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Christian Klinke

Christian Klinke
University of Rostock and Swansea University

Professor

About

192
Publications
29,636
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6,387
Citations

Publications

Publications (192)
Article
Full-text available
Indium phosphide (InP) nanostructures have been synthesized by means of colloidal chemistry. Under appropriate conditions needle-shaped nanostructures composed of an In head and an InP tail with lengths up to several micrometers could be generated in a one-pot synthesis. The growth is interpreted in terms of simultaneous decomposition of the In pre...
Article
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Single-electron transistors would represent an approach to developing less power–consuming microelectronic devices if room temperature operation and industry-compatible fabrication were possible. We present a concept based on stripes of small, self-assembled, colloidal, metal nanoparticles on a back-gate device architecture, which leads to well-def...
Article
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Metallic nanoparticles offer possibilities to build basic electric devices with new functionality and improved performance. Due to the small volume and the resulting low self-capacitance, each single nanoparticle exhibits a high charging energy. Thus, a Coulomb-energy gap emerges during transport experiments that can be shifted by electric fields,...
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We demonstrate that by means of a local top-gate current oscillations can be observed in extended, monolayered films assembled from monodisperse metal nanocrystals -- realizing transistor function. The oscillations in this metal-based system are due to the occurrence of a Coulomb energy gap in the nanocrystals which is tunable via the nanocrystal s...
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Monolayers of colloidally synthesized cobalt-platinum nanoparticles of different diameters characterized by transmission electron microscopy were deposited on structured silicon oxide substrates and characterized by scanning electron microscopy, grazing incidence X-ray scattering, and electric transport measurements. The highly ordered nanoparticle...
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Copper monosulfide (CuS), also known as covellite, displays exceptional optoelectronic characteristics, exhibiting both plasmonic and photonic absorption in its monolithic nanomaterial form. It is classified as a hybrid metallic‐semiconducting material and a natural hyperbolic material with a distinctive crystal structure. Nanostructured CuS has be...
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The excellent optoelectronic properties, straightforward synthesis, and robust material stability of quasi‐2D metal halide perovskites have made them a hot research topic for optoelectronic devices. In layered organic–inorganic perovskites, the optoelectronic properties are greatly influenced by morphology and quantum confinement, which are crucial...
Preprint
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The excellent optoelectronic properties, straightforward synthesis, and robust material stability of quasi-2D metal halide perovskites have made them a hot research topic for optoelectronic devices. In layered organic-inorganic perovskites, the optoelectronic properties are greatly influenced by morphology and quantum confinement, which are crucial...
Preprint
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Control over the lateral dimensions of colloidal nanostructures is a complex task which requires a deep understanding of the formation mechanism and reactivity in the corresponding systems. As a result, it provides a well-founded insight to the physical and chemical properties of these materials. In this work, we demonstrate the preparation of quas...
Preprint
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The surface ligands in colloidal metal halide perovskites influence not only their intrinsic optoelectronic properties but also their interaction with other materials and molecules. We explore donor-acceptor interactions of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals with TiO2 nanoparticles and nanotubes by replacing long-chain oleylamine ligands with short-ch...
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Control over the lateral dimensions of colloidal nanostructures is a complex task which requires a deep understanding of the formation mechanism and reactivity in the corresponding systems. As a result, it provides a well‐founded insight to the physical and chemical properties of these materials. In this work, the preparation of quasi‐2D methylammo...
Preprint
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Quasi two-dimensional (2D) colloidal synthesis made quantum confinement readily accessible in perovskites, generating additional momentum in perovskite LED research and lasing. Ultrathin perovskite layers exhibit high exciton binding energies and beneficial charge transport properties interesting for solar cells. In 2D perovskites, the combination...
Article
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The surface ligands in colloidal metal halide perovskites influence not only their intrinsic optoelectronic properties but also their interaction with other materials and molecules. Donor–acceptor interactions of CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals with TiO2 nanoparticles and nanotubes are explored by replacing long‐chain oleylamine ligands with short‐...
Article
We explore different strategies to integrate prior domain knowledge into the design of graph neural networks (GNN). Our study is supported by a use-case of estimating the potential energy of chemical systems (molecules and crystals) represented as graphs. We integrate two elements of domain knowledge into the design of the GNN to constrain and regu...
