Chris Malumphy

Fera Science Limited, York, United Kingdom

Invasive scale insects are reported for the first time feeding on the threatened endemic Kiaerskov's lidflower Calyptranthes kiaerskovii and Thomas' lidflower Calyptranthes thomasiana (Myrtaceae) in the British Virgin Islands (BVI). Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock, Ceroplastes rubens Maskell, Paratachardina pseudolobata Kondo & Gullan and an undet...

Hydrangea scale Pulvinaria hydrangeae Steinweden, is a sap sucking insect found on a wide range of plants but primarily Hydrangea. It became established in Britain in the late 1980’s and has since become widespread in England and has a scattered distribution in Scotland and Wales. The distribution, identification, life cycle, host range and plant d...

This report is an account of the UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs) Programme of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (Kew) expedition to the Puerto Rican Bank (Puerto Rico (PR) and the British Virgin Islands (BVI), collectively PRVI) undertaken from 02 February to 18 March 2017. The PRVI visit was undertaken to 1 collect vouchers and baseline, phenotypic,...

Fresh Annona fruit is imported into England from tropical and subtropical areas of Africa, Asia, the Middle East, North and South America and the Caribbean. The most speciose group of arthropods intercepted on fresh Annona fruit in England are the scale insects (Hemiptera; Coccoidea) and the largest biodiversity of coccoids has been found on fruit...

The highly invasive Nearctic pine tortoise scale (Toumeyella parvicornis (Cockerell)) has devastated the pine forests of the Turks and Caicos Islands and there are now relatively few live Caicos pine trees remaining. In order to understand the rapid spread of the insect and confirm anecdotal evidence of wind dispersal of the first instar or crawler...

Kuwanaspis howardi (Cooley) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) is a scale insect native to East Asia that feeds on bamboo. A large infestation of K. howardi was found in January 2015 at the Royal Horticultural Society’s Garden, Wisley, Surrey, on mature Fargesia nitida (Chinese Fountain Bamboo) plants that were planted in 1988. Kuwanaspis howardi has previou...

Six non-native species of scale insect (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) are recorded for the first time from Belgium. All were collected outdoors in Brussels during September 2015 and May 2016: Antonina socialis Newstead was found on ?Phyllostachys sp.; Diaspidiotus osborni (Newell & Cockerell) on Fagus sylvatica; Pseudococcus calceolariae (Maskell) on Wiste...

The presence of Alluaud’s Little Yellow Ant Plagiolepis alluaudi Emery (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Britain is confirmed. Groups of workers of this ant were found in November 2015, attending Brown Soft Scale Coccus hesperidum L. and other scale insect species at the Stratford-upon-Avon Butterfly Farm, Warwickshire; and in March 2016, at the ZSL Lon...

Abstract Collection data on nine species of whitefly collected in the coastal and central regions of Montenegro during October 2012 are presented. Three species are recorded from Montenegro for the first time: Aleuroclava aucubae (Kuwana), Aleurotuba jelinekii (Frauenfeld) and Bemisia afer (Priesner & Hosny) complex. Two of the species, A. aucubae...

In October 2014 a population of Phenacoccus peruvianus Granara de Willink 2007 mealybugs was found infesting sweet pepper varieties in a glasshouse located in Vienna (Simmering). Most of the mealybugs inhabited the lower surfaces of the leaves, a few could also be found on stems and on fruits near the calyx. Much of the foliage was covered with hon...

The Caicos pine Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis is endemic to the Turks and Caicos Islands (TCI) and the Bahamas, where it is the dominant species in the pine forest ecosystem. Pine forests in TCI cover only 13km2 and have been under severe threat of extinction in the past decade. A severe infestation by the non-native and pine-specific pine tortois...

Varronia rupicola is a Critically Endangered shrub in the Boraginaceae family endemic to the Puerto Rican Bank in the Caribbean. The species has a very restricted range of distribution as it is only found in isolated areas of western Puerto Rico (PR), southern Vieques and the low-lying island of Anegada in the British Virgin Islands. Very little is...

