Christophe Jaffrelot

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Sciences Po Paris

Populism is on the rise, and so are academic studies on populism. The study of populism has long focused on the way its spokespersons have behaved as an oppositional force, in Western countries in particular. While discourses and practices of those populists exercising a protest function still merit attention, this volume trains the focus on populi...

Force de contestation jusqu'aux années 1990, le populisme est aujourd'hui aux commandes de plusieurs États, en Europe, dans les Amériques, en Asie, au Moyen-Orient. Ce phénomène majeur, qui hante le paysage politique contemporain et se globalise, pénètre aussi bien les démocraties établies et récentes que les régimes plus fermés. Qu'il soit considé...

Longtemps, l'étude du populisme s'est concentrée sur la façon dont ses hérauts se comportaient dans l'opposition, à l'occasion, notamment de campagnes électorales aux cours desquelles ils cherchaient à peser sur la stratégies des partis traditionnels. Le populisme, tantôt considéré comme une idéologie "molle", tantôt comme un style politique, tantô...

Force de contestation jusqu'aux années 1990, le populisme est aujourd'hui aux commandes de plusieurs États, en Europe, dans les Amériques, en Asie, au Moyen-Orient. Ce phénomène majeur, qui hante le paysage politique contemporain et se globalise, pénètre aussi bien les démocraties établies et récentes que les régimes plus fermés.Qu’il soit considér...

Les élections générales qui se sont tenues en Inde au printemps dernier ont permis au BJP, le parti du Premier ministre sortant, Narendra Modi, de conforter son caractère hégémonique. Cette victoire est moins celle de sa politique économique et sociale dont les résultats sont pour le moins mitigés que celle d’un national-populisme reposant sur l’ar...

भीमराव आंबेडकर हिन्दुओं में पहले दलित या निम्न जाति नेता थे जिन्होंने पश्चिम जाकर पीएच-डी. जैसे सर्वोच्च स्तर तक की औपचारिक शिक्षा हासिल की थी । अपनी इस अभूतपूर्व उपलब्धि के बाबजूद वह अपनी जड़ो से जुड़े रहे और तमाम उम्र दलित अधिकारों के लिए लड़ते रहे । भारत के सबसे प्रखर और अग्रणी दलित नेता के रूप में आंबेडकर का स्थान निर्विवाद है । निम्न जातियों क...

This book is about the contemporary ascendance of Hindu nationalist dominance to establish a majoritarian state in India...

"Majoritarian State" traces the ascendance of Hindu nationalism in contemporary India. Led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the BJP administration has established an ethno-religious and populist style of rule since 2014. Its agenda is also pursued beyond the formal branches of government, as the new dispensation portrays conventional social hierarc...

After the euphoria of 'the third wave' of democratisation, since the late 1990s, the political scientists who admitted that liberal democracy was not the only game in town have been striving to qualify democratic regimes that do not abide by the principles of the genre...

This conclusion follows the three main concerns of the volume: the power of business in India, business influence across issue areas, and cross-state variations. The chapters that address these respective concerns and their main contributions were already summarized in the introduction to this volume. This conclusion draws out some key themes that...

Overview Description Table of Contents Author InformationCoverBusiness and Politics in IndiaEdited by Christophe Jaffrelot, Edited by Atul Kohli, and Edited by Kanta MuraliModern South AsiaDescriptionOver the last few decades, politics in India has moved steadily in a pro-business direction. This shift has important implications for both government...

Sık sık “vatanseverlik”, “ulus”, “milliyetçilik” ve “etnisite” kelimelerini duyuyoruz, hatta kullanıyoruz. Peki, bu kavramların anlamları nedir? Ya da birbirlerinden farkları? Aslında anlamları ve aralarındaki fark çoğu zaman belirsiz; bazen aynı olguyu tanımlıyor, bazen çelişiyorlar.

Cambridge Core - Sociology of Religion - A Secular Age beyond the West - edited by Mirjam Künkler

The political culture of the Gujarat Congress has been traditionally characterized by a conservative overtone that contrasted with the progressive ethos of party units of other provinces. This specificity comes not only from the Gujarati asmita, but also from the attitude of Mahatma Gandhi who did not fully support progressive elements, such as Ind...

A country that has not gone through a revolution, India has been the crucible of several reform movements as early as the nineteenth century. But none of them intended to break with the past. They even sometimes prepared the ground for revivalism. In parallel, Hindu traditionalism developed in reaction to social and cultural change. In the twentiet...

