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Introduction
Publications
Publications (216)
A new 5-year Common Agricultural Policy has been in place since January 2023. Like its predecessors, this new policy will fail to deliver significant climatic and environmental benefits. We show how the Green Architecture of the policy relying on the three instruments of conditionality, eco-schemes, and agri-environment and climate measures could h...
Les résultats présentés dans ce numéro d'Innovations Agronomiques sont issus du travail réalisé au cours du Programme PSDR4 (Pour et Sur le Développement Régional), entre 2015 et 2020, voire au-delà pour les productions faisant suite aux projets de recherche. Le Programme PSDR a réuni plus de 1100 chercheurs et acteurs partenaires, qui ont travaill...
L’usage des pesticides chimiques est une préoccupation sociétale majeure en raison de leurs impacts négatifs sur l’environnement et la santé. Le Programme prioritaire de recherche (PPR) « Cultiver et Protéger Autrement », piloté par INRAE, joue un rôle structurant dans l’évolution des communautés scientifiques et dans l’émergence de fronts de scien...
Reducing pesticide use has become a goal shared by several European countries and a major issue in public policies due to the negative impacts of pesticides on the environment and on human health. However, since most of the agri-food sector relies on pesticides in these countries, substantially reducing pesticide use is a complex issue. To overcome...
In France, viticulture is the production sector that uses the highest amount of glyphosate per hectare. The prospect of banning this pesticide in France, and in Europe as a whole, has led us to study the existence of alternatives to this herbicide, following article 50.2 of the European regulation 1107/2009, and to estimate the additional costs inv...
https://arxiv.org/pdf/2002.00951.pdf
Avec ce n°240, la revue Fourrages clôt 60 années de publication sur les fourrages, la prairie, leur utilisation et valorisation...Un rapide survol des articles publiés montre l’amplitude des thèmes abordés, l’évolution des axes d’étude et dessine les perspectives futures.
La revue francophone Fourrages a été conçue pour être un outil de diffusion des connaissances sur tous les aspects de la productionfourragère, y compris les connaissances émanant des acteurs du terrain. Les 2 200 articles publiés par la revue en 60 ans représententun fonds documentaire exceptionnel. Après la période de la diffusion de la Révolution...
Après avoir brossé les grands enjeux de la diversité des systèmes agri-alimentaires, ce chapitre introductif propose une synthèse des éléments de constat sur la diversité et ses drivers dans les différentes filières animales et végétales. La diversité serait plus potentielle que réelle dans de multiples filières et territoires. Celle-ci serait tout...
European agriculture is facing tremendous challenges related to the rapid decrease of farm populations, competitiveness on open markets and the preservation of natural resources on finite areas. Grasslands, which are highly significant for nature conservation, often face land-use competition with arable cropping, urbanisation and other uses. Farmer...
Diversity and structure of populations may differ substantially between morphological traits and molecular markers. Explanations of such discrepancies are crucial for further progress in breeding as well as for the maintenance of genetic resources. Our objective was to compare indices of among-cultivars differentiation for morphological traits (QST...
Fiche détaillée de l'ouvrage : http://www.quae.com/fr/r5038-diffusion-and-transfer-of-knowledge-in-agriculture.html
This book focuses on innovation in the agri-food system and the new paradigm drawn by bioeconomic approaches and principles. It draws on contributions presented during the 29th EURAGRI annual conference held in Luxemburg (September 2...
Winter wheat yield is affected not only by extreme climatic events like long-term drought or large-scale flood, but also by less severe unfavourable weather conditions that are liable to increase with future climate change. In this perspective, the goal of this paper is to assess the impacts of agricultural practices on yield robustness to unfavour...
To face increasing uncertainties, future farming systems must be sustainable not only under average conditions but also in extreme climatic and economic situations. Various concepts such as stability, robustness, vulnerability or resilience have been proposed to analyze the ability of agricultural systems to adapt to changing production conditions....
Fiche détaillée de l'ouvrage : http://www.quae.com/fr/r4975-les-pratiques-agricoles-a-la-loupe.html
Cet ouvrage analyse les impacts des pratiques agricoles sur les performances productives, économiques, environnementales et sociales de l’agriculture française métropolitaine. Des modalités de travail du sol aux pratiques de fertilisation et protect...
Intervention présentée aux Journées de l'AFPF, "Le pâturage au coeur des systèmes d'élevage de demain", les 21 et 22 mars 2017
Global warming and price volatility are increasing uncertainty for the future of agriculture. Therefore, agricultural systems must be sustainable not only under average conditions, but also under extreme changes of productivity, economy, environment and social context. Here, we review four concepts: stability, robustness, vulnerability and resilien...
