Christina Geng-Qing Chi

• PhD
• Professor at Washington State University

Little is known about women wine consumers' reactions to gender cues in marketing communication despite their increasing purchasing power. This research examines the effects of gender cues (feminine vs. masculine) in wine labels on women wine consumers' attitudes, sensory expectations, sensory evaluations, and purchase intentions. Two online experi...

The looming threat of climate change on the environment has called for sustainable consumption and business practices. This study aims to address the paradox of green consumption, i. e. customers’ intention-behavior gap, by examining the role of green certification. Via three sub-studies that involve primary data collected through experimental stud...

Despite the prevalence of food tourism-related short videos on social networking services, few studies have examined the effectiveness of such videos in promoting food tourism. This study aims to address this gap in literature via three experimental studies. Specifically, Study 1 reveals significantly different attitudes across participants who wat...

This study aims to reveal customers’ perceptions and intentions towards the emerging disruptive restaurant business model of ghost kitchens. Through the theoretical lens of prospect theory, this study examines how customer knowledge and perceptions of benefits and risks influence their trust and behavioral intentions towards ghost kitchens. Explora...

People come together and create new communities around their special interests. Although the members of these communities, defined as neo-tribes, have highly individualistic, fluid and reflexive identities, they share ‘an intense sense of us’, in other words, cohesion. This study presents a netnographic examination of two different cycling communit...

This study aims to increase our understanding of the effects of food pictures in formulating customers’ expectations and performance evaluation, which, in turn, affect customer satisfaction, trust, and behavioral intentions in the restaurant context. Extending the expectancy disconfirmation theory, we have conducted three experimental designed stud...

Purpose While former literature has shown that people have a strong tendency to seek religious support during difficult times, knowledge gaps exist in how the mechanism of religiosity works to support employees’ mental status and performance. Therefore, based on self-categorization theory, this study aims to examine the effects of employees’ intrin...

This study examined the impacts of intragroup guanxi interaction on customers’ complaint behavior following service failure on a group tour. Based on the guanxi literature and social support theory, two dimensions of intragroup guanxi interaction were identified, and their effects on customers’ intentions to complain were examined. The moderating e...

Purpose Building upon humans’ trichromatic vision systems, dual-process theory and halo effects, this paper aims to examine the effects of red and green color brightness of food pictures on customers’ evaluations and purchase intention of restaurant food. Design/methodology/approach The proposed hypotheses were tested across three experimental des...

This study examines tourists’ attitudes toward the use of artificially intelligent (AI) devices in either relatively more utilitarian or hedonic tourism services (airline and hospitality services, respectively). Findings suggest that tourists’ acceptance of the use of AI devices in both service contexts is influenced by social influence, hedonic mo...

This mixed-methods study conceptualized and developed a scale to measure vicarious nostalgia in heritage tourism. Based on a comprehensive literature review, vicarious nostalgia was conceptualized with three dimensions: past-oriented cognition, evoked positive, and negative emotion. Rigorous scale development procedures were followed using six stud...

With the increasing popularity and adoption of health/fitness apps, more research attention is needed to examine users' behavior in order to promote sustained usage of the apps. The purpose of this study is to understand health and fitness app users' decision-making process by integrating the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Investment Mod...

The global fever for wine demands concerted endeavors for understanding determinants of wine consumers’ purchase decisions. Applying the cognitive appraisal theory, this study aims to identify factors that motivate Chinese consumers to purchase organic wines by incorporating consumers’ values (i.e., health consciousness), cognitive evaluations (i.e...

Purpose This study aimed to explore consumers' continuance intention to use a fitness and health app by applying two theoretical models: the expectation–confirmation model (ECM) and the investment model (IM). Design/methodology/approach An online survey was administered to consumers who are currently using fitness and health apps ( N = 342). Struc...

With a paradigm shift to relationship marketing, how to build high-quality relationships between customers and firms has become a key for companies, particularly hospitality companies to achieve success. Other than the well-documented antecedent of service quality, this study provides an integrated model that investigates the development of high-qu...

This study defines the notion of a wellness hotel, generates a wellness amenity inventory list, and develops the Scale of Wellness Hotel Amenities (SWHA) to measure the level of wellness provided by hotels. The result reveals a 16-item measurement scale consisting of three dimensions: environmental wellness, physical wellness, and mind wellness. In...

Purpose This paper aims to examine the primary determinants of Chinese consumers’ attitudes and purchase intentions of imported organic wines. Design/methodology/approach This study used a multi-stage data collection via multiple sampling techniques. Data were collected from close to 2,000 Chinese wine drinkers across 33 provincial-level administr...