While Europe was the centre stage of revolutions since the end of the 18th century, the non-European world, too, was drawn into revolutions around the same period and up to the years of the early 21st century.How do we understand these revolutionary passions, born outside the continent of Europe? How far have they been conditioned by the European m...

Hilal Ahmed, Muslim Political Discourse in Postcolonial India: Monuments, Memory, Contestation. Delhi: Routledge. 2014. 328 pages. ₹ 850.

There is apparently a contradiction between the Hindu nationalists’ deep attachment to the national territory that they look as a sacred land (punyabhoomi) and their transnational agenda that has resulted in the development of a dense network of affiliates across the globe. This contradiction finds its explanation in the ethno-religious conception...

After the 2002 pogrom, Narendra Modi, the Chief Minister of Gujarat, shifted his political repertoire from that of a Hindu Hriday Samrat (King of Hindus’ heart) to that of development and Gujaratiness. He claimed that he was a development man (Vikas Purush) and that he represented the 60 million Gujaratis as an aam admi (common man). He projected h...

The Ayodhya issue has been prominent on the Indian political scene since the 1980s. In this town of Uttar Pradesh (North India), Hindu nationalists want to (re)build a temple at the birthplace of God Ram, on a site where a mosque had been constructed in the sixteenth century. The mosque was destroyed in 1992.

As chief minister of Gujarat, Narendra Modi claimed that his state was a model of development. While his government achieved a remarkable growth rate, his public policies as well as his politics have been on par with growing inequalities. The collaboration between the state and the corporate sector - an old tradition in Gujarat - gained momentum un...

The students of transnational flows, including James Rosenau,1 have pertinentlyhighlighted the growing assertion of ‘sovereign free actors’ at the expense of‘sovereign bound actors’ in what they call postinternational politics.2 Dealingmostly with the end of the Cold War era, they have tended to focus on theincreasingly important role of not only t...

The inclusion of Hindu nationalist parties in India's democratic process has not resulted in their moderation in a linear manner. Since 1947, the parties have oscillated between a sectarian strategy of religious mobilization and a more moderate one of abiding by democratic processes and liberal norms. While the former has led to radicalization, the...

Rares sont les ouvrages dévolus au lien entre le politique et le religieux qui comparent les différentes communautés religieuses et les différents pays d’Asie du Sud. Historiens, sociologues, anthropologues et politologues comblent ce fossé en étudiant l'importante sécularisation des institutions. Ce numéro de « Purushartha » s’attache à comparer l...

The Sangh Parivar, a network of organizations articulated around the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS – National Volunteer Corps), has become over the years a global movement propagating a Hindu nationalist agenda. As such, it links and imbricates transnationalism and nationalism. Hindu nationalism is an exclusive form of ethnoreligious nationalism...

The Maoist movement in India began to develop in the late 1960s, taking advantage of the political space provided when the Communist Party of India (Marxist) abandoned its revolutionary fight. In the early 1970s the Maoist, also called Naxalistes, were the victims of intense factionalism and severe repression which led the militants to retreat to t...

Les critères de la puissance d'un pays dans l'ordre international ne sont plus ceux qu'ils étaient il y a 20 ans. Appartenir au Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies n'est plus une condition nécessaire et suffisante à l'heure où des pays émergents possèdent, eux aussi, l'arme nucléaire, affichent un dynamisme économique qui résiste à la crise et ap...

À travers le « Tri-continent » – espace latino-américain, Moyen-oriental et indien –, les trois auteurs interrogent le fait révolutionnaire. Comment comprendre les passions révolutionnaires ayant vu le jour hors du continent européen ?Depuis la fin du XVIIIe siècle, l'Europe constitue le théâtre privilégié des passions révolutionnaires. Mais durant...

Il y a à peine plus d'un an, la première visite officielle du président américain en Chine plongeait l'Inde dans la consternation. De nombreux observateurs indiens avaient relevé alors que Barack Obama avait choisi de faire le voyage de Pékin avant de rendre visite aux autorités indiennes et qu'il avait préféré ne pas rencontrer le dalaï-lama afin...

For decades, India has been a conservative democracy governed by the upper caste notables coming from the urban bourgeoisie, the landowning aristocracy and the intelligentsia. The democratisation of the ‘world’s largest democracy’ started with the rise of peasants’ parties and the politicisation of the lower castes who voted their own representativ...

