 2001. (WHO/CDS/CSR/GAR/2002/2/EN)

Estimating the local burden of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease preventable by vaccination: a rapid assessment tool. (WHO/V&B/01.27)

Estimating the potential cost-effectiveness of using Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine. Field test version 1 (WHO/V&B/01.36)

Introduction of hepatitis B vaccine into childhood immunization services: Management guidelines, including information for health workers and parents. (WHO/V&B/01.31)

Introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine into immunization programmes: Management guidelines, including information for health workers and parents (WHO/V&B/00.05)

The factor structure of DSM-IV substance disorder criteria is examined among alcohol, cannabis, cocaine and opiate users to determine the dimensionality of abuse and dependence criteria within each of these drug classes and whether a common construct can be generalized across drug classes. 12-month criterion prevalence was assessed as part of the W...

The development and psychometric testing of the new World Health Organization (WHO) disablement screening instrument for the general population is described. Two samples were used for the empirical tests: the cross-cultural sample of the WHO Disablement Assessment Schedule (WHO-DAS II) field tests in 19 countries (N = 1323), and an Ontario (Canada)...

Developmental Psychopathology: Epidemiology, Diagnostics and Treatment. Edited by C. A. Essau and F. Peterman. (Pp. 478; £20.00.) Harwood Academic Publishers: Amsterdam. 1998. - - Volume 29 Issue 3 - CHRISTOPHER B. NELSON

Despite the growing body of work on the extent to which PTSD is associated with specific traumas, limited epidemiological data are available on the total population prevalence of PTSD, the kinds of traumatic events most likely to cause PTSD, and the epidemiological risk factors for PTSD. In this chapter, we present data on these issues from the Nat...

Unlabelled: AIMS/DESIGNS: As part of the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology (EDSP) study, results from the baseline cross-sectional assessment of DSM-IV alcohol disorders are presented for a sample of 14-24-year-olds residents in Munich, Germany (N = 3021; 71% response rate). Findings: Life-time prevalence of DSM-IV alcohol abuse (men...

Aims/Design. As part of the Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology (EDSP) study, results from the baseline cross-sectional assessment of DSM-IV alcohol disorders are presented for a sample of 14-24-yearolds resident in Munich, Germany ( N = 3021; 71% response rate). Findings. Life-time prevalence of DSM-IV alcohol abuse (men: 15.1%; women: 4...

General population data are presented on patterns and predictors of temporal progression of alcohol dependence symptoms in the general population. The data come from the National Comorbidity Survey, a nationally representative general population survey of respondents ages 15-54. Lifetime symptom classes were estimated with latent class analysis (LC...

Analyses of trends in the field of psychoactive substance use have shown a general increase in the frequency and severity of problems in most countries. The modern drug epidemics which started in the 1960s in industrialized countries have now spread worldwide with an enormous increase in the use of cocaine, designer drugs, other stimulants, cannabi...

The primary and secondary objectives of the Early Developmental Stages of Substance Abuse Study (EDSP) are described along with a detailed description of the overall design, special design features and instruments used. The EDSP is a 5-year prospective study with three waves of assessments. Special design features are the linkages with family genet...

Ths paper describes the distribution of dependence criteria and diagnoses in a sample of 14- to 24-year-olds from Munich, Germany (n = 3,021; 71% response rate), evaluates differences between nondependent and dependent smokers and examines associations of smoking with other substances, affective and anxiety disorders. Assessment was made using the...

As part of a longitudinal study, prevalence findings of DSM-IV disorders are presented for a random sample of 3021 respondents aged 14 to 24, with response rate 71%. Assessment included various subtypes of disorders, subthreshold conditions and disorders that have only rarely been studied in other epidemiological surveys. The computer-assisted Muni...

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1995. Includes bibliographical references. Photocopy. s

To study patterns of co-occurrence of lifetime DSM-III-R alcohol disorders in a household sample. Data came from the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS), a nationally representative household survey. Diagnoses were based on a modified version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Respondents with lifetime NCS/DSM-III-R alcohol abuse or...

Alcohol use frequently begins in adolescence. However, only few studies have reported the prevalence of alcohol use disorders in adolescents. This paper reports results from a representative study in a sample of 3021 adolescents, aged 14-24 years. The Prevalence of alcohol abuse and dependence according to DSM-IV criteria, as well as the prevalence...

The article presents estimates of lifetime prevalence of use of illicit substances and related disorders (abuse and dependence) obtained in 1995 from a general population survey of 3021 adolescents and young adults living