Chris Patterson

• Doctor of Philosophy
• Queen's University Belfast

Mental health disorders are the leading cause of ill-health and disability, with depression and anxiety being among the most prevalent ⁽¹⁾ . There is a growing body of evidence to indicate that optimal nutrition can help to promote better mental health, while suboptimal dietary patterns or status of specific nutrients have been associated with a gr...

Purpose This study examined the influence of a pregnancy and postnatal multicomponent lifestyle intervention for women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) and overweight/obesity from 6 weeks to 12 months postnatal. The primary outcome was weight at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included change in body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC)...

Background Increasing fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk in observational studies but with little evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The impact of concurrent pharmacological therapy is unknown. Objective To pool data from six RCTs to examine the effect of increasing FV intake...

Background Nutritional influences, and antioxidant status in particular, have been implicated in the aetiology of cognitive decline. This study investigated the neuroprotective effects of serum antioxidants in a prospective cohort of older men to identify associations with cognitive outcomes, independent of traditional risk factors. Method This co...

Background Periodontitis (gum disease) is a is a chronic inflammatory disorder. Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Aggregatibacter actinomyecetemcomitans (Aa), and Treponema denticola (Td) are the most common periodontal pathogens. Evidence of a longitudinal association between periodontitis and dementia is currently lacking....

Background Hand grip strength is a well validated measure of physical strength, while anthropometric measures such as weight, waist, hip and mid upper arm circumference, are well validated to determine physical health. The present analysis investigated the relationship between hand grip strength, anthropometric measures and dementia incidence in 70...

Background Measurement of hand grip strength is a validated measure of physical strength. While anthropometric measurements including waist, hip and mid-upper-arm circumference, are validated for physical health. Evidence has suggested grip strength and anthropometrics to be associated with cognitive impairment and dementia. The relationship betwee...

Increased albuminuria indicates underlying glomerular pathology and is associated with worse renal disease outcomes, especially in diabetic kidney disease. Many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), associated with albuminuria, could be potentially useful to construct polygenic risk scores (PRSs) for kidney disease. We investigated the diagnostic...

Objectives: To estimate the incidence rate and analyse the trend in type 1 diabetes among children aged 0-14 years in the West, South, and Tripoli regions of Libya. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on Libyan children aged 0-14 years with a new diagnosis of type 1 diabetes who were admitted and/or had their follow-up at Tripoli Childr...

Type 2 diabetes is associated with raised risk of several cancers, but for type 1 diabetes risk data are fewer and inconsistent We assembled a cohort of 23 473 UK patients with insulin‐treated diabetes diagnosed at ages <30, almost all of whom will have had type 1 diabetes, and for comparison 5058 diagnosed at ages 30 to 49, of whom we estimate two...

Aim: To investigate whether there is an association between subgingival microbial diversity and reduced respiratory function. Materials and methods: A group of dentate 58-72-year-old men in Northern Ireland had a comprehensive periodontal examination including subgingival plaque sampling. DNA was extracted from plaque samples and the V1-V3 regio...

Objective: Osteoporosis is a global health issue, and modifiable behavioural factors need to be identified in childhood to reduce the risk of osteoporosis in later life. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of diet and physical activity on bone density of children aged 5-7 years participating in the Belfast Hyperglycaemia and Adv...

Background: The global epidemic of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity has been translated into pregnancy, with approximately 18% of women being diagnosed worldwide with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM). Whilst preventive strategies have proven effective in the non-pregnant context, attrition rates are high and there is an urgent need to develop...

Aims: To describe type 1 diabetes incidence in Scotland between 2006 and 2019. Methods: Repeated annual cross-sectional studies of type 1 diabetes incidence were conducted. Incident cases were identified from the Scottish Care Information - Diabetes Collaboration (SCI-DC), a population-based register of people with diagnosed diabetes derived fro...

Background Oxidative stress and chronic inflammation have been demonstrated to contribute to cognitive decline in older age and the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Antioxidants have been revealed to help mitigate the effects of the damage caused by oxidative stress and inflammation, but their relationship with cognitive decline is not y...

AimsSpecific patterns in incidence may reveal environmental explanations for type 1 diabetes incidence. We aimed to study type 1 diabetes incidence in European childhood populations to assess whether an increase could be attributed to either period or cohort effects.Methods Nineteen EURODIAB centres provided single year incidence data for ages 0–14...

