Christian Moreau

• Ph.D. Physics
• Chair at Concordia University

Abradable coatings have been proven to significantly improve the performance of turbomachinery by serving as a protective barrier between rotating blades and stationary casing. However, there is still a pressing need to develop more efficient abradable materials that can withstand the growing energy requirements and prolong the service life of gas...

The remarkable mechanical and wear properties of high entropy alloys (HEAs) have opened up exciting possi- bilities for their use in aerospace applications. This study explores the potential of AlCoCrFeMo high entropy coatings (HECs) fabricated using three thermal spray techniques, namely low-pressure cold spray (LPCS), flame spray (FS), and high...

A formation method is provided. During this formation method, a metallic substrate is provided. A coating is deposited onto the metallic substrate using a suspension plasma spray process. The coating is formed from or otherwise includes copper oxide.

Suspension plasma spraying (SPS) was used to produce three different CuO coatings by varying spray distance and solid loading within the suspension. The low spray distance (30 mm) and high solid loading (20 wt%) in the suspension resulted in the deposition of dense coatings as compared to other spray conditions (i.e., a distance of 40 mm and solid...

Cold spray (CS) is a thermal spray method that deposits solid particles at high velocity at about room temperature using gases such as nitrogen or helium. Despite of CS's unique advantages, it is expensive to operate due to its high gas consumption and the need for small particle sizes for deposition. To enhance cost-effectiveness, liquid cold spra...

A spray of suspension, forms mainly solid particles in a liquid phase from the atomization of two or multiphase flow, mainly solid particles in a liquid phase, and its transport phenomena by a gaseous crossflow have many natural and industrial applications. For example, injection of suspension jet in a high-speed flow is used in the emerging surfac...

High-velocity air-fuel (HVAF) is a combustion process that allows solid-state deposition of metallic particles with minimum oxidation and decomposition. Although HVAF and cold spray are similar in terms of solid-state particle deposition, a slightly higher temperature of HVAF may allow further particle softening and because of it, more particle def...

The exceptional properties of Ti-6Al-4V of high strength, lightweight, corrosion resistance and machinability make it one of the most widely used alloys in in the aerospace industry. Significant efforts are underway to establish powder bed additive manufacturing (AM) technologies for Ti-6Al-4V. There are also increasing attempts to use thermal and...

High entropy alloys (HEAs) are advanced materials that possess exceptional mechanical and corrosion properties, enabling their use in aerospace applications. In this study, AlCoCrFeMo HEA was fabricated using cold spraying, flame spraying, and high-velocity oxy fuel spraying to investigate their microstructures, phases, mechanical properties, and s...

In a solid-state deposition technique such as cold spray (CS) or high-velocity air-fuel (HVAF), particle and substrate initial conditions play a crucial role in particle deformation and its adhesion strength to the substrate. In these thermal spray techniques, the deposited particle and the substrate are required to deform plastically; hence, both...

Coatings containing silver (Ag) as a solid lubricant are used in a wide variety of applications. These are usually produced by physical vapor deposition (PVD) or by thermal spray, and silver reportedly act reducing friction when tested at temperatures up to 400 °C. The mechanisms of solid lubrication of silver in these PVD coatings are well underst...

Tribaloys are Cobalt-based alloys with general composition M–Mo–Cr–Si (M = Co), with a microstructure of Laves intermetallic phases dispersed in a Co solid solution. The chemical composition plays a major role in volume fractions of the strengthening phases in these alloys, which in turn dictate the mechanical properties and tribological performanc...

Surface coatings that operate effectively at elevated temperatures provide compatibility with critical service conditions as well as improved tribological performance of the components. High-entropy coatings (HECs), including metallic, ceramics, and composites, have gained attention all over the world and developed rapidly over the past 18 years, d...

High-velocity air-fuel (HVAF) is a combustion process that allows solid-state deposition of metallic particles with minimum oxidation and decomposition. Although HVAF and cold spray are similar in terms of solid-state particle deposition, slightly higher temperature of HVAF may allow further particle softening and in turn more particle deformation...

Cold spray is a deposition method developed for manufacturing metallic coatings by impacting high-velocity metallic powders on a substrate surface at around room temperature. Because of the low temperature of impacted particles, no oxidation or phase transformations occur during spraying. However, the main limitations of cold spray are associated w...

