Christiane Gross

• Prof. Dr.
• Professor (Full) at University of Wuerzburg

The mobility survey Würzburg 2023 (MbWü 2023) is a household survey on the internal, source and destination traffic of Würzburg residents. It serves to collect representative data on the mobility behavior of the citizens of Würzburg for the year 2023. By the end of the field phase, a total of 2,944 people had returned a completed questionnaire. Thi...

The mobility survey Würzburg 2023 (MbWü 2023) is a household survey on the internal, source and destination traffic of Würzburg residents. It serves to collect representative data on the mobility behavior of the citizens of Würzburg for the year 2023. The Würzburg 2023 mobility survey was conducted by the University of Würzburg. During the survey p...

This is the third and final of multiple themed issues of International Journal of Comparative Sociology ( IJCS) dedicated to the question of how education systems shape educational inequalities in terms of systematic variations access to and uptake of education along certain axes of inequality such as social origin, gender, and immigrant background...

The academic workforce is recognised as being key to the ability of both modern economies to innovate and societies to solve current problems and avert future ones. However, the German academic system is characterised by increasingly fierce competition and offers young researchers career prospects that are difficult to plan. This special issue aims...

The academic workforce is recognised as being key to the ability of both modern economies to innovate and societies to solve current problems and avert future ones. However, the German academic system is characterised by increasingly fierce competition and offers young researchers career prospects that are difficult to plan. This special issue aims...

In the last decades, and especially since 2010, the intersectionality paradigm is being increasingly used as theoretical framework for examining and explaining social inequalities in various areas – both with qualitative and quantitative methods. So far, there is no standard for applying intersectionality in quantitative social research. Therefore,...

Previous research in different national contexts has shown that individual preferences for certain job attributes, objective labour market conditions, subjective career prospects, and external encouragement shape doctoral graduates’ career decisions. For Germany, where the number of awarded doctoral degrees is highest within the European Union and...

Previous research has shown that temporary employment is negatively associated with many psychological and job-related outcomes, such as well-being, health, wages, organisational commitment, and job satisfaction. Among recent doctoral graduates, the proportion of temporary contracts is particularly high. However, research on the association between...

This is the second special issue of the International Journal of Comparative Sociology on the role of education systems as institutional settings on the reproduction of inequalities. The first was published in January 2021 and included papers that explored the role of shadow education and country characteristics during early childhood on educationa...

In diesem Beitrag wird mithilfe des DZHW-Promoviertenpanels 2014 untersucht, in welchen Bereichen Promovierte fünf Jahre nach ihrer Promotion tätig sind und inwiefern diese Tätigkeitsbereiche ihren ursprünglichen Laufbahnintentionen ent-sprechen. Zudem werden objektive und subjektive Indikatoren des Berufserfolgs differenziert nach Tätigkeitsbereic...

The second special issue of International Journal of Comparative Sociology (IJCS) on the role of education systems as institutional settings on the reproduction of inequalities includes three papers that focus on stratification of the education system as key driver of educational inequalities, the role of digital inequalities in the school and beyo...

Stress is one of the main determinants of health in modern societies (Backé et al. 2012; Steptoe 1991). Stress-related illness may cause damage on several dimensions: stress is a threat to individual wellbeing, it damages the economy through people being absent from work and it is a threat to the social security system when people receive payments...

This is the introduction into the first of multiple themed issues of International Journal of Comparative Sociology (IJCS) that are dedicated to the role of education systems as institutional settings on the reproduction of inequalities. While Introduction I presents the research program, outlines a conceptual background and discusses methodologica...

Educational system characteristics are key determinants of educational inequalities. We provide an overview of the growing body of literature in this field by conducting a systematic review to analyze how educational system characteristics shape educational inequalities. Web of Science was surveyed with 19 keywords, and we included 13 studies by co...

Der Beitrag liefert eine Einführung in qualitative und quantitative Methoden der Gesundheitssoziologie. Die Ausführungen zur qualitativen Forschung beziehen sich insbesondere auf die Fallauswahl sowie unterschiedliche Strategien der Datenerhebung und -analyse. Im Rahmen der quantitativen Methoden werden zunächst Gütekriterien der Messung sowie Oper...