Article
Diffusion-mediated assembly of octahedral PbS nanocrystals (NCs) in a confined antisolvent environment displays a primary burst nucleation and Ostwald ripening growth of rhombic bcc supercrystals, followed by a secondary seed-based nucleation and oriented attachment growth of triangle fcc supercrystals. As the diffusion proceeds from ethanol across...
Preprint
Non-toxicity and stability make two-dimensional (2D) bismuth halide perovskites better alternatives to lead-based ones for optoelectronic applications and catalysis. In this work, we synthesize sub-micron size colloidal quasi-2D Cs3Bi2I9 perovskite nanosheets and study their generation and relaxation of charge carriers. Steady-state absorption spec...
Article
Non-toxicity and stability make two-dimensional (2D) bismuth halide perovskites better alternatives to lead-based ones for optoelectronic applications and catalysis. In this work, we synthesize sub-micron size colloidal quasi-2D Cs3Bi2I9 perovskite nanosheets and study their generation and relaxation of charge carriers. Steady-state absorption spec...
Preprint
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We report the colloidal synthesis of 2D SnTe nanosheets through precursor hot-injection in a nonpolar solvent. During the reaction, an important intermediate - Sn-template - is formed which defines the confined growth of SnTe. This "flake-like" structure gives the first evidence for the possible 2D morphology formation prior to the anion precursor...
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Nanostructured lead halide perovskites are an attractive group of materials for highly efficient optoelectronic applications. Considering the wide variety in shape, size and crystal structures (layered, non-layered, hollow, double), many...
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We report a structural reconstruction-induced high photoluminescence quantum yield of 25% in colloidal two-dimensional tin iodide nanosheets that are synthesized by a hot-injection method. The as-synthesized red-colored nanosheets of octylammonium tin iodide perovskites at room temperature transform to white hexagonal nanosheets upon washing or exp...
Preprint
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Mn2+-doped semiconductor nanocrystals with tuned location and concentration of Mn2+ ions can yield diverse coupling regimes, which can highly influence their optical properties such as emission wavelength and photoluminescence (PL) lifetime. However, investigation on the relationship between the Mn2+ concentration and the optical properties is stil...
Preprint
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We explore different strategies to integrate prior domain knowledge into the design of a deep neural network (DNN). We focus on graph neural networks (GNN), with a use case of estimating the potential energy of chemical systems (molecules and crystals) represented as graphs. We integrate two elements of domain knowledge into the design of the GNN t...
Cover Page
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Noble metal nanoclusters (NCs) with fascinating physicochemical properties become one of the ideal candidates to be used in devices. This review by Lizhen and coworkers summaries the latest advance of noble metal NCs-based devices such as solar cell, transistors, strain sensors, etc. The review also highlights the current challenges and multiple op...
Article
Full-text available
Mn 2+-doped semiconductor nanocrystals with tuned location and concentration of Mn 2+ ions can yield diverse coupling regimes, which can highly influence their optical properties such as emission wavelength and photoluminescence (PL) lifetime. However, investigation on the relationship between the Mn 2+ concentration and the optical properties is s...
Article
Full-text available
We report a structural reconstruction-induced high photoluminescence quantum yield of 25% in colloidal two-dimensional tin iodide nanosheets that are synthesized by a hot-injection method. The as-synthesized red-colored nanosheets of octylammonium tin iodide perovskites at room temperature transform to white hexagonal nanosheets upon washing or exp...
Article
Full-text available
Atomically precise nanoclusters (NCs) with fascinating physicochemical characteristics different from their nanoparticles (NPs) counterparts have gained increasing attention in diverse fields of applications. The foremost outcome of such NC‐based applications is leading to transform them into devices. In fact, there are already some reports on the...
Preprint
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Manganese (Mn)-doped ZnS nanocrystals (NCs) have been extensively explored for optical applications with the advantages of low toxicity, large Stokes shifts, and enhanced thermal and environmental stability. Although numerous studies on Mn-doped ZnS dots, rods, and wires have been reported, the literature related to Mn-doped ZnS nanoplatelets (ZnS:...
Preprint
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Halide perovskites are promising materials for light-emitting and light-harvesting applications. In this context, two-dimensional perovskites such as nanoplatelets or Ruddlesden-Popper and Dion-Jacobson layered structures are important because of their structural flexibility, electronic confinement, and better stability. This review article brings...
Preprint
Due to the spatial confinement, two-dimensional metal chalcogenides display an extraordinary optical re-sponse and carrier transport ability. Solution-based synthesis techniques such as colloidal hot injection and ion exchange provide a cost-effective way to fabricate such low-dimensional semiconducting nanocrystals. Over the years, developments in...