The context of increasing uncertainty for the farmers (global warming, price volatility …) defines major challenges for agronomic research. We have to design both sustainable and robust agricultural systems, i.e. systems that combine economic, environmental and social performances in a wide range of exogenous constraints. As a consequence, characte...
Que savons-nous des apports et du potentiel des légumineuses vis-à-vis de la durabilité des systèmes agricoles et alimentaires ? Comment les utiliser pour réduire les dommages et maximiser les bénéfices sur l’environnement, l’agriculture et l’homme ? Si l’on souhaite exploiter leurs atouts, il est indispensable de mieux cerner leurs spécificités et...
Avant-propos
Introduction
Une approche agroécologique pour tendre plus facilement à des agrosystèmes durables
Les enjeux de la durabilité
La fonction d’approvisionnement de l’agriculture
Les légumineuses comme porte d’entrée d’azote symbiotique dans les systèmes
Penser au-delà de l’azote
Le contexte national et le besoin d’innovations
Analyser les...
Following the bidding by the General Commission for Future Strategy of the French government, INRA has analyzed the different evolutions possible in French practices and agriculture systems towards a more sustainable production that manages to combine productive, economic, environmental and social performances. A method to help design and evaluatin...
Following the bidding by the General Commission for Future Strategy of the French government, INRA has analyzed the different evolutions possible in French practices and agriculture systems towards a more sustainable production that manages to combine productive, economic, environmental and social performances. A method to help design and evaluatin...
Following the bidding by the General Commission for Future Strategy of the French government, INRA has analyzed the different evolutions possible in French practices and agriculture systems towards a more sustainable production that manages to combine productive, economic, environmental and social performances. A method to help design and evaluatin...
Following the bidding by the General Commission for Future Strategy of the French government, INRA has analyzed the different evolutions possible in French practices and agriculture systems towards a more sustainable production that manages to combine productive, economic, environmental and social performances. A method to help design and evaluatin...
In order to promote sustainable and competitive ruminant production systems, the European Multisward project was aimed at improving farmer trust in grassland and grassland mixtures. A questionnaire on grassland functions was submitted in eight languages, in order to better understand the importance of grassland functions for all the stakeholders in...
In order to promote sustainable and competitive ruminant production systems, the European Multisward project was aimed at improving farmer trust in grassland and grassland mixtures. A questionnaire on grassland functions was submitted in eight languages, in order to better understand the importance of grassland functions for all the stakeholders in...
The European project Multisward (http://www.multisward.eu/multisward_eng/) aims at supporting developments and innovations in grassland use and management in different European farming systems (including low-input and organic farming systems), pedoclimatic and socio-economic conditions i) to enhance the role of grasslands at farm and landscape leve...
In a global context of change, a wealth of new initiatives are being implemented at all levels of the agricultural sector The 7 examples presented in this article illustrate the diversity and creativity of these new initiatives. Although they emanate from different players, they share in common a systemic approach and a dynamic of co-conception. St...
La luzerne, espèce allogame et autotétraploïde, est une légumineuse fourragère dont l’intérêt connaît un renouveau certain grâce à ses atouts pour le développement durable de l’agriculture. L’amélioration des variétés nécessite de mieux connaître les ressources génétiques, pour les exploiter, que ce soit en sélection classique ou en utilisant les o...
Alfalfa is a forage legume for which vegetative biomass (stems and leaves) is harvested. Lignification of the oldest internodes of the stems contributes to reduced stem digestion by ruminants, but also glucose recovery in bio—fuel production. We described and quantified morphological and histological structure of the stem of two genotypes. At the t...
One way of preventing crop weeds is to reduce soil seed banks. Does introducing a perennial plant cover in a crop rotation system help reduce soil seed bank and weed density in subsequent crops? In order to answer this question, a Tall fescue perennial cover was introduced in a crop rotation system. Changes in soil seed bank were determined by coun...
One way of preventing crop weeds is to reduce soil seed banks. Does introducing a perennial plant cover in a crop rotation system help reduce soil seed bank and weed density in subsequent crops? In order to answer this question, a Tall fescue perennial cover was introduced in a crop rotation system. Changes in soil seed bank were determined by coun...
Association studies are of great interest to identify genes explaining trait variation since they deal with more than just a few alleles like classical QTL analyses. They are usually performed using collections representing a wide range of variability but which could present a genetic substructure. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that assoc...