Prejudices against the unemployed pose an enormous threat to their self-confidence and can make it difficult for them to re-enter the labour market, resulting in further long-term unemployment. Given these high costs for the unemployed and for society as a whole, our knowledge of prejudices against the unemployed is surprisingly scarce. We focus on...

This systematic review analyzes the question, how characteristics of educational systems shape educational inequalities. The studies focus mainly on standardization and stratification as educational system characteristics. The results show that standardization is associated with low gender inequality. Stratification relates to high ethnic inequalit...

Zusammenfassung Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, welche Faktoren das Stigmabewusstsein von arbeitslosen Personen bedingen. Als theoretische Grundlage wird der Labeling-Ansatz herangezogen und Arbeitslosigkeit als ein von der Erwerbsarbeitsnorm abweichender Status aufgefasst. Zusätzliche Annahmen der Geschlechterforschung implizieren eine nach Gesch...

This systematic review analyzes the question, how characteristics of educational systems shape educational inequalities. The studies focus mainly on standardization and stratification as educational system characteristics. The results show that standardization is associated with low gender inequality. Stratification relates to high ethnic inequalit...

Pillar 5 of the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS) focuses on various returns to education over the life course. The longitudinal design allows us to study the complex and dynamic interaction processes when qualifications, competencies, and educational certificates are turned into economic and noneconomic returns. In this chapter, we ou...

Aufbauend auf theoretischen Ansätzen und empirischer Evidenz zum Zusammenhang von Bildung/Beruf auf der einen Seite und Stress/Gesundheit auf der anderen Seite liefert der Beitrag ein theoretisches Modell zur Erklärung von beruflichen Fehlzeiten. Dabei wird sowohl der Zusammenhang zwischen Bildung/Beruf und Arbeits(un)fähigkeit diskutiert, als auch...

Inheritance taxation divides public opinion and is among the most unpopular taxes in many countries, although only a minority of people have to pay it. Using a survey experiment with vignettes on a sample of German citizens (N = 479), we examine attitudes towards inheritance taxation. Our results reveal several relevant dimensions for a proposed fa...

Collaboration cannot be taken for granted in a scientific environment where scholars strive for a sound reputation and compete for jobs, research grants or publication opportunities. However, participating in science has become more and more a matter of teamwork than the business of a lone wolf. This contribution examines whether scientific collabo...

Im vorliegenden Beitrag stellen wir aus Sicht unterschiedlicher Disziplinen Analyseansatze vor, die sich eignen, um das Zusammenspiel von formaler Bildung, individueller Gesundheit, Gesundheitsverhalten und Arbeitsbelastungen sowie Aspekten der Arbeitsfahigkeit zu untersuchen. Dargestellt werden Ansatze der Okonomik, der Soziologie sowie der Psycho...

How do education systems shape educational inequalities and differences in educational outcomes? And how do advantages and disadvantages in educational attainment translate into privileges and shortcomings in labour market and general life chances? Education systems and inequalities compares different education systems and their impact on creating...

On the basis of quantitative data, this contribution illustrates how to model the impact of education systems on educational inequalities. When examining this question, researchers have to decide whether to compare only a small number of countries or regions (comparative approach) or whether to include numerous countries and examine them by means o...

The main objective of this chapter is to theorise how education systems shape inequalities. In the first part of the chapter, we outline an institutionalist theoretical approach and offer an illustrative case comparison regarding the institutionalisation of educational inequalities in Germany and the United States. Although the principle of equal e...

This chapter introduces an intersectional theoretical perspective as a means both to analyse educational systems and to compare the utility of different methods for analysing the intersectional complexity of educational systems. We first present the intersectionality approach, which emphasises both the social context of action and the multidimensio...

The conclusion presents an overview of the text, summarising the contents of each section. It then goes on to state that, through the findings of the previous chapters, the authors have come to the conclusion that producing equal opportunities for students should be one of the main functions of any education system. However, it is not simple to exp...

Recent research has shown profound impacts of institutional settings of education systems on educational inequalities, i.e. systematic disadvantages and advantages in education being structured by characteristics like class, gender, ethnicity, (dis)ability and their intersections. The main education system characteristics which have been identified...

Background Education systems have become one of the most debated subjects of political intervention. At the end of the 19th century, national or federal education systems were institutionalised, and in the 20th century they received even more attention. Sharp increases in awareness followed by political debates, and finally more or less efficient p...