The exceptional properties of Ti-6Al-4V of high strength, lightweight, corrosion resistance and machinability make it one of the most widely used alloys in the aerospace industry. Significant efforts are underway to establish powder bed additive manufacturing (AM) technologies for Ti-6Al-4V. There are also increasing attempts to use thermal and col...

High entropy alloys (HEAs) are characterized as alloys containing five or more principal elements in equal or close to equal atomic percentage. HEAs as bulk materials and coatings are considered a potential candidate for high-temperature applications owing to their superior combination of mechanical and thermal properties. In the present study, the...

TiB2-coated graphite substrates are potential wettable cathodes for aluminum electrolysis. However, their properties must be improved to prevent the infiltration of molten aluminum into the coating, which can result in delamination of the coating. Here, a suspension plasma spray process was used to deposit TiB2 coatings (60-110 µm thick) on graphit...

Nowadays, in the aerospace industry, additive manufacturing and repairing damaged metallic components like Ti6Al4V samples has grabbed attention. Among repairing techniques, solid-state additive manufacturing processes like cold spray is promising because of their unique benefits such as high deposition rate with almost no oxidation in the deposite...

Cu-Ni-Fe alloys are promising inert anodes for green Al production but their corrosion resistance must be improved. Here, protective (Co,Ni)O coatings are deposited by high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) process on Cu-Ni-Fe alloys. The influence of the coating and substrate compositions on their behavior is studied at 1000 °C under argon and air. On C...

Droplet impact on a solid surface occurs in many natural phenomena and industrial applications such as raindrop impact on the ground, drip irrigation, spray cooling, spray coating, inkjet printing, etc. Importantly, in several cases such as aerosol transfer from the sea, oxygen dissolution, and thermally sprayed coatings the impinging droplets cont...

Suspension plasma spray is a powerful coating technique for depositing high-quality thermal barrier coatings with promising mechanical and physical properties while taking advantage of the well-established atmospheric plasma spray process. In this process, fine ceramic particles are suspended in liquids such as water or ethanol before injection int...

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) are characterized as alloys containing five or more principal elements in equal or close to equal atomic percentage. Because of the high configurational entropy compared to conventional alloys, HEAs are usually composed of a simple solid solution phase instead of a complex, brittle structure. HEAs as bulk materials and co...

Additive manufacturing processes have been used to produce or repair components in different industry sectors like aerospace, automotive, and biomedical. In these processes, a part can be built by either melted particles as in selective laser melting (SLM) or solid-state particles as in the cold spray process. The cold spray has gained significant...

NiCr-Cr2O3-Ag-BaF2/CaF2 (PS304) and NiMoAl-Cr2O3-Ag-BaF2/CaF2 (PS400) coatings provide low wear and friction throughout temperatures ranging from 25 to 700°C. However, one drawback of using NiCr as matrix component is the expansion observed in high temperatures, which can be detrimental for coating integrity in gas turbine applications. This expans...

This paper reports a novel method for fabrication of an electro-thermal heating element, as de-icer or anti-icer, for the polymer-based composites. The plasma spray technique was utilized for the deposition of a Nickel-Chrome-Aluminum-Yttrium (NiCrAlY) coating layer as a heating-element on top of the glass/epoxy composite. To improve the adhesion s...

A filtration membrane is provided. It comprises a porous support substrate and a porous active layer on top of the support substrate, wherein the active layer is formed of a network of interconnected, randomly arranged ceramic splats with ceramic particles occupying interstices between the splats, and wherein free spaces between the particles defin...

A three-dimensional model based on Fast Interface Particle Interaction (FIPI) is developed for drying a single suspension droplet in processes with a high evaporation rate. The numerical model is able to describe consecutive states of the agglomeration process, including droplet shrinkage, particle accumulation on droplet surface, and buckling. Als...

A three-dimensional model based on Fast Interface Particle Interaction (FIPI) is developed for drying a single suspension droplet in processes with a high evaporation rate. The numerical model is able to describe consecutive states of the agglomeration process including droplet shrinkage, particles accumulation on droplet surface, and buckling. Als...

Various multi-layered thermally sprayed coatings were developed as heating systems for de-icing of the carbon steel pipes. Feasibility of fabrication of resistive heating coatings, namely Ni20Cr and Ni50Cr deposited by flame spraying, air plasma spraying, and high-velocity oxygen fuel spraying processes, onto the carbon steel samples were studied....