Hindu nationalists have become experts in the art of being outraged after the crystallization of the Hindutva ideology in the 1920s. Articulating a deep rooted inferiority complex, they have tried hard to denounce the disrespectful behaviour of the minorities they feared most – especially the Muslims – in order to mobilize new followers. Such a pro...

This is a book about the emerging patterns of consumption among the middle classes of India and China. The book compares cultural shifts as a result of liberalization and globalization in these two emerging Asian powers. This volume does not compare India and China to the West, as books on similar subjects have done in the past. Instead they are co...

The rise of Hindu nationalism has been one of the most significant developments in Indian politics over the past 20 years. It is a recent phenomenon in terms of election results: the party most representative of this political trend, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP-Party of the Indian People) increased its number of seats from 2 out of 542 in the g...

“Long-distance nationalism,” an expression coined by Benedict Anderson, is often used to refer to transnational political activities, but the dynamics of this expatriate nationalism tend to be neglected. Mere nostalgia or even spontaneous mobilizations are invoked to explain this phenomenon, but fail to explain the mechanisms that lie behind it. Us...

L’expression "nationalisme à distance" que l’on doit à Benedict Anderson est souvent utilisée pour évoquer toute une série d’activités politiques transnationales. Pourtant, les dynamiques à l’oeuvre dans le nationalisme des expatriés sont rarement explorées. La simple nostalgie ou même la mobilisation spontanée servent trop souvent d’explications à...

Hindu nationalism came to world attention in 1998, when the Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) won national elections in India. Although the BJP was defeated nationally in 2004, it continues to govern large Indian states, and the movement it represents remains a major force in the world's largest democracy. This book presents the though...

Each day that passes sees confirmation of India's increasingly important position on the international scene. India's rising economic might is unquestionable including, and above all, in the area of high technology. As for her military power, this now includes unashamed expertise in strategic weaponry from nuclear to ballistic missiles and a sizeab...

This book gathers together French-language authors who in the last decade have played a part in the renewal of interest in the question of nationalism. This volume organized along thematic lines and with a genuine transversal approach, seeks to give audiences a glimpse of some of that research, whether related to theoretical, normative or analytica...

Nation, nationalisme : deux mots qui ne cessent d’être utilisés dans le langage commun, mais dont le sens reste souvent flou, voire contradictoire. L’ambition de ce volume est de donner un aperçu complet des recherches les plus récentes, qu’elles soient théoriques, normatives ou analytiques. Centré sur l’étude du nationalisme – concept nettement di...

The years 1998 to 2004 of Vajpayee's government saw a turning point in India-U.S. relations. Although the first major decision this government made - the 1998 nuclear testing - brought on immediate sanctions from the United States, the warming detectible afterward has not waned. In January 2004, the two countries launched a joint initiative baptize...

Dès l'introduction de son ouvrage, Rogers Smith explique que les peuples acquièrent leur identité politique à travers des récits collectifs qui, s'ils reposent sur un fond de vérité, n'en sont pas mois des constructions s'inscrivant parfois dans un temps très long. Il se propose de faire la théorie de ce phénomène tout en regrettant que les politol...

This volume brings together significant readings on the Sangh Parivar - the 'family' of Hindu nationalist organizations - and traces the rise of the right wing in Indian politics. The volume describes the matrix of the Parivar - The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) - and how it was constituted. It examines the core group of the Sangh Parivar which...

This book gathers together French-language authors who in the last decade have played a part in the renewal of interest in the question of nationalism. This volume organized along thematic lines and with a genuine transversal approach, seeks to give audiences a glimpse of some of that research, whether related to theoretical, normative or analytica...

The essays in this volume have all attempted, from different standpoints, to explain the birth, development and resilience of nationalism in the mo-dern era. Undoubtedly, as we hypothesised in the introduction, this ‘ism’ has been a major phenomenon of the last two centuries. This is evident from the multiplication of nation-states all over the wor...

[The resilience of nationalism in the face of globalisation and regionalisms] At a time when the nation-state is affected by globalisation, with its surge of transnational flows and by growing regionalism, nationalism is showing strong resilience. The propagation of Western lifestyles has not really challenged national identities because of the ind...

La visite d'Ariel Sharon en Inde en septembre dernier est passée bien à tort inaperçue car elle a parachevé un rapprochement specta culaire entre Tel-Aviv et New Delhi : jamais encore un chef de gouvernement israélien ne s'était rendu dans la capitale indienne. Nés l'un et l'autre à la fin des années quarante, les deux pays ont en effet passé un de...