Article
Full-text available
Halide perovskites are promising materials for light-emitting and light-harvesting applications. In this context, two-dimensional perovskites such as nanoplatelets or Ruddlesden-Popper and Dion-Jacobson layered structures are important because of their structural flexibility, electronic confinement, and better stability. This review article brings...
Cover Page
Full-text available
The cover image is based on the Perspective Mechanistic insights and selected synthetic routes of atomically precise metal nanoclusters by Mustafa Gharib et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/nano.202000210.
Article
Crystallization and growth of anisotropic nanocrystals (NCs) into distinct superlattices were studied in real time, yielding kinetic details and designer parameters for scale-up fabrication of functional materials. Using octahedral PbS NC blocks, we discovered that NC assembly involves a primary lamellar ordering of NC-detached Pb(OA)2 molecules on...
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During the last few decades, noble metal nanoclusters (NCs) have become an exciting building block in the field of nanoscience. With their ultrasmall size that ranges between 1 and 2 nm, NCs fill the gap between atoms and nanoparticles (NPs), and they show significantly different physicochemical properties compared to their bulk counterparts, such...
Article
Full-text available
Manganese (Mn)-doped ZnS nanocrystals (NCs) have been extensively explored for optical applications with the advantages of low toxicity, large Stokes shifts and enhanced thermal and environmental stability. Although numerous studies on Mn-doped ZnS dots, rods and wires have been reported, the literature related to Mn-doped ZnS nanoplatelets (ZnS:Mn...
Preprint
Tin telluride is a narrow gap semiconductor with promising properties for IR optical applications and topological insulators. We report a convenient colloidal synthesis of quasi-two-dimensional SnTe nanocrystals through the hot-injection method in a non-polar solvent. By introducing the halide alkane 1-bromotetradecane as well as oleic acid and tri...
Article
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Tin telluride is a narrow‐gap semiconductor with promising properties for infrared (IR) optical applications and topological insulators. A convenient colloidal synthesis of quasi‐2D SnTe nanocrystals through the hot‐injection method in a nonpolar solvent is reported. By introducing the halide alkane 1‐bromotetradecane as well as oleic acid and trio...
Preprint
Full-text available
In the realm of colloidal nanostructures, with its immense capacity for shape and dimensionality control, the form is undoubtedly a driving factor for the tunability of optical and electrical properties in semiconducting or metallic materials. However, influencing the fundamental properties is still challenging and requires sophisticated surface or...
Article
Full-text available
In the realm of colloidal nanostructures, with their immense capacity for shape and dimensionality control, the form is undoubtedly a driving factor for the tunability of optical and electrical properties in semiconducting or metallic materials. However, influencing the fundamental properties is still challenging and requires sophisticated surface...
Preprint
Tin sulfide promises very interesting properties such as a high optical absorption coefficient and a small band gap, while being less toxic compared to other metal chalcogenides. However, the limitations in growing atomically thin structures of tin sulfide hinder the experimental realization of these properties. Due to the flexibility of the colloi...
Article
Full-text available
Tin sulfide promises very interesting properties such as a high optical absorption coefficient and a small band gap, while being less toxic compared to other metal chalcogenides. However, the limitations in growing atomically thin structures of tin sulfide hinder the experimental realization of these properties. Due to the flexibility of the colloi...
Article
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Colloidal quantum dots assembled into quantum dot solids usually suffer from poor conductivity. The most common charge transport mechanism through the solid is hopping transport where the hopping probability depends on the barrier type (stabilizing/connecting ligand molecule) and the interparticle distance. It is demonstrated that the electronic st...
Article
Solution-processable two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors with chemically tunable thickness and associated tunable band gaps are highly promising materials for ultrathin optoelectronics. Here, the properties of free charge carriers and excitons in 2D PbS nanosheets of different thickness are investigated by means of optical pump-terahertz probe spec...
Preprint
Full-text available
Solution-processable two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors with chemically tunable thickness and associated tunable band gaps are highly promising materials for ultrathin optoelectronics. Here, the properties of free charge carriers and excitons in 2D PbS nanosheets of different thickness are investigated by means of optical pump-terahertz probe spec...
Preprint
Full-text available
We present a colloidal synthesis strategy to obtain single-crystalline PbS nanorings. By controlling the ripening process in the presence of halide ions, a transformation of initial PbS nanosheets to frame-like structures and finally to nanorings was achieved. We found that the competing ligands oleic acid, oleate and halide ions play an important...
