Christophe Gauld- MD, PhD
- Hospices Civils de Lyon (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon)
Christophe Gauld
- MD, PhD
- Hospices Civils de Lyon (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lyon)
Currently at the University of Amsterdam (Psychological Methods programme group)
About
183
Publications
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Introduction
My research focuses on the theoretical and methodological approaches of child psychiatry and sleep medicine, with an epistemological perspective (cultural, institutional, philosophical, social) and a computational and statistical perspective (symptom networks, text-mining, machine learning, structural equation modeling, etc.)
Current institution
Additional affiliations
October 2020 - November 2021
Publications
Publications (183)
The third edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3) is the authoritative clinical text for the diagnosis of sleep disorders. An important issue of sleep nosology is to better understand the relationship between symptoms found in conventional diagnostic manuals and to compare classifications. Nevertheless, to our knowle...
This article proposes to investigate how Sleep disorders have been conceptualized within the DSM-5 through symptom network analysis of the diagnostic criteria of the “Sleep-Wake Disorders” section in the DSM-5. We hypothesize that the analysis of the most central symptoms will allow us to better analyze the position of Sleep disorders in Mental dis...
BACKGROUND
Social media provide a window onto the circulation of ideas in everyday folk psychiatry, revealing the themes issues discussed both by the general public and by various scientific communities.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to explore the trends in health information about Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) exchanged within popular and scientif...
Objectifs :
Le concept d’injustice épistémique s’intéresse à la manière dont la capacité d’un sujet à produire du savoir peut être déniée ou minorée. Nous nous proposons ici d’étudier son intérêt en psychiatrie, de la pratique clinique à la nosographie.
Matériels et méthodes :
Après avoir défini les principales injustices épistémiques, nous étudio...
Résumé
Le champ de la psychiatrie computationnelle prend de l’ampleur depuis quelques années. Dans cet article, nous proposons de distinguer trois champs de la psychiatrie computationnelle. Le premier champ correspond à la Digital Psychiatry, ou psychiatrie utilisant les outils numériques, qui peut être définie comme un champ de la psychiatrie qui...
Objective
Prefrontal seizures pose significant challenges in accurately identifying the complex interactions between clinical manifestations and brain electrophysiological activities. This proof‐of‐concept study aims to propose a new approach to rigorously support electroclinical reasoning in the field of epilepsy.
Methods
We analyzed stereoelectr...
Study objectives:
Both the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD) and the sleep-wake disorders section of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) emphasize the importance of clinical judgment in distinguishing the normal from the pathological in sleep medicine. The fourth edition of the DSM (DSM-IV, 1994) in...
Substance Use Disorders (SUD) can be conceptualized as a prospective link from cues to craving and use. To explore the nonlinear interplay between craving and cues, this study applied dynamical systems theory (DST) to ecological momentary assessment (EMA) data. Optimized linear Seasonal Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average with eXogenous varia...
Computational neuropsychiatry is a leading discipline in explaining psychopathology in terms of neuronal message passing, distributed processing and belief propagation in neuronal networks. Active Inference (AI) is a way of representing this dysfunctional signal processing. According to the AI approach, all neuronal processing and action selection...
La notion d'écoanxiété résume différentes souffrances psychiques associées aux conditions environnementales. Elle renvoie à une variété d'états de détresse vécus en réponse à la crise écologique. On en retrouve de nombreuses autres définitions allant d'« une peur chronique de la catastrophe environnementale » ou d'une « anxiété ressentie en réponse...
Introduction
A limited number of studies have explored the connection between eco-anxiety, anxiety, and depression in adolescents. However, the relation between eco-anxiety and suicide remains unexamined. This cross-sectional observational study aims to bridge this gap by investigating the correlation between eco-anxiety intensity and suicide risk...
The MoVIES grid (Movies and Video Identification’s Emotion on Suicide), validated in French (not translated), allows for the quantification of the risk of Werther effects and the potential for Papageno effects in national or international feature films containing at least one suicide scene. It provides researchers and public health stakeholders wit...
Addiction is considered a chronic disorder that requires long-term treatment. Early identification of predictors of outcome may enable better and early adjustment of treatment. Daily fluctuations of craving have been shown to predict substance use within hours, making it a major target for treatment. The objective of this study was to examine wheth...
Objectives. Dissociation is a major phenomenon in child and adolescent psychiatry. It involves an involuntary disruption in the adequate integration of psychological functions, related to various neropsychological mechanisms. This study aims to examine the relationships between dissociation, emotion regulation, and alexithymia in adolescents.
Patie...
Cet article propose, pour la première fois, une organisation graphique, visuelle, dynamique, hiérarchisée, facilement manipulable de l’ensemble des termes sémiologiques chez l’adulte proposé par l’Association pour l’Enseignement de la Sémiologie Psychiatrique (AESP), afin d’en faire un outil pédagogique et pragmatique, mais aussi réflexif et critiq...