Introduction Examining the impact of education systems on educational inequalities raises several methodological questions. The first main question concerns the choice between two general research strategies: the comparative approach and the multi-level approach. The comparative approach (CA) involves studies that consider only a few countries and...

Introduction Education remains one of the most important determinants of social inequalities across generations and the life course, and educational systems are the main places for generating these disparities (see Coleman et al, 1966; Boudon, 1974; Bourdieu, 1986; Barone and Schizzerotto, 2011). Empirical research into education identifies particu...

Introduction Recent research has shown the strong impact that the institutional settings of educational systems have on educational inequalities and, via education, on inequalities in manifold life chances (labour market chances, income, health, political participation and so on). The main characteristics that have been determined as driving forces...

The most challenging work for editors is to summarise the main findings of the contributions. We start with the lessons learnt from each chapter in the main sections of the volume: theory and methods, education systems and educational inequalities, and education systems and inequalities in status attainment and life chances. From this we derive our...

This contribution presents the Standard Stress Scale (SSS), a new scale that has been specially developed to meet the requirements of multicohort panel studies— such as the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS)—that refer to the whole life course. Accordingly, the SSS is consistently applicable for different age groups from 14 years old onwards a...

The factorial survey (FS) method is increasingly used in the social sciences. It is particularly suitable for studying decision situations that are difficult to assess empirically. This article evaluates whether the FS method is suitable for studying decisions in gerontological research. The present article draws on data from the Housing Opportunit...

Wissenschaftskarrieren standen schon verschiedentlich im Fokus von wissenschaftlichen Analysen. Warum also werden in diesem Band autobiographische Texte namhafter deutscher Soziologen versammelt? Können damit soziale Mechanismen untersucht und verallgemeinerbare Aussagen gewonnen werden, die über den spezifischen Einzelfall hinausgehen? Wir wollen...

This contribution presents systematic biases in the process of generating health data by using a step-by-step explanation of the DISEASE FILTER, a heuristic instrument that we designed in order to better understand and evaluate health data. The systematic bias in health data generally varies by data type (register versus survey data) and the operat...

Making a verbal contribution is an efficient means to increase one's visibility in the academic job market. Therefore, we examine the duration and word density of spoken contributions made in debates at sociology conferences held in Germany, thus enriching the discussion on the gender gap in scientific careers. We differentiate between the contribu...

The influence of contextual factors on individual health status has been demonstrated by a number of studies even when controlling for the individual socio-economic situation (and other relevant factors). The article examines whether and to what extent variables of the place of residence have an effect on individual health status. We do not only re...

What factors determine the chances of being appointed to a chair in Germany? We propose to derive hypotheses from discrimination theory, social and human capital theory, and the signaling approach. In a survey we sampled scholars from mathematics, law and sociology who had completed their Habilitation ("second book") from 1985 and 2005 at West Germ...

The influence of contextual factors on individual health status has been demonstrated by a number of studies even when controlling for the individual socio- economic situation (and other relevant factors). The article examines whether and to what extent variables of the place of residence have an effect on individual health status. We do not only r...

Der Beitrag untersucht, ob und inwiefern das Paradigma der Intersektionalität zur Erklärung von Bildungsungleichheiten bei Jugendlichen beitragen kann. Dieses Paradigma postuliert, dass soziale Ungleichheit auf der Wirkung multipler Gruppenzugehörigkeiten entlang von Gender, sozialer Herkunft und Migrationsstatus beruht (Multidimensionalität), die...

Migrant children from most countries are disadvantaged in school. We investigate which characteristics of both school and societal contexts influence the achievements of migrant students. We argue that living conditions and inequality in a society as a whole may affect the chances of minority members and the function that private schools perform in...

Pillar 5 of the German National Educational Panel Study focuses on various returns to education over the life course. The longitudinal design allows us to study the complex and dynamic interaction processes when qualifications, competencies, and educational certificates are turned into economic and noneconomic returns. In this chapter, we outline t...