Purpose This study aims to examine how tourism impacts on local community, managers’ attachment to the community and their identification with the value of heritage resources influence managers’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) attitudes, utilizing the value identification and agency theories. Design/methodology/approach The proposed hypoth...

Industrial agglomeration is an essential and effective way to integrate resources and elements. Its impact on the green innovation efficiency of the tourism industry is a process of continuous development and dynamic change. This paper, based on the provincial panel data from 2006 to 2015, uses super SBM model to measure the green innovation effici...

Limited theoretical attention has been paid to understand the underlying drivers of hotels’ engagement in environment management (EM). By using institutional theory, this study provides an integrated model that captures various social drivers of hotels’ engagement in EM. The associations between the three dimensions of institutional environment and...

This study examines incentive travelers’ motivation and the relationships between motivation, satisfaction, and organizational commitment. A mixed-methods approach was employed to customize the measures and provide empirical evidence on proposed inter-relationships. Factor analysis has revealed three types of travel motivation, including “Travel fo...

Upon a systematic assessment of how residents’ trust in government(s) and attachment to a marquee event influence their evaluations of the event’s impacts and subsequent attitudes towards the hosting of the event, this study further explores the dynamic nature of residents’ subjective evaluations and corresponding attitudes to the event. In line wi...

Purpose This paper aims to explore the perceived hedonic and utilitarian value of organic dining along with its antecedents and dining outcomes. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from two groups of US consumers who had recently visited a quick-service or upscale restaurant to consume organic menu items. Data were analyzed using facto...

This study of Sardinia, Italy, an island destination in the Mediterranean Sea, examines the role of involvement on destination personality formation process. It further investigates how destination personality affects destination satisfaction and self-congruity, and how self-congruity affects destination satisfaction and destination loyalty. A tota...

This study identifies the depth structure of customer complaint efforts and investigates the roles of each dimension in the structural relations with customer satisfaction and loyalty. Three dimensions of customer complaint efforts were identified, procedural effort, cognitive effort, and affective effort in the restaurant context. This study uses...

This study explores how menu stimuli can influence diners’ decision-making of local food (i.e., dishes prepared with locally sourced ingredients) at restaurants. A 2 (diner type: traveler vs. resident) by 3 (menu cues/stimulus: visual vs. verbal vs. control) by 2 (involvement with local food: low vs. high) scenario-based experiment is administered...

This study aims to identify the factors influencing residents' subjective well-being (SWB) and examine the relative importance of each factor on the distinct components of residents' SWB in the heritage tourism context. The measurement was developed and validated using rigorous procedures. Five rounds of data collection have occurred in a span of t...

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that are likely to influence the loyalty behavior of first-time and repeat visitors to all-inclusive resorts. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from first-time and repeat Russian tourists to Antalya, Turkey, utilizing a self-administered survey questionnaire. A total of 339...

Hotels with higher operating efficiency also record better financial performance. Measuring and comparing hotels’ operating efficiency provides a benchmarking tool for hoteliers. Using a window Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach, this study examines the operating efficiency of U.S. hotels with various types, geographic locations, sizes, and r...

Purpose – This quasi-experimental study aimed to investigate, drawing upon influential discounting behavior theory and cognition – affect – behavior (C-A-B) paradigm, consumers’ reactions to the phenomenon of “greenwashing” in the lodging industry. More specifically, this paper proposed and tested a theoretical model that examined whether recognizi...

The main purpose of this study is to identify the underlying dimensions of consumer complaining and recovery effort and to develop a multidimensional scale to measure this construct. Literature suggests that the consumer complaining and recovery effort is a four-dimensional construct consisting of procedural, cognitive, time-related, and affective...

The main purpose of this study is to identify the underlying dimensions of consumer complaining and recovery effort and to develop a multidimensional scale to measure this construct. Literature suggests that the consumer complaining and recovery effort is a four-dimensional construct consisting of procedural, cognitive, time-related, and affective...

This study examines the influence of GM identity on wine's sensory evaluations (i.e., appearance, aroma, taste) and consumer patronage using evaluative conditioning and halo effect as theoretical bases. We further inspect the role of knowledge in neutralizing these evaluation biases caused by the "negative halo" of involving gene technology in wine...

This study examines whether knowledge exposure and supreme wine attributes such as appearance, aroma, taste, and hangover avoidance influence consumers’ quality evaluation and purchase intentions of genetically modified (GM) wines. We conducted two experimental studies in two different settings involving a total of 321 subjects. Results indicate th...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to identify the most critical antecedents of destination loyalty formation (DLF) and to develop a series of propositions for the relationships among the antecedents of loyalty formation and their direct and indirect impacts on loyalty formation. Design/methodology/approach – This conceptual paper provides a c...