Commentary of ‘Elemental psychopathology: distilling constituent symptoms and patterns of repetition in the diagnostic criteria of the DSM-5’ Vincent P. Martin 1, Régis Lopez 2,3, Jean-Arthur Micoulaud-Franchi 4,5, Christophe Gauld 4,6,*
Background and aims
Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies have previously demonstrated a prospective influence of craving on substance use in the following hours. Conceptualizing substance use as a dynamic system of causal elements could provide valuable insights into the interaction of craving with other symptoms in the process of relapse....
One of the main goals for supporting people with a psychotic disorder is early detection and intervention, and the detection of Clinical High Risk (CHR) is a major challenge in this respect. This study sought to compare core symptoms of CHR for psychosis networks based on two CHR self-assessment tools, across different risk thresholds and age group...
Objective:
Within the context of patients at-risk of psychosis, where a variety of symptoms are present, identifying the most discriminative symptoms is essential for efficient detection and management.
Methods:
This cross-sectional online study analyzed individuals from the general population in order to better assess their risk of presenting s...
Semiology, through the study of clinical manifestations (symptoms and signs) of diseases, is a fundamental step for diagnostic evaluation, prognosis, and therapeutic decision-making. This article aims to explore the challenges of semiology in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) within the major domains of semiology application in medicine: defin...
Background
Sleep health is a multidimensional construct that includes objective and subjective parameters and is influenced by individual sleep-related behaviors and sleep disorders. Symptom network analysis allows modeling of the interactions between variables, enabling both the visualization of relationships between different factors and the iden...
Staging and stratification are two diagnostic approaches that have introduced a more dynamic outlook on the development of diseases, thus participating in blurring the line between the normal and the pathological. First, diagnostic staging, aiming to capture how diseases evolve in time and/or space through identifiable and gradually more severe sta...
Confirmation bias can be defined as the tendency to conduct research, interpret data, or recall information in a way that systematically impacts the possibility that the hypothesis is false. Such bias can become highly problematic when competing interests are at stake. These competing interests can be financial, but also intellectual, i.e., when th...
Study objectives:
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a heterogeneous condition covering many clinical phenotypes in terms of the diversity of symptoms. Patient-based OSA screening questionnaires used in routine practice contain significantly varying contents that can impact the reliability and validity of the screening. We investigated to what exten...
Historically, the field of sleep medicine has revolved around electrophysiological tools. However, the use of these tools as a neurophysiological method of investigation seems to be underrepresented today, from both international recommendations and sleep centers, in contrast to behavioral and psychometric tools. The aim of this article is to combi...
Objective
The impact of social relationships on autistic adolescents has been recently studied. However, the link between social relationships and depression in autistic adolescents seem underrepresented in the scientific literature. Especially no specific assessment tool has been developed to evaluate depression in autistic adolescents. The aim of...
Ce document (632 pages) constitue le fichier d'annexes approfondissant un certain nombre de concepts évoqués dans la thèse.
Ces dernières décennies, la philosophie de la psychiatrie s’est principalement appuyée sur les catégories et dimensions présentées au sein de classifications internationales comme le manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of mental disorders – DSM). Une telle classification, à l’image d’autres con...
Over 30 years, research into the Mirror Neuron System (MNS) has flourished, but criticisms emerged in 2014 regarding its role in empathy, mind-reading, and psychiatric disorders. One would expect that these criticisms to be considered with a time lag in the field of psychiatry because they were not originally formulated in the field of psychiatry....
Insomnia disorder is a mental disorder that includes various types of symptoms (e.g., insomnia initiating, worries, mood disturbances) and impairments (e.g., distress related to sleep alterations). Self-report questionnaires are the most common method for assessing insomnia but no systematic quantified analysis of their content and overlap has been...
For the past decade, ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAr) antagonist, has been considered a promising treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD). Unlike the delayed effect of monoaminergic treatment, ketamine may produce fast-acting antidepressant effects hours after a single administration at subanesthetic dose. Along with these a...
BACKGROUND
Sleep health is a multidimensional construct that includes objective and subjective parameters and is influenced by individual sleep-related behaviors and sleep disorders. Symptom network analysis allows modeling of the interactions between variables, enabling both the visualization of relationships between different factors and the iden...
Les troubles du spectre autistique (TSA) concernent aujourd'hui 0,6 à 0,7 % de la population mondiale, ce qui en fait un des troubles du neurodéveloppement les plus fréquemment rencontrés en pratique quotidienne. Longtemps présenté sous un mode péjoratif, voire déficitaire, la représentation sociale des TSA a considérablement évolué ses 20 dernière...
La popularité du concept de médecine personnalisée et de médecine de précision en recherche clinique, dans les sciences biomédicales, les politiques de santé et le discours public est stimulée par les progrès de la génomique et de la biologie moléculaire, ainsi que par les nouvelles technologies de santé connectée – l’engouement pour la recherche d...
Introduction
Major depression episode (MDE) and postpartum depression (PPD) have the same diagnosis criteria, but dissimilarities may be present regarding the frequency and structure of depressive symptoms.
Methods
We used data from the IGEDEPP Cohort (France) to examine DSM-5 depressive symptoms in two groups of women: 486 with PPD and 871 with a...