L'hypothèse d'une filière pakistano-afghane de prolifération nucléaire a été évoquée avec insistance aux Etats-Unis au cours de la dernière guerre d'Afghanistan consécutive aux attentats du 11 septembre 2001. Les autorités américaines ont alors fait arrêter trois physiciens nucléaires pakistanais à la retraite qui, selon eux venaient, au mois d'aoû...

Hasan Mushirul et Nakazato Nariaki (dir.), The Unfinished Agenda. Nation-Building in South Asia, New Delhi, Manohar, 2001, 536 p. - Volume 58 Issue 1 - Christophe Jaffrelot

[The political coming-of-age of India's caste system] Reverse discrimination measures in favor of the untouchable caste were taken in India as far back as the colonial period, especially in the form of hiring quotas in the public service. They were taken up virtually intact by the leaders of newly independent India without provoking any debate, sin...

While suggestions were made in the 1990s that Pakistani and Indian political trajectories were converging as Pakistan took steps towards democratisation and India showed increasing signs of authoritarian centralisation, the following analysis offers a more historically sensitive view that suggests the opposite is true. In over fifty years of indepe...

Ce livre a pour ambition de classer les grandes théories du nationalisme selon deux axes qui opposent, pour l'un, un " principe de domination " à un " principe de cohésion ", pour l'autre les " évolutions structurelles " aux " stratégies d'acteurs " (...).

En examinant le déclin de l'État-nation, Habermas s'intéresse en fait surtout celui d'une démocratie menacée notamment en Europe par l'érosion des souverainetés stato-nationales. La globalisation remet effectivement en cause ce qu'il appelle l'État social, une construction laborieusement mise en place dans les pays européens pour réguler l'économie...

Ce petit livre, on l'aura déduit de son titre, est un plaidoyer pour le comparatisme. Sa fougue traduit une véritable irritation contre la tyrannie du national en sciences sociales, un mal particulièrement profond en France où il affecterait surtout, selon l'auteur, sa discipline: l'histoire. Marcel Detienne propose de transcender la fois les front...

La recherche d'un modèle susceptible de rendre intelligible le monde de l'après-guerre froide pousse les auteurs américains (et leurs éditeurs) à proposer sans cesse de nouvelles formules frappantes. Les auteurs de ce livre cherchent à se démarquer de cette tendance aux visions planétaires, qui a déjà produit une fin de l'histoire, une guerre des c...

Shortly thereafter, Yoganand arranged Shyam’s monastic initiation. The latter had to shave his head and all the hair on his body, and then set off to the forest where a naked ascetic, chosen by Yoganand, murmured his new name into his ear along with the secret words which transform one’s nature and can be revealed to no one. Shyam was no longer a B...

L'ouvrage de S.V.R.N. porte sur la Jama'at-i islami (JII) du Pakistan, un des plus anciens mouvements islamistes en Asie du Sud. Il fait le tour de la question en trois parties et 300 pages, ce qui constitue un véritable tour de force : dans un premier temps, l'auteur présente la formation du mouvement dans l'Inde encore coloniale de 1941, il s'int...

L'ouvrage de J. A. traite des relations entre hindous et musulmans dans un État du sud de l'Inde, le Karnataka, qui est depuis longtemps le terrain de prédilection de l'auteur. Ce livre a d'abord le mérite de mettre en valeur le rôle de l'islam dans un milieu dravidien que l'on a souvent tendance à assimiler à l'hindouisme (...).

L'ouvrage de D.V. analyse les transformations d'un Etat princier, le royaume de Sirohi,à l'époque de Inde britannique. Chacun des chapitres examine les changements subis par un groupe social de cette principauté située dans le sud du Rajasthan, sans donner pour autant l'impression d'une simple juxtaposition : les relations qu'entretiennent le mahar...

L'hindouisme militant souffre au sein des études indiennes une sous-représentation longtemps liée la désapprobation qu'il suscite parmi intelligentsia " progressiste " indienne et à ses fortes connotations idéologiques naturellement en décalage avec l'hindouisme " réel " qui intéresse en priorité les indianistes occidentaux. L'ouvrage de B. Graham...

L'ouvrage de Christiane Hurtig qui procède une thèse de Doctorat d'Etat soutenue en 1985 analyse la situation et le rôle des Princes au sein de la démocratie indienne - a priori antithétique avec leur régime de prédilection - au cours des quarante dernières années (...).