Article
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We present a colloidal synthesis strategy to obtain single-crystalline PbS nanorings. By controlling the ripening process in the presence of halide ions, a transformation of initial PbS nanosheets to frame-like structures and finally to nanorings was achieved. We found that the competing ligands oleic acid, oleate and halide ions play an important...
Preprint
Full-text available
Hybrid lead halide perovskites with 2D stacking structures have recently emerged as promising materials for optoelectronic applications. We report a method for growing 2D nanosheets of hybrid lead halide perovskites (I, Br and Cl), with tunable lateral sizes ranging from 0.05 to 8 microns, and a structure consisting of n stacked monolayers separate...
Preprint
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Ultrathin semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) with at least one dimension below their exciton Bohr radius receive a rapidly increasing attention due to their unique physicochemical properties such as strong quantum confinement, large surface-to-volume ratio, and giant oscillator strength. These superior properties highly depend on the shape and crysta...
Article
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Ultrathin semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) with at least one dimension below their exciton Bohr radius receive a rapidly increasing attention due to their unique physicochemical properties. These superior properties highly depend on the shape and crystal phase of semiconductor NCs. Here, we demonstrate not only the synthesis of well-defined ultrath...
Article
Full-text available
Hybrid lead halide perovskites with 2D stacking structures have recently emerged as promising materials for optoelectronic applications. We report a method for growing 2D nanosheets of hybrid lead halide perovskites (I, Br and Cl), with tunable lateral sizes ranging from 0.05 to 8 μm and a structure consisting of n stacked monolayers separated by l...
Preprint
Quantum confined Au nanoclusters exhibit molecule-like properties, including atomic precision and discrete energy levels. The electrical conductivity of Au nanocluster films can vary by several orders of magnitude, and is determined by the strength of the electronic coupling between the individual nanoclusters in the film. Similar to quantum confin...
Article
Full-text available
Quantum‐confined Au nanoclusters exhibit molecule‐like properties, including atomic precision and discrete energy levels. The electrical conductivity of Au nanocluster films can vary by several orders of magnitude and is determined by the strength of the electronic coupling between the individual nanoclusters in the film. Similar to quantum‐confine...
Preprint
The colloidal synthesis of large thin two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets is fascinating but challenging, since the growth along the lateral and vertical dimensions need to be controlled independently. In-plane anisotropy in 2D nanosheets is attracting more attention as well. We present a new synthesis for large colloidal single-crystalline SnS nanoshe...
Article
Full-text available
The colloidal synthesis of large and thin two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets is fascinating but challenging, since the growth along the lateral dimension and vertical dimensions need to be controlled independently. In-plane anisotropy in 2D nanosheets is attracting more attention as well. We present a new improved synthesis for large colloidal single-...
Preprint
Colloidal approaches allow for the synthesis of Au nanoclusters (NCs) with atomic precision and sizes ranging from a few to hundreds of atoms. In most of the cases, these processes involve a common strategy of thiol etching of initially polydisperse Au nanoparticles into atomically precise NCs, resulting in the release of Au-thiolate complexes as b...
Article
Full-text available
Colloidal approaches allow for the synthesis of Au nanoclusters (NCs) with atomic precision and sizes ranging from a few to hundreds of atoms. In most of the cases, these processes involve a common strategy of thiol etching of initially polydisperse Au nanoparticles into atomically precise NCs, resulting in the release of Au-thiolate complexes as b...
Article
Full-text available
The copolymerization of melamine with 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (TAP) in an electrochemical induced polymerization process leads to the formation of molecular doped poly (triazine imide) (PTI). The polymerization is based on the electrolysis of water and evolving radicals during this process. The incorporation of TAP is shown by techniques such as e...
Preprint
The copolymerization of melamine with 2,4,6-triaminopyrimidine (TAP) in an electrochemical induced polymerization process leads to the formation of molecular doped poly (triazine imide) (PTI). The polymerization is based on the electrolysis of water and evolving radicals during this process. The incorporation of TAP is shown by techniques such as e...
Preprint
Colloidal chemistry of nanomaterials experienced a tremendous development in the last decades. In the course of the journey 0D nanoparticles, 1D nanowires, and 2D nanosheets have been synthesized. They have in common to possess a simple topology. We present a colloidal synthesis strategy for lead iodide nanorings, with a non-trivial topology. First...