Welche Faktoren entscheiden über Karrierewege in der Wissenschaft? Tragen neben vielfach untersuchten Faktoren auch Erfahrungen außerhalb der Wissenschaft, Schicksalsschläge, Begegnungen, historische Ereignisse, individuelle und familiäre Lebenssituationen zur Formung eines wissenschaftlichen Lebenslaufs bei? Die Autoren stellen ihren Lebenslauf mi...

Die Einleitung zum vorliegenden Sammelband soll dazu dienen, Antworten auf folgende Fragen zu liefern: Welche Rolle spielen Fallzahlen bei der Teststärkenanalyse (Abschnitt 1)? Was sind die Besonderheiten beim Umgang (Datenerhebung, -analyse, -interpretation und nicht zu vergessen die Theoriearbeit) mit kleinen Fallzahlen (Abschnitt 2)? Was ist übe...

Der Sammelband thematisiert die Arbeit mit kleinen Fallzahlen in der quantitativen empirischen Sozialforschung. Die Beitragsautoren stellen zunächst anwendungsorientiert methodische Grundlagen der Datenerhebung und -analyse kleiner Fallzahlen, z.B. Datenerhebung bei Spezialpopulationen und Regressionsdiagnostik vor. Neben der klassischen Methodik w...

Ziel der Studie: Das Thema Organallokation gewinnt auch im öffentlichen Diskurs zunehmend an Brisanz. Der Hauptgrund hierfür liegt in der fehlenden Spendebereitschaft – gerade auch in der deutschen Bevölkerung – und damit dem Fehlen von Organen. Nach welchen Kriterien das knappe Gut Organ verteilt werden soll, möchte dieser Beitrag aus alltagsweltl...

Organ donation is widely discussed due to the lack of willingness among the public to be an organ donor and the resulting lack of organs destined for organ procurement. Criteria for the allocation of organs are analysed here from the view of laypersons. In a factorial survey, graduate students have been challenged to waitlist a fictive population o...

Was leisten Theorien rationaler Wahl hinsichtlich der Erklärung des Rauchverhaltens? Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage werden zwei theoretische Ansätze des Rational-Choice-Paradigmas vorgestellt: Gewohnheits- und Suchttheorien und der Humankapitalansatz. Die hieraus abgeleiteten Hypothesen werden mit vier Datensätzen (Eurobarometer 1995, Bundesgesundhe...

What contribution is offered by theories of rational choice to explain smoking behaviour? In order to answer this question, two approaches of the Rational-Choice-Paradigm are presented: Theories of Habit and Addiction and the Human Capital Approach. The hypotheses derived from these theories are tested with four datasets (Eurobarometer 1995, Bundes...

1. Einleitung Plümper und Schimmelfennig (2007) verfolgen mit ihrem Beitrag „Wer wird Prof – und wann? Berufungsdeterminanten in der deutschen Politikwissenschaft“ im PVSHeft 48(1), 2007, ein hehres Ziel. Sie versuchen, die Rekrutierungsdeterminanten des eigenen Metiers (Wissenschaft) und zudem des eigenen Faches (Politikwissenschaft) auf höchster...

Der Beitrag präsentiert den Forschungsstand zu den Bestimmungsfaktoren erfolgreich verlaufender wissenschaftlicher Karrieren. Von Interesse ist dabei insbesondere, ob und inwiefern nicht-meritokratische Kriterien zum Erklimmen der wissenschaftlichen Karriereleiter förderlich sind und durch welche Mechanismen diese Effekte zustande kommen. Zur Darst...

This paper reviews the state-of-the-art on the determinants of successful scientific careers. Whether non-meritocratic criteria play a beneficial role in careers in science and which mechanisms account for these effects is of particular concern. At first, the scientific ethos of Robert K. Merton is discussed to draw several conclusions for the meri...

Personal confidants form an important aspect of individual social capital. Given this, they are said to influence outcomes like health status and career advancement. Thus, there was a strong feedback on results based on the General Social Survey according to which the USA suffered from considerable decline in the amount of core confidants between 1...

In den letzten 15 bis 20 Jahren untersuchten zahlreiche Studien den Zusammenhang zwischen dem sozioökonomischen Status und der Gesundheit von Personen. Der Befund ist eindeutig: Mit steigendem sozioökonomischen Status - gemessen etwa an dem höchsten Schulabschluss, der beruflicher Position, dem Einkommen bzw. der Schicht - geht eine geringere Morbi...