Suspension plasma spray (SPS) is going through a transition phase from research and development to daily use on production lines. Improving repeatability and reproducibility of coating elements and parameters makes SPS a replacement of former well-developed processes. This transition can be achieved by using in-flight particles diagnostic systems t...

Canadian aluminum production is an important source of greenhouse gases (GHGs) with 6 Mt of CO 2 eq emitted in 2017, which is equivalent to the amount of GHG generated annually by about 2 million cars. The current technology consumes carbon anodes during the electrolysis of aluminum to form CO 2 according to the overall reaction: Al 2 O 3 + 3/2 C =...

The industrial production of primary aluminum from alumina ore (Al 2 O 3 ) is still carried out by the Hall-Héroult process. The process relies on dissolving alumina in an electrolyte consisting mainly of liquid Na 3 AlF 6 at 950-1000 °C. While the reduction of dissolved Al ³⁺ ions in aluminum occurs at the cathode, the complementary reaction occur...

A significant reduction in greenhouse gas emissions from aluminum smelters will only be achieved with the emergence of new technologies. The most effective way to decrease significantly CO 2 emissions from this industry is to replace the consumable carbon anodes that are used nowadays with so-called inert anodes that emit O 2 instead of CO 2 during...

As most superhydrophobic coatings are made of soft material, the need for harder, more robust films is evident in applications where erosional degradation is of concern. The work herein describes a methodology to produce superhydrophobic stainless steel thermal spray coatings using the high-velocity oxygen fuel technique. Due to the use of kerosene...

Thermally sprayed stainless-steel coatings were produced with a wide range of deposition parameters. The electrochemical behavior of polished coatings was monitored for 3 weeks in 3.5 wt.% NaCl aqueous solution and compared to that of reference materials including a wrought stainless steel plate and a bulk ingot produced by arc melting of the spray...

High-velocity oxygen fuel thermal spray stainless steel coatings are desirable for their excellent erosion resistance. However, the fabrication process can lead to a decrease in corrosion resistance in comparison to the original bulk material. Here we produced stainless steel coatings on stainless steel substrates using varying deposition parameter...

In this study, a 2D axisymmetric numerical model is developed for simulating buckling of suspension droplets for processes with a high evaporation rate. This model not only demonstrates droplet distortion during buckling but also predicts and visualizes solid particles’ behavior inside the droplet. The core element of the simulation method is the s...

This study investigated the influence of the substrate shape and roughness on the microstructure of suspension plasma spray (SPS) coatings. For this purpose, an yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) suspension was sprayed on flat and curved stainless-steel substrates by SPS. The suspension was composed of 20 wt.% YSZ particles in ethanol. After spraying...

In this work, a new method for the development of polymer-infiltrated bond coatings is presented. Substrate surfaces are coated by high-velocity oxygen fuel spraying, with a powder mixture containing a stainless steel (SS444) matrix and an iron aluminide (Fe3Al) pore former. Prior to polymer infiltration, acid leaching in 0.5 M HCl solution was use...

Suspension plasma spraying (SPS) is a powerful coating technique for depositing high-quality thermal barrier coatings with promising mechanical and physical properties while taking advantage of the well-established atmospheric plasma spray (APS) process. In this process, fine ceramic powders are suspended in fluids like water or ethanol before inje...

In coating-based resistive heating systems, for cases in which the substrate is electrically conductive, an intermediary ceramic layer with dielectric properties is required to prevent short-circuiting and leakage of current between the resistive coating heating element and the substrate. Alumina is widely used as an electrical insulator in heating...

The freezing of water in piping systems is a widespread phenomenon that can lead to internal pressurization and rupture of pipes, causing noticeable financial losses. Multi-layered functional coatings that consist of different materials with favorable electrical properties, namely alumina/alumina-titania, nickel-chromium, and copper, were fabricate...

This study compares the performance of different measurement methods for characterizing particles during thermal spraying. The accuracy of double-point and single-point measurements is assessed in the context of HVOF and suspension plasma spraying (SPS) where in-flight particle temperature and velocity are recorded for different powders and suspens...

Aerosol Deposition (AD)method is an emerging coating process for deposition of ceramic particles for industrial applications such as MEMS, fuel cells, optical devices and radio frequency components. In this process, various parameters such as nozzle geometry, powder size and type, pressure inside the deposition chamber, and carrier gas flow rate ha...