Information on the adaptation of germplasm pools to specific agroclimatic conditions is essential for ensuring high genetic
progress while broadening the genetic base of breeding programmes. This study aimed to provide an ecological classification
of global white lupin (Lupinus albus L.) landrace genetic resources on the basis of their adaptation p...
Crop and animal husbandry are facing to-day challenges by new functions arising from the quest for a sustainable development. This is a synthesis of the papers presented at the meeting of the AFPF (French Grassland Society), with an emphasis on the new utilizations that are appearing, and it invites to contemplate new prospects for the grassland ar...
Flowering is a critical period during a plant’s life cycle, and thus the identification and characterization of genes involved
in flowering date control are of great importance in agronomy, breeding, population genetics and ecology. The model species
Medicago truncatula can be used to detect genes explaining the variation for flowering date, which...
In a first part, the paper will present the socio-economic context of grasslands and forage crops in France over the last decades. The grasslands and forage crops contribute 45% of the total French arable land. Variation in acreage of the various types of soil covers in the various regions will be presented with a special attention to temporary gra...
The agronomic value of grasslands tends to decrease over time, leading to the need for repeated ploughing and resowing, which cause long term environmental damage. In order to extend the time during which grasslands are productive, we must understand the causes for this decline. Changes in population genetic structure of agronomic grasses due to th...
The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of an increased genetic diversity on forage production of perennial ryegrass
(Lolium perenne L.), increasing genetic diversity being achieved by mixtures of varieties. Mixtures of varieties with similar or different
heading dates were sown in 2003 in a micro-plot experiment conducted at INRA of Lusig...
To improve on the time-consuming manual method often used to determine botanical composition of grasslands, near infrared
reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to predict the proportion of each family (grass vs. legume) and also the proportion
of each species in grass or grass-legume forage mixtures. Samples were collected in multispecies sown s...
Luzerne références. Edition 2009-2012
L'agriculture et l'élevage sont aujourd'hui interpellés pour prendre en compte de nouvelles fonctions au service d’un développement durable. Cette synthèse des interventions présentées lors des Journées AFPF souligne les nouveaux usages qui se profilent et invite à considérer surfaces prairiales et espèces fourragères avec d'autres perspectives. Le...
La fourniture de protéines de bonne valeur est indispensable à la croissance et à la production des ruminants. De nombreuses espèces de légumineuses fourragères, adaptées au climat tempéré, ont des potentialités élevées de production de protéines, sans apport d’engrais azotés de synthèse. Les espèces les plus productives et les plus utilisées, comm...
Aim We assessed the relative contribution of ploidy‐level variation and adaptive trait diversity to the diversity of taxon realized niches in a plant lineage with several ploidy levels.
Location A large number of sites covering a wide range of environmental conditions in France.
Methods Our material comprised a collection of populations from severa...
The genetic improvement of the feeding value of perennial forage grasses and legumes is of great importance in the breeding and the utilization of these species, both as pure crops and in mixtures; account is taken of it by the breeders and in the process of cultivar registration. This paper is focused on the protein value and the energy value, whi...
The agronomic value of grasslands tends to decrease over time, leading to the need for repeated ploughing and resowing, which cause long term environmental damage. In order to extend the time during which grasslands are productive, we must understand the causes for this decline. Changes in population genetic structure of agronomic grasses due to th...
To improve on the time-consuming manual method often used to determine botanical composition of grasslands, near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to predict the proportion of each family (grass vs. legume) and also the proportion of each species in grass or grass-legume forage mixtures. Samples were collected in multispecies sown s...
In a first part, the paper will present the socio-economic context of grasslands and forage crops in France over the last decades. The grasslands and forage crops contribute 45% of the total French arable land. Variation in acreage of the various types of soil covers in the various regions will be presented with a special attention to temporary gra...
The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of an increased genetic diversity on forage production of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), increasing genetic diversity being achieved by mixtures of varieties. Mixtures of varieties with similar or different heading dates were sown in 2003 in a micro-plot experiment conducted at INRA of Lusig...
Grasslands and forage crops are a main component of the French agricultural area. They provide herbivore herds feed, thus contributing to a major economic sector. Analysis of environmental functions shows that grasslands significantly reduce soil erosion and limit nitrogen loss under adequate management. They may also reduce fossil energy consumpti...