Background Historically, high levels of morbidity and mortality have been associated with cardiovascular disease in the Northern Ireland population. Previously reported associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and cardiovascular disease within other populations have not always been consistent. Objective To investigate associatio...

Aim: To explore the relationships between carbohydrate intake, body mass index and glycaemic control (HbA1c) in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) METHODS: Secondary analysis of data was undertaken to assess dietary intake in a cohort of women who participated in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) of antioxidant supplementation t...

Aims We aimed to conduct a systematic review of published studies on the incidence of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents aged under 20 years and provide worldwide incidence estimates for 2021. Methods We used MEDLINE and EMBASE to identify studies reporting type 2 diabetes incidence in children and adolescents published between Jan 2000 a...

Aims/hypothesis Data on type 1 diabetes incidence and prevalence are limited, particularly for adults. This study aims to estimate global numbers of incident and prevalent cases of type 1 diabetes in 2017 for all age groups, by country and areas defined by income and region. Methods Incidence rates of type 1 diabetes in children (available from 94...

Background Type 1 diabetes (T1D) incidence in children and adolescents varies widely, and is increasing in many nations. The 10th edition of the International Diabetes Federation Atlas estimated incident cases in 2021 for 215 countries/territories (“countries”). Methods Studies on T1D incidence for young people aged 0–19 years were sourced and gra...

Aims/hypothesis Data on type 1 diabetes incidence and prevalence are limited, particularly for adults. This study aims to estimate global numbers of incident and prevalent cases of type 1 diabetes in 2017 for all age groups, by country and areas defined by income and region. Methods Incidence rates of type 1 diabetes in children (available from 94...

Adhering to a Mediterranean Diet (MD) is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. This study aimed to explore methods of increasing MD adoption in a non-Mediterranean population at high risk of CVD, including assessing the feasibility of a developed peer support intervention. The Trial to Encourage Adoption and Maintenance of a ME...

Background The main underlying risk factors associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) are modifiable and oxidative injury and systemic inflammatory damage represent key aetiological factors associated with the development and progression of CHD and premature mortality. Objective To examine associations of plasma antioxidant status with all-caus...

Objective The aim was to investigate the role of systemic inflammation in the relationship between periodontitis, edentulism and all-cause mortality in a group of men in Northern Ireland aged 58–72 years. Methods A representative sample of 1558 men had a detailed dental examination between 2001 and 2003. The primary end point was death from any ca...

Objective: To investigate the level of diabetic retinopathy in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients attending the University of Gondar Hospital (UGH) Diabetic Clinic, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: An audit was carried out involving a total of 739 T2DM patients attending at the diabetic clinic of UGH. They represented approximately 90% and 50% of all T...

Background Greater adherence to a Mediterranean Diet (MD) has been associated with reduced cognitive decline and dementia risk. The Prospective Epidemiological Study of Myocardial Infarction (PRIME) recruited 10,600 European male participants between 1991 and 1993 aged 50‐59 years. The aim of this study was to examine the association between adhere...

A subset of individuals with type 1 diabetes will develop diabetic kidney disease (DKD). DKD is heritable and large-scale genome-wide association studies have begun to identify genetic factors that influence DKD. Complementary to genetic factors, we know that a person’s epigenetic profile is also altered with DKD. This study reports analysis of DNA...

Objective: To investigate periodontitis as a risk factor for prevalent and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in a group of middle-aged men from Northern Ireland. Methods: A representative sample of 1400 dentate men had a comprehensive periodontal examination between 2001 and 2003. Prevalent and incident CHD events were validated by independe...

Previously, variation in retinal vascular caliber has been reported in association with chronic kidney disease (CKD) but findings remain inconsistent. To help clarify this we conducted individual participant data meta-analysis and aggregate data meta-analysis on summary estimates to evaluate cross-sectional associations between retinal vascular cal...

Increased fruit and vegetable (FV) intake is associated with reduced blood pressure (BP). However, it is not clear whether the effect of FV on BP depends on the type of FV consumed. Furthermore, there is limited research regarding the comparative effect of juices or whole FV on BP. Baseline data from a prospective cohort study of 10 660 men aged 50...

Objective: Few interventions have tested the effects of different alcohol types on cardiovascular risk biomarkers. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of red wine versus vodka on inflammatory and vascular health-related biomarkers. Methods: In a crossover study, participants were randomized to receive either red wine or vodka (3 un...

