Christopher J. Hopwood

• Professor (Full) at University of Zurich

Many people worldwide want to be less neurotic. As lower levels of neuroticism predict a range of positive life outcomes, including health, work success, and relationship quality, interventions that help people to become less neurotic could have wide ranging impacts. This study protocol describes the rationale and design of the CHILL Study (Changin...

Objetivo: A pesar de los beneficios comprobados de la vacunación, las personas difieren en su disposición a vacunarse. Estas diferencias son el resultado de múltiples factores, incluyendo variables sociales, culturales y psicológicas. Este metaanálisis estimó los efectos de los Cinco Grandes rasgos de personalidad de las personas en sus actitudes,...

Personality development theories and descriptive evidence highlight young adulthood as a period conducive to personality change. Young adults experience important transitions, such as starting university education, and establish new relationships. However, few empirical tests of the direct influence of university student peer groups on individual c...

Volitional personality change interventions have been shown to help people change their current personality towards their ideal personality. Here, we address three limitations of this literature. First, we contrast the dominant theoretical perspective of self-improvement with self-acceptance as pathways to reduce the discrepancy between current and...

People generally go on vacation to improve their life satisfaction. However, the association between life satisfaction and leisure travel is poorly understood, partly because of methodological limitations in previous research. In the present study, we examined the longitudinal association between life satisfaction and leisure travel using data from...

There is evidence that many people want to be less neurotic, that neuroticism can be changed through intervention, and that these changes can have important consequences for individuals’ lives. The potential utility of neuroticism interventions hinges on a thorough theoretical understanding of effective change mechanisms, though. To guide the devel...

There is evidence that people with higher self-esteem tend to have more satisfying sexual relationships, but little is known about how changes in people’s self-esteem and sexual experiences are related over time. Several theories predict reciprocal effects between self-esteem and sexual experiences. The present study tested these theories using 12-...

Empirical associations between personality traits and personality disorders are similar to associations between personality traits and other common disorders, and personality disorders are not substantially more stable than other kinds of disorders but they are somewhat less stable than traits. As such, personality disorders cannot offer a means fo...

Personality and psychopathology have generally been regarded as distinct aspects of human behavior, largely studied by researchers from different disciplines. However, an established body of research shows a common structure for personality and psychopathology phenotypes. This evidence has led to significant changes in how psychiatric problems are...

Objective: Despite the proven benefits of vaccination, people differ in their willingness to get vaccinated. These differences are the result of multiple factors, including social, cultural, and psychological variables. This meta-analysis estimated the effects of people’s Big Five personality traits on their vaccination attitudes, intentions, and b...

The present study examined (1) the extent to which the documented factor structure of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5; Krueger et al., 2013) generalizes to a large Persian community sample and (2) relations between the resulting PID-5 factors and two temperament measures. Data came from 946 adults (65% female) from western Iran. We used...

Based on evidence from cross-sectional studies, there is an ongoing debate whether personality traits and personality functioning are redundant (e.g., because these constructs are strongly correlated). However, some questions regarding their overlap can only be addressed using longitudinal data. In this Registered Report, we examined the (co)develo...

Parenting style refers to the emotional climate in which parents nurture and guide their child’s social development. Despite the prominence of parenting style research, many studies still create their own psychometrically untested measures of parenting styles, use measures that do not capture the uninvolved parenting style, or use median splits to...

Previous research has shown that maladaptive personality traits in the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders (AMPD) are associated with potential for violence. AMPD traits can be measured at varying levels of specificity, ranging from broad personality domains to more specific trait facets. The level of abstraction at which traits might...

Vegetarian and vegan (Veg*n) diets are increasingly popular in Western societies and an increasingly common topic of psychological research. Animal-free diets hold considerable potential for helping curb the climate crisis and improving interspecies justice. This special issue presents recent contributions from research on the psychology of meat ea...

Personality traits can change throughout the entire life span, but people differ in their personality trait changes. To better understand individual differences in personality changes, we examined personal (personality functioning), environmental (environmental changes), and event-related moderators (e.g., perceived event characteristics) of person...

Age and gender differences in narcissism have been studied often. However, considering the rich history of narcissism research accompanied by its diverging conceptualizations, little is known about age and gender differences across various narcissism measures. The present study investigated age and gender differences and their interactions across e...