L’amélioration génétique de la valeur alimentaire des graminées et légumineuses fourragères pérennes constitue un enjeu important pour la sélection et l’utilisation de ces espèces, à la fois en culture pure et en mélanges. Elle est prise en compte en sélection et lors de l’inscription des variétés, simultanément à la production de biomasse et la ré...
Adaptation to the environment and reproduction are dependent on the date of flowering in the season. The objectives of this paper were to evaluate the effect of photoperiod on flowering date of the model species for legume crops, Medicago truncatula and to describe genetic architecture of this trait in multiple mapping populations. The effect of ph...
Sexual reproduction and seedling recruitment are likely to influence sward dynamics and demography of grasslands whose most species show the ability of vegetative propagation. Successful seedling recruitment may be limited by seed resource and/or availability of establishment sites. There are several steps from adult plants to well-established seed...
The proportion of pod walls is considered as a potential selection criterion for seed yield in white lupin. It has a negative and highly significant phenotypic relationship with the seed yield and the genetic correlation between both traits is negative and high. The present study over 2 years (1996 and 1998) evaluated the genetic variation of propo...
The relationship between specific diversity and the productivity of pastures (both leys and permanent pastures) has lately been often studied, from the agricultural as well as from the ecological point of view. The present bibliographic synthesis should facilitate the comprehension of the factors involved in this relationship. The studies analysed...
Several studies have shown that when the diversity of species increases in pasture swards, the forage production is larger and the weeds less abundant. This hypothesis was tested in a trial with 25 micro-plots comprising mixtures of grasses or grass-legume associations, where the initial diversity varied from 1 to 8 species. These micro-plots were...
The effect of feeding grain sorghum silage, sweet sorghum silage, and corn silage on intake, milk production, milk composition, and nutrient digestibility of lactation dairy cows was evaluated. Twenty-four Prim'Holstein (PO) cows were used, forming three groups of eight cows each. The experimental treatments were: 1) corn silage; 2) grain sorghum s...
The effect of feeding grain sorghum silage, sweet sorghum silage, and corn silage on intake, milk production, milk composition, and nutrient digestibility of lactation dairy cows was evaluated. Twenty-four Prim' Holstein (PO) cows were used, forming three groups of eight cows each. The experimental treatments were: 1) corn silage; 2) grain sorghum...
Experiments at Rothamsted in the UK and Lusignan in France examined the effect of artificially modifying plant structure on the yield and date of harvest of indeterminate autumn-sown cultivars of Lupinus albus. Experiments in 1989/90 were done on the cv. Lugel at Rothamsted and those in 1990/91 on the cvs Lugel and Lunoble in both the UK and France...
Comme l'annoncent plusieurs études, l'augmentation de la diversité spécifique des couverts prairiaux permet-elle une augmentation de la production fourragère et un moindre salissement par les adventices ? Un dispositif mis en place à Lusignan fournit des éléments de réponse. Ce dispositif en microparcelles est composé de 25 couverts avec une divers...
La relation entre diversité spécifique et productivité en prairies a été récemment l'objet de nombreuses recherches en agronomie et en écologie. Cette synthèse bibliographique permet de mieux comprendre les variables (espèces, conditions de milieu et pratiques
) qui conditionnent la relation. Ces travaux montrent qu'une augmentation de la diversité...
La première conséquence attendue du réchauffement climatique dans les années à venir est l'accentuation de la sécheresse estivale accompagnée d'un raccourcissement de la durée des cycles des cultures. L'année 2005, marquée par un déficit hydrique record dans l'ouest de la France, procure des informations sur le comportement de prairies semées à com...
Synthetic varieties obtained after three to four panmictic generations are variable, not structured and so can be used for association studies. The pattern of linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay determines whether a genome scan or a candidate gene approach can be used for an association study between genotype and phenotype. Our goal was to evaluate t...
Identification of genome regions controlling quantitative trait variations is generally obtained from QTL analyses on mapping populations exhibiting a low allelic diversity. An alternative approach would be association studies using collections of individuals. Any structure of these collections would hinder detection of associations. An ideal plant...
In many legume crops, especially in forage legumes, aerial morphogenesis defined as growth and development of plant organs, is an essential trait as it determines plant and seed biomass as well as forage quality (protein concentration, dry matter digestibility). Medicago truncatula is a model species for legume crops. A set of 29 accessions of M. t...
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is an autotetraploid, allogamous and heterozygous species whose cultivars are synthetic populations. The breeders apply selection pressure for some agronomic traits within a breeding pool to increase the frequency of favorable individuals. The objective of this study was to investigate the differentiation level among seven...