Purpose Drawing on consumer behavior and service marketing literature, the aim of this paper is to empirically examine how customers' justice judgment and consumption emotions affect customer relationships and their post consumption behaviors in a service recovery context. Design/methodology/approach Structural equation modeling (SEM) was adopted...

This study was designed to test a theoretical model determining the relationships among tourists' perceived food image, food satisfaction, culinary quality, and behavioral intentions. The structural relationships between the variables were examined by adopting a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach, and the empirical data was collected in Ma...

The objective of the study was to examine how first-time and repeat visitors develop loyalty differently. A multiple group analysis in LISREL was conducted using data collected from a major tourism destination in the southern United States. The findings revealed that (a) repeat visitors reported higher levels of revisit and referral intentions (use...

The purpose of this study is to examine the legal responsibilities of owners of establishments that sell and/or serve alcoholic beverages to their patrons and other people who may be assaulted or injured by those patrons in the establishment or after leaving the establishment. Examination of 246 actual court cases revealed that the plaintiff's clai...

This study investigated the influences of temporal effects on local residents’ impact perceptions of hosting the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, utilizing data collected during the first week of the games and after the games from local residents of Beijing. Findings suggested that thirteen of the 30 impact items examined were significantly different be...

The objective of the study was to offer a systematic approach to examine the potential differences in loyalty formation process across different demographic groups. A multiple group analysis in LISREL was conducted using data collected from a major tourism destination in the southern United States. The findings revealed that (a) travelers in differ...

This article illustrates the food image of France, Italy, and Thailand, countries known for their popular cuisine. An online survey was conducted; the population consisted of members of online travel and food groups from Yahoo.com and MSN.com. A total of 294 individuals responded to the online survey. A series of multiple regressions were conducted...

This article examines the impacts of general, nondestination-specific motivational factors and destination-specific motivational factors on travelers' decisions to visit a destination. Data for this study was collected from visitors to four key cultural heritage attractions in Tampa, Florida during 2006 through personal interviews. Using structural...

This study examines local residents’ attitudes toward two different types of tourism development, mass tourism and alternative tourism, using data collected from residents of Sunshine Coast, Australia. The study findings reveal that host community support is affected directly and/or indirectly by the level of community concern, community attachment...

This study was designed to test a theoretical model determining the relationships among tourists’ perceived food image, food satisfaction, quality of visiting and behavioral intentions. The structural relationships between the variables were examined by adopting a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach. Analysis of findings revealed that 1) to...

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction, and to examine the impact of both on a hospitality company’s financial performance utilizing service-profit-chain framework as the theoretical base. Specifically, this study explores four major relationships: (1) the direct relationship...

The purpose of this research is to examine the relative positioning of ten Middle Eastern destinations using six competitiveness indices developed by World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC). A multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) analysis is utilized to generate a positioning map based on the analysis of both attributes and objects in a joint space. The...

Purpose Many hospitality programs have developed their own career and placement services to assist students in job searching efforts. The purpose of this paper is to identify factors that are important for the success of career and placement services offered by hospitality programs, from the industry's perspectives. Design/methodology/approach Dat...

The purpose of the study was to investigate the underlying factor structure of tourists' attribute satisfaction, and assess the relationship between attribute satisfaction and overall satisfaction. Based on a comprehensive literature review, seven ‘attribute satisfaction’ factors were identified that might affect tourists' overall satisfaction with...

The purpose of this study is to identify generational differences and similarities among hospitality employees and managers in order to develop leadership strategies and management styles that can be utilized to increase employee morale and productivity while enhancing recruitment and retention rates of highly qualified workers. Data for this study...

The objective of this study was to offer an integrated approach to understanding destination loyalty by examining the theoretical and empirical evidence on the causal relationships among destination image, tourist attribute and overall satisfaction, and destination loyalty. A research model was proposed in which seven hypotheses were developed. The...

This study examined the impacts of organizational responses on complainants' justice perceptions and post-purchase behaviors. Specifically, the impacts of apology, redress, explanation, attentiveness, facilitation, effort and promptness on complainant's justice perceptions were assessed. Furthermore, the effects of these justice perceptions on comp...

With a continued tight labor market and an increasing need for labor in restaurant industry, the time appears ripe for restaurant employers to pursue the untapped source of qualified workers-people with disabilities. The objectives of the study are (1) to determine if employers' attitude differs based on different disability types; (2) to discover...

Despite increased innovations in rehabilitation and laws, such as the Americans with Disabilities Act (1990), the unemployment rate for individuals with disabilities has consistently hovered in the 60%-70% area for decades. Extensive literature reviews indicated that one of the biggest barriers to employment opportunities for people with disabiliti...