The Interpersonal Sensitivities Circumplex (ISC) assesses individual differences in sensitivities to aversive interpersonal behaviors. In this research (total N = 1,519), we developed and validated a German adaptation of the ISC (ISC-G) and extended the nomological net of interpersonal sensitivity as a construct. Using the structural summary method...

Comments on the original article by Miskewicz et al. (see record 2021-98114-001) regarding personality traits and processes. Rather than commenting on the specific results in this study, the author would like to concentrate on the dialectical nature of the findings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Anxiety and depression are pervasive and pernicious mental health problems for young adults. Developmental trajectories of adolescent temperament (Effortful Control, Negative Emotionality, Positive Emotionality) may help us predict who will experience anxiety/depression during young adulthood. The present study uses longitudinal data from a large,...

Recent studies have reported an association between vegetarian diet and depression, although results have been inconsistent. This effect has most often been attributed to nutritional deficits among vegetarians. An alternative possibility is that individuals who are trying to reduce their meat intake experience cognitive dissonance related to enjoyi...

In their target article, Watson and Clark made a number of useful suggestions for improving Criterion B of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, alternative model of personality disorders, all of which assume that personality variation will be represented in the next iteration of the Diagnostic and Statistical Ma...

Past research syntheses provided evidence that personality traits are both stable and changeable throughout the lifespan. However, early meta-analytic estimates were constrained by a relatively small universe of longitudinal studies, many of which tracked personality traits in small samples over moderate time periods using measures that were only l...

Personality disorders are among the most common and severe classes of psychopathology. From a clinical perspective, it is challenging to help individuals with personality disorders because treatment ruptures, discontinuation, reversals, and failures are relatively common. An additional clinical challenge is that the model used to diagnose personali...

Objective: In this study we aimed to examine how moment-to-moment interpersonal behaviors of warmth and dominance in patients and therapists, as well as interpersonal complementarity, are related to withdrawal and confrontation ruptures as sessions unfold. Methods: Sixteen psychotherapy sessions from eight independent therapeutic dyads were sampled...

Across adulthood, people tend to experience psychologically adaptive personality trait change, a robust finding known as the maturity principle of personality development. We identify three open areas of inquiry regarding personality maturation and address them in a pre-registered study, using a sample of US adults ages 30-70 who completed a batter...

Assessing parent-child interactions is critical for understanding family dynamics, however tools available for capturing these dynamics are limited. The current study sought to examine the validity of the Continuous Assessment of Interpersonal Dynamics (CAID) for understanding the dynamics of parent-adolescent substance use discussions. Specificall...

Across adulthood, people tend to experience psychologically adaptive personality trait change, a robust finding known as the maturity principle of personality development. We identify three open areas of inquiry regarding personality maturation and address them in a preregistered study, using a sample of U.S. adults ages 30-70 who completed a batte...

The introduction of the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders (AMPD) in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Model of Mental Disorders (DSM-5, APA, 2013) represented a substantive change in how personality disorders (PDs) are diagnosed. One barrier to its adoption (among several) in clinical practice, however, is a lack of infor...

The DSM-5 Section III alternative model for personality disorders (AMPD) is a personality disorder (PD) nosology based on severity of personality dysfunction and pathological traits. We examined the degree to which the personality constructs identified by McAdams and Pals (2006; dispositional traits, characteristic adaptations, narrative identity)...

The Inkblots: Hermann Rorschach, His Iconic Test, and the Power of Seeing, by Damion Searls, New York, NY, Crown, 2017, 405 pp., $28 (hardback), ISBN-13: 978-0804136549

Despite its demonstrated empirical superiority over the DSM-5 Section 2 categorical model of personality disorders for organizing the features of personality pathology, limitations remain with regard to the translation of the DSM-5 Section 3 alternative model of personality disorders (AMPD) to clinical practice. The goal of this paper is to outline...

Book, Software, & Test Review

The Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI; Morey, 1991) and Rorschach Inkblot Method (RIM; Rorschach, 1921) are two of the most commonly used and well-validated instruments used in forensic settings (see Gacono & Evans, 2008, Morey & Meyer, 2013). Both instruments have been found to meet standards necessary for use in court (PAI: Mullen & Edens, 20...

Recent advances in personality research coupled with a broad acknowledgment of the limitations of the representation of personality pathology in the third and fourth editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III and DSM-IV) have positioned personality science to influence the shape of personality assessment in the f...