Since its conception, DNA barcoding has seen a rapid uptake within the research community. Nevertheless, as with many new scientific tools, progression towards the point of routine deployment within diagnostic laboratories has been slow. In this paper, we discuss the application of DNA barcoding in the Defra plant health diagnostic laboratories, wh...

Climate change, unseasonal fire and urbanization are contributing to the decline of Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis populations in the Turks and Caicos Islands (TCI). Infestation of pines with the invasive pine tortoise scale (PTS, Toumeyella parvicornis) is accelerating this decline. Pine trees in the Bahamas are larger and healthier and are not in...

Fresh pineapple, Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. fruits are regularly imported into England and Wales from the tropics, mostly from Costa Rica and Ghana. Thirty-six species of arthropods have been intercepted on this commodity, which is low compared to other types of imported tropical produce; furthermore, pineapple is unusual in that the majority (64%)...

Five invasive mealybug species are recorded for the first time from Ascension Island: Antonina graminis (Maskell) was collected from Cyperus appendiculatus; Chorizococcus rostellum (Lobdell) from Sporobolus caespitosus; Dysmicoccus brevipes (Cockerell) from C. appendiculatus; Phenacoccus solani Ferris from Euphorbia origanoides and Portulaca olerac...

The mealybug Trionymus bambusae (Green, 1922) is reported for the first time from Britain. It was collected in April 2014 from containerised ornamental bamboo plants belonging to Borinda sp. and Thamnocalamus sp. (Poaceae) at a commercial nursery in Shropshire. Most of the affected plants had been at the nursery for five years and control measures...

In October 2013, orange spiny whitefly Aleurocanthus spiniferus (Quaintance) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was detected for the first time in Montenegro. It was found in citrus orchards in Baošići (orange and mandarin), Herceg Novi (mandarin) and Kumbor (orange), in an area of Boka Kotor Bay on the Adriatic Sea (latitude 42° 26’ north). A. spiniferus is...

An annotated list of 83 scale insect species (Hemiptera: Sterorrhyncha: Coccoidea) recorded from Saint Lucia is presented, based on data gathered from UK quarantine interceptions, samples collected in an urban coastal habitat in the North West of the Island in 2013, and published records. Thirty-three species (400 o) are recorded for the first time...

Synopsis Collection data for three species of exotic jumping plant-lice assigned to the genus Acizzia recorded in Britain are reviewed. Since 1990, A. uncatoides (Ferris & Klyver) has been found breeding on Acacia spp. and Paraserianthes lophantha (= Albizia lophantha) growing in private and public gardens in Cornwall, London, Norfolk, Suffolk and...

The morphology of the adult female pittosporum pit scale, Planchonia arabidis, a commonly encountered sap-feeding insect in Europe, is described and illustrated, based on material collected from southern Italy on Pittosporum tobira. Histopatholog-ical observations are made for the first time on the aforementioned host-plant on which typical pit gal...

The mealybug Chryseococcus arecae (Maskell) is reported for the first time from Europe. It was collected from the roots of Meconopsis spp. hybrid clones (Papaveraceae) in Sheriffmuir, Dunblane, Perthshire, Scotland, in September 2012, and subsequently at the same locality on the roots of Meconopsis grandis Prain and Primula chungensis Balf. f. & Ki...

In the autumn of 2008 a large infestation of an undescribed species of felt scale (Hemiptera: Eriococcidae) was observed on a single Leptospermum sp. plant growing outdoors in a private garden in Essex, England. The insect was subsequently described in 2010 as Acanthococcus mariannae Pellizzari from specimens collected from Manuka plants (Leptosper...

Fiorinia coronata Williams & Watson (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) is a polyphagous scale insect native to South East Asia. A large infestation of F. coronata was found on a mature potted Arundinaria sp. (bamboo plant) imported from Thailand, indoors at a restaurant in South Yorkshire, in June 2003. It has also been intercepted by the Plant Health and Se...

The results of the investigation of whiteflies (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania during August 2012, and Estonia during November 2006, are presented. The rhododendron whitefly Massilieurodes chittendeni (Laing), an Asian pest of Rhododendron, was recorded from the Baltic States for the first time; large populations being fou...

32 Irish