Background There are limited data on performance of biomarkers to predict pre-eclampsia (PE) in high-risk women. This study investigated the ability of FABP4, PAPP-A, PlGF, sFlt-1 and sEng to predict PE in a high-risk group. Methods Non-fasting samples were analysed at 11 + 0–13 + 6 (V1) and 19 + 0–21 + 6 weeks (V2) ( n = 195). Logistic regression...

Background Caesarean section (CS) has been associated with an increased risk of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The lack of exposure to maternal vaginal and anal microbiome and bypassing the labor process often observed in elective CS may affect neonatal immune system development. This study aims to summarize the effects of elective and non-elective CS on T...

Aims: This article describes the methods, results and limitations of the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Diabetes Atlas 9th edition estimates of worldwide numbers of cases of type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents. Methods: Most information in the published literature is in the form of incidence rates derived from registers of newly...

Background Increasing physical activity in the workplace can provide physical and mental health benefits for employees and economic benefits for the employer through reduced absenteeism and increased productivity. However, there is limited evidence on effective behaviour change interventions in workplace settings that led to maintained physical act...

Objective: Mild iodine deficiency has re-emerged among school girls in the UK. We wished to study a contemporaneous pregnant population because a relationship between maternal iodine deficiency and offspring cognitive scores has recently been reported. The WHO have set a median population urinary iodine concentration (UIC) of ≥ 100 and ≥ 150 μg/L...

Objectives: Adults with poor oral health have been shown to consume poorer quality diets with lower intakes of fibre and protein; reporting difficulty consuming foods that are components of a Mediterranean Diet (MD) such as nuts and fruit1,2,3. The aim of this analysis was to analyse data from a 12-month pilot cluster randomised study evaluating a...

Background: Investigating participant engagement and nonusage attrition can help identify the likely active ingredients of electronic health interventions. Research on engagement can identify which intervention components predict health outcomes. Research on nonusage attrition is important to make recommendations for retaining participants in futu...

Aims/hypothesis: Against a background of a near-universally increasing incidence of childhood type 1 diabetes, recent reports from some countries suggest a slowing in this increase. Occasional reports also describe cyclical variations in incidence, with periodicities of between 4 and 6 years. Methods: Age/sex-standardised incidence rates for the...

Objective To investigate whether there was an association between chronic periodontitis and reduced respiratory function. Methods A group of dentate 58‐72 year‐old men in Northern Ireland had a comprehensive periodontal examination. Parallel to the periodontal examination, participants completed questionnaires gathering information on their medica...

The association between dietary patterns (DP) and prevalence of hearing loss in men enrolled in the Caerphilly Prospective Study was investigated. During 1979–1983, the study recruited 2512 men aged 45–59 years. At baseline, dietary data were collected using a semi-quantitative FFQ, and a 7-d weighed food intake (WI) in a 30 % subsample. Five years...

Aim To examine, in a proof‐of‐concept study, the ability of visceral adipose tissue depth and subcutaneous fat depth measured in early pregnancy to predict subsequent gestational diabetes, and to assess the performance of these measures as screening tests for gestational diabetes compared with use of the current UK criteria. Methods A total of 100...

Background We evaluated the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a loyalty scheme based intervention involving rewards for increasing physical activity in public sector employees. Methods A cluster randomised wait-list controlled trial in public sector organisations in Northern Ireland. We randomly assigned clusters (1:1) using a computer gener...

Background The workplace is ideal to encourage habitual physical activity, but little evidence exists on effective behaviour change interventions that lead to sustained behaviour. We aimed to address this gap by evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a loyalty-based intervention on physical activity in public sector employees. Meth...

Association between overall fruit and vegetable intake, and fruit and vegetable sub-types and blood pressure: the PRIME study - Volume 77 Issue OCE3 - N.A. Elsahoryi, C.C. Patterson, D. Arveiler, P. Amouyel, J. Ferrières, F. Kee, A. Evans, A. Bingham, P. Ducimetière, J.W.G. Yarnell, J.V. Woodside

Does self-perceived oral health status have an impact on nutrient intake amongst adults at a high risk of cardiovascular disease in Northern Ireland? - Volume 77 Issue OCE3 - S.M. Wallace, R. O'Neill, L. McGowan, C. McEvoy, G. McKenna, M. McKinley, M. Cupples, C. Patterson, I. Young, F. Kee, J.V. Woodside

Objective The re‐emergence of iodine deficiency in the UK has recently been reported in a large cohort of teenage girls including from Northern Ireland (NI) using the gold standard spot urinary iodine concentration. We wished to explore and confirm this by analysing neonatal thyroid stimulating hormone (nTSH) levels in the NI population. Design We...