The psychological and psychopathological characteristics of ultra-runners have aroused growing interest in recent years. Indeed, although rare, ultramarathons may require hospitalisation, including to Intensive Care Unit (ICU). We aim to explore the relations between exercise addiction and personality traits in ultrarunners who went to ICU after a...
The category of dissociative identity disorder (DID) has puzzled medical science and fascinated popular culture for almost 200 years. Its occurrence in young people raises at least two new questions addressed by science studies and embedded philosophy: self-diagnosis (related to cyberchondria and mass media-induced illness) and transient disease (r...
BACKGROUND
Psychotic disorders are a major public health issue, and their disability is partially dependent on the duration of untreated condition. Ultra-high risk (UHR) of psychosis is a potential prodromal stage that occurs before the full development of a first episode of psychosis.
OBJECTIVE
One way to differentiate above-threshold psychosis f...
Le soin est un acte fort de sens, celui qui donne des vocations. Mais de quoi s’agit-il exactement? De «porter attention » dans la définition la plus littérale. Dans la santé en
général et en médecine en particulier, cet acte nous renvoie à notre humanité. Le soin renvoie à un enjeu humain tout d’abord. Correctement accompli, et accompagné, le con...
OBJECTIFS
Malgré son rôle central dans la sémiologie et les classifications des troubles du sommeil et de l’éveil, il n’existe pas actuellement de consensus sur la définition de la somnolence. Nous proposons d’identifier les différents termes associés à la somnolence dans l’intégralité de la littérature scientifique et de quantifier les relations e...
If the development of machine learning and artificial intelligence plays a role in many fields of research and technology today, it has a special relationship with neurosciences. Indeed, historically inspired by our knowledge of the brain, deep learning shares some vocabularies with neurosciences and can sometimes be considered a brain’s model. Tak...
Introduction
These last years, scientific research focuses on the dynamical aspects of psychiatric disorders and their clinical significance. In this article, we proposed a theoretical framework formalized as a generic mathematical model capturing the heterogeneous individual evolutions of psychiatric symptoms. The first goal of this computational...
Background and aims:
Among the 11 current diagnostic criteria, craving is a potential central marker for understanding and for treatment of Substance Use Disorders (SUD). Our objective was to explore craving centrality across SUD based on the study of symptom interactions in cross-sectional network analyses of DSM-5 SUD diagnostic criteria. We hyp...
Sleep disorders are defined on the basis of diagnostic criteria presented in medical classifications. However, no consensus has emerged on the exact list of operational symptoms that should be systematically investigated in the field of sleep medicine. We propose a systematic analysis of sleep symptoms that figure in a set of self-reported multiple...
Much research in the philosophy of psychiatry has been devoted to the characterization of the normal and the pathological. In this article, we identify and deconstruct two postulates that have held sway in the philosophy of psychiatry. The first postulate concerns the belief that clinicians would benefit from conceiving of psychiatric disorders as...
Dissociative Identity Disorders (DIDs) are controversial psychiatric conditions encountered in clinical practice and nosology. DID as described in the international classifications has little similarity with the clinical picture of “DID” met in current youth psychiatry. From this Perspective, we hypothesize that this current clinical presentation d...
La première clinique pour les jeunes présentant une revendication autour de l’identité de genre a été inaugurée à Boston en 2007, et plus d’une cinquantaine d’autres ont ouvert leurs portes depuis. Ces dernières années, le nombre d'enfants et d’adolescents qui s'identifient comme transgenres a fortement augmenté. Cependant, il existe de nombreuses...
Introduction
Postpartum depression (PPD) is defined as a major depressive disorder (MDD) beginning after childbirth. Wide debates aim to better understand PPD's specificities compared with MDD. One of the keys in differentiating PPD from MDD is to systematically study scientific “Areas Of Interest” (AOIs) of these disorders.
Methods
In November 20...
Introduction
Reliance on sole reductionism, whether explanatory, methodological or ontological, is difficult to support in clinical psychiatry. Rather, psychiatry is challenged by a plurality of approaches. There exist multiple legitimate ways of understanding human functionality and disorder, i.e., different systems of representation, different to...
Aim: Given this research attention on the dynamical aspects of psychiatric disorders in recent years and their clinical significance, this article seeks to provide a computational model capturing the heterogeneous individual evolutions of psychiatric disorders.Methods: We propose a 3+1 dimensional toy-model reproducing the clinical observations enc...
Introduction. La Classification internationale des maladies, 11e édition (CIM-11) remplit de multiples objectifs, allant du soutien aux cliniciens à la prise de décision politique, en passant par la recherche, l'épidémiologie et la régulation administrative et financière. Les utilisations de la classification semblent donc à la fois médicales, scie...
If the development of machine learning and artificial intelligence plays a role in many fields of research and technology today, it has a special relationship with neurosciences. Indeed, historically inspired by our knowledge of the brain, deep learning shares some vocabularies with neurosciences and can sometimes be considered a brain's model. Tak...
The aim of this article is to provide a systematic review of reliability studies of the sleep–wake disorder diagnostic criteria of the international classifications used in sleep medicine. Electronic databases (ubMed (1946–2021) and Web of Science (—2021)) were searched up to December 2021 for studies computing the Cohen’s kappa coefficient of diag...