Co,Ni)O solid solutions are considered as promising protective materials of O2‐evolving anodes for Al production. In this context, two solid‐state synthesis methods, namely high‐energy ball milling (HEBM) and calcination, have been evaluated for the synthesis of (Co,Ni)O solid solutions. In all cases, CoxNi1−xO solid solutions can be formed over th...

Suspension plasma spray (SPS) is an emerging coating process for making surfaces with superior properties. In this process, in-flight spray particle characteristics such as size, velocity, and temperature have a direct influence on the properties of the deposited coatings. Accordingly, online diagnostic tools to characterize the in-flight particles...

In this study, a three-dimensional DC plasma torch is modeled using Joule effect method to simulate the plasma jet and its voltage fluctuations. The plasma gas is a mixture of argon/hydrogen, and the arc voltage fluctuation is used as an input data in the model. Reynolds stress model is used for time-dependent simulation of the oscillating flow of...

Suspension plasma spraying (SPS) is an emerging thermal spray processes. Its specific feature is to use a suspension that is a heterogeneous mixture of very fine particles in an aqueous or organic solvent, to achieve finely structured coatings. The latter have a great potential for demanding applications like solid-oxide fuel cells or thermal barri...

Chemical leaching is proposed as a method to control porosity in stainless steel HVOF coatings. The leaching behavior is evaluated as a function of the stainless steel 444 and the pore former (Fe3Al) volume fractions and particle size distributions. The resulting porous structures are evaluated by optical microscopy. It was observed that the meltin...

This work presents HVOF as an alternative means to produce dense Babbitt coatings by thermal spray. A radial injection setup and low fuel flow rates were used to minimize heat transfer to the low melting point alloy. In-flight particle diagnostic systems were used to correlate spray parameters with the changes in particle velocity and thermal radia...

We regret that the original article contained an outdated affiliation for Dr. Patrick Gougeon. His affiliation should have been updated to read: Saguenay, QC, Canada.

Suspension plasma spraying (SPS) acquires a significant interest from the industry. The deposited coatings using this technique were proved to have unique microstructural features compared to those built by conventional plasma spraying techniques. In order to optimize this process, in-flight particle diagnostics is considered a very useful tool tha...

Ni-based electrode coatings with enhanced surface areas, for hydrogen production, were developed using atmospheric plasma spray (APS) and suspension plasma spray (SPS) processes. The results revealed a larger electrochemical active surface area for the coatings produced by SPS compared to those produced by APS process. SEM micrographs showed that t...

By engineering thermal spray parameters, such as temperature and velocity, and engineering feedstock powder size and morphology, ceramic coatings may be produced having desired mechanical properties. The ceramic thermal spray coating may have a microstructure having about 10-80% by cross-sectional area of a particular phase is uniformly distributed...

The ongoing development of environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) offers the prospect to implement the full potential of silicon-based ceramics for high temperature structural applications. The current state-of-the-art EBC system comprises a Si bond coat, a mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2) interlayer and a (1-x)BaO·xSrO·Al2O3·2SiO2, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 (BSAS) crack-res...

Compositionally graded mullite/ZrO2 coatings, have been tested as environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) for protection against water vapor corrosion of Si-based ceramic components intended for application in turbine engines. Four and five layered systems were engineered by plasma spraying over SiC substrates consisting of a Si bond coat layer, 2 or...

Si-based ceramics (e.g., SiC and Si3N4) are known as promising high-temperature structural materials in various components where metals/alloys reached their ultimate performances (e.g., advanced gas turbine engines and structural components of future hypersonic vehicles). To alleviate the thickness recess that Si-based ceramics undergo in a high-te...

In this study, two processing routes are used to produce mullite powders for thermal spraying and the influence of each method on particle morphology and microstructure is investigated. Different thermal treatments are performed to improve grain cohesion and powder flow and their effect on the crystal structure of the powder is assessed as well. Th...

This study investigates the influence of powder morphology and spray processes on the microstructure, crystallinity, hardness, and elastic modulus of mullite coatings. Coatings produced from mullite powders and suspensions are deposited by plasma spraying while measuring in-flight particle temperature and velocity. Powder morphology and spraying co...

Titania (TiO2) coatings are candidates for high-temperature applications in the fields of wear, corrosion, and environmental barrier coatings (EBCs); however, at temperatures at or above 540 °C, titania coatings are not pursued due to the usual presence of the anatase phase in the as-sprayed TiO2 coatings. This phase tends to impede the application...