Objective: To assess ability of first and second trimester Placental Vascularization Indices (PVIs) to predict pre-eclampsia (PE) in high-risk pregnancies. Method: PVIs derived from 3-Dimensional power Doppler imaging were measured at 11+0-13 + 6 (n = 194) and 19+0-21 + 6 weeks (n = 195). Logistic regression (LR) models used PE as the outcome. T...

Context Obesity is a global epidemic, and there is a focus on identifying markers of obesity in children with a view to prevention. Objective We aimed to prospectively examine the association of maternal fasting lipids with adiposity in 5-7-year old offspring in a large observational study. Design 1612 pregnant women were recruited to the Belfast...

Vitamin D deficiency is a common occurrence globally, and particularly so in pregnancy. There is conflicting evidence regarding the role of vitamin D during pregnancy in non-skeletal health outcomes for both the mother and the neonate. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of maternal total 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25OHD) with neon...

BACKGROUND Investigating participant engagement and nonusage attrition can help identify the likely active ingredients of electronic health interventions. Research on engagement can identify which intervention components predict health outcomes. Research on nonusage attrition is important to make recommendations for retaining participants in future...

Adoption of a Mediterranean diet (MD) reduces cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, interventions to achieve dietary behaviour change are typically resource intensive. Peer support offers a potentially low-cost approach to encourage dietary change. The primary objective of this randomised controlled trial is to explore the feasibility of peer...

Aims: To determine which of 3 methods of cup insertion most accurately achieved a target apparent operative inclination (AOI) of 35° ± 2.5°: (1) Freehand; (2) Modified Mechanical Alignment Guide (MAG); or (3) Digital Inclinometer assisted. Methods: Using a cementless cup via a posterior approach in lateral decubitus 270 participants were recruit...

Introduction: The study aims were to identify the incidence of pelvic adduction during total hip arthroplasty (THA) in lateral decubitus and to determine, when aiming for 35° of apparent operative inclination (AOI), which of 3 operating table positions most accurately obtained a target radiographic inclination (RI) of 42°: (1) horizontal; (2) 7° h...

Background Regular physical activity is important for maintaining physical and mental health. Benefits are optimized when physical activity is maintained. Understanding causal mechanisms is important to inform future interventions. Purpose To investigate mediators of physical activity maintenance. Methods Six databases were searched (Medline, EMB...

Objectives After 20 years of data collection, pregnancy registers have informed prescribing practice. Various populations show trends for a reduction in valproate prescribing, which is associated with an increased risk of anatomical teratogenesis and neurodevelopmental effects in those exposed in utero. Our aim was to determine if any shifts in pre...

Aims: To measure total 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in women in mid-pregnancy who participated in the Belfast centre of the Hyperglycaemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) observational study, and to investigate the associations between levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and markers of gestational diabetes mellitus and lipid biomarkers. Methods: A...

Background: Treatment of severe asthma may include high dose systemic-corticosteroid therapy which is associated with substantial comorbidity. There is evidence to suggest that this burden is not evenly distributed across age, gender and corticosteroid exposure levels. Objective: Examine the associations between age, gender, comorbidity, and pat...

Objective To examine the long-term predictive value of 28 biomarkers for subsequent non-ischaemic congestive heart failure (CHF) and separately for other cardiovascular outcomes (myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke). Methods The Caerphilly Prospective Study recruited 2171 men aged 55–69 years from the general population in 1989–1993; men were sc...

Aims/hypothesis: The incidence of pre-eclampsia, a multisystem disorder of pregnancy, is fourfold higher in type 1 diabetic than non-diabetic women; it is also increased in women with features of the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. In a prospective study of pregnant women with type 1 diabetes, we measured plasma levels of adipokines kno...

Background: Physical activity (PA) interventions are generally effective in supporting short-term behaviour change, but increases are not always maintained. This review examined the effectiveness of PA interventions for behaviour change maintenance in young and middle-aged adults, and investigated which Behaviour Change Techniques (BCTs) and other...

Objectives To compare the cost-effectiveness (CE) of the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) 2015 and the WHO 2013 diagnostic thresholds for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Setting The analysis was from the perspective of the National Health Service in England and Wales. Participants 6221 patients from four of the Hyperg...