Optical coherence tomography was used to collect cross- sectional images of glass powder beds consisting of microspheres with diameters ranging from 8 to 175 m. Images were formed by a collection of individual interferogram envelopes that give the backscattered light amplitude as a function of the optical path in the glass powder bed. The diameter...

Plasma-sprayed, molten nickel particles (60 µm diameter) were photographed during impact on oxidized 304L stainless steel surfaces that were maintained at room temperature or at 350oC. The steel samples were oxidized at different temperatures. Droplets approaching the surface were sensed using a photo detector and after a known delay, a fast charge...

Numerous efforts have been carried out over the years to improve process control in the thermal spray industry. Among those, the need for online monitoring of the thickness of the coating is unquestionable as it leads directly to better uniformity, less powder usage and increased productivity. In 2006, a new technology based on 3D profiling has bee...

For a decade now, industrial sensors have been commercially available to both academia and industry. In general, these sensors measure individual and/or bulk properties of the powders being sprayed. Experience has shown that normally, researchers will tend to favor sensors with high spatial resolution like the DPV 2000, because of the fundamental i...

Thermal barrier coatings were produced using both Ar and N2 as the primary plasma gas. Various aspects of the process and the coatings were investigated. It was found that higher in-flight particle temperatures could be produced using N2, but particle velocities were lower. Deposition efficiencies could be increased by a factor of two by using N2 a...

In previous studies, it has been demonstrated that nanostructured Al2O3-13wt%TiO2 coatings deposited via air plasma spray (APS) exhibit higher wear resistance when compared to that of conventional coatings. This study aimed to verify if HVOF-sprayed Al2O3-13wt%TiO2 coatings produced using hybrid (nano+submicron) powders could improve even further t...

In this work we present the numerical simulation results for the molten nickel and zirconia (YZS) droplets impact on different micro-scale patterned surfaces of silicon. The numerical simulation clearly showed the effect of surface roughness and the solidification on the shape of the final splat, as well as the pore creation beneath the material. T...

In the past ten years, significant progress has been made in the field of advanced sensors for particle and spray plume characterization. However, there are very few commercially available technologies for online characterization of the as-deposited coatings. In particular, coating thickness is one of the most important parameter to monitor and con...

The impact of plasma-sprayed molybdenum particles on glass surfaces held at 25 and 400°C was photographed. A two-color pyrometer was used to collect thermal radiation from the particles to follow their temperature evolution and to calculate the splat cooling rate. Significant fragmentation of the splat on the surface at 25°C was observed. A 3D mode...

Plasma-sprayed yttria-stabilized zirconia particles (~40 µm diameter) were photographed during impact (velocity ~200 m/s) on a glass surface that was maintained at either room temperature or 400°C. A droplet that approached the surface was sensed using a photodetector and after a known delay, a light source was triggered to illuminate the particle...

Plasma-sprayed, molten molybdenum particles (~40 µm diameter) were photographed during impact (with velocity ~110 m/s) on Inconel surfaces that were preheated or maintained at room temperature or 400oC. A droplet approaching the surface was sensed using a photodetector and after a known delay, a fast CCD camera was triggered to capture images of th...

Retaining non-melted nano-particles of zirconia in nanostructured coatings has been a challenge in the past. Recently an air plasma spray process was developed to produce coatings which retain up to 30-35% by volume non-melted particles, resulting in a unique structure. The creep/sintering behavior of such thermal barrier coatings deposited from na...

In this work, metal-based thermal barrier coatings (MBTBCs) for use in low heat rejection diesel engines have been produced, using high frequency induction plasma spraying (IPS) of iron-based nanostructured alloy powders. Important advances have been made over recent years to the development of ceramic-based thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) for dies...

The influence of secondary hydrogen and current on the deposition efficiency (DE) and microstructure of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings was evaluated. To better understand the influence of the spray process on coating consistency, a YSZ powder, −125 +44 µm, was sprayed with nitrogen/hydrogen parameters and a 9 MB plasma gun from Sulzer Me...

Influence of induction plasma gas composition on Ti coatings microstructure and composition has been studied. Plasma sprayed Ti powder and coatings were prepared by using induction plasma system. Spheroidization of irregular shaped particles was observed in the powder collected after spraying with Ar-air plasma. Microstructures of the coatings were...

Influence of induction plasma gas composition on Ti coatings microstructure and composition has been studied. Plasma sprayed Ti powder and coatings were prepared by using induction plasma system. Spheroidization of irregular shaped particles was observed in the powder collected after spraying with Ar-air plasma. Microstructures of the coatings were...

This paper is the continuation of previous work,[1] in which plasma fluctuations were shown to produce significant time-dependent variations in the in-flight particle temperature and velocity, as well as in the number of detected particles. In this paper, the impact of the plasma fluctuations on the coating microstructure and deposition efficiency...

The influence of secondary hydrogen and current on the deposition efficiency (DE) and microstructure properties of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings was evaluated. In order to better understand the influence of the spray process on coating consistency, an YSZ powder, -125+44 µm, was sprayed with nitrogen/hydrogen parameters and a 9MB gun. D...

This paper first presents some typical results that illustrate the need for closed-loop stabilization of plasma spraying processes. A strategy to identify the most efficient control actuators is then explained, followed by a description of a robust operator closed-loop feedback method. This method can be directly implemented on current commercial s...

Two 7-8 wt% yttria-stabilized zirconia powders of similar size and chemistry but having different microstructure properties and manufacturing routes were studied. One significant difference was the density and internal porosity of the starting powders. Deposition efficiency (DE) of the low density (LD) powder was found to be higher and less sensiti...

The influence of arc root fluctuations in direct current (DC) plasma spraying on the physical state of the particle jet is investigated by correlating individual in-flight particle temperature and velocity measurements with the instantaneous voltage difference between the electrodes. In-flight diagnostics with the DPV-2000 sensing device involve tw...

This paper investigates the influence of plasma variations on the microstructure and application rate of aluminum coatings and compares layers obtained using parameters that result in the same particle properties but different changes in stress. Layers produced in the less stable plasma state were found to be more porous and contained a significant...

A nanostructured WC–12Co powder was sprayed using three different HVOF gun-fuel combinations in which the fuels were kerosene, hydrogen and propylene. Using particle diagnostics, significant differences were observed in the particle temperatures and velocities generated using these various combinations. Important differences were identified when co...

Thermal spraying of a nanograined WC-12Co cermet powder using high velocity oxy-fuel was employed to produce nanostructured coatings. The spray conditions were varied by employing a wide range of thermal spray parameter settings and using either hydrogen or propylene as fuel gas. By determining the characteristics of the spray jet for each set of s...

Innovation and improvements are described which yield a 20 fold increase in the signal-to-noise level of a two fiber, twin wavelength high speed pyrometer used for in-flight particle diagnostics. Examples are given of how these developments extend the application range of the technology to low temperature processes such as flame spraying of low emi...

The Accuraspray is a new in-flight particle sensor that provides information on the average in-flight particle temperature, using two-color pyrometry, and velocity, using a cross-correlation calculation. Various aspects influencing the reliability of the sensor estimates are studied. First, the sensitivity of the temperature and velocity estimates...

The influence of arc root fluctuations in DC plasma spraying on the physical state of the particle jet is investigated by correlating individual in-flight particle temperature and velocity measurements with the instantaneous voltage difference between the electrodes. In-flight diagnostics with the DPV-2000 sensing device involves two-color pyrometr...

Thermal spraying of a nanograined WC-12Co cermet powder using high velocity oxy-fuel was employed to produce nanostructured coatings. The spray conditions were varied by employing a wide range of thermal spray parameter settings and using either hydrogen or propylene as fuel gas. By determining the characteristics of the spray jet for each set of s...

In this paper, we describe a new sensor for monitoring inflight particles in thermal spray processes. The sensor can measure simultaneously and in real-time, the mean velocity and mean temperature of the particle jet for a very broad range of powder feed rates. The thermal radiation emitted by the hot particles is collected by a lens and focused on...

The microstructure of plasma sprayed deposits (PSD) is dominated by two void systems—interlamellar pores and intralamellar cracks—each with a different anisotropy. Anisotropy of these void systems and varying crack-to-pore ratios within PSDs are responsible for the anisotropic properties observed within deposits. While it is difficult to apply stan...

In this paper, two long-term experiments are conducted in order to investigate the evolution of the arc root fluctuations and the evolution of the in-flight particle state during plasma spraying. Voltage as well as the acoustic fluctuations measured at three different angles are characterized while particle state was monitored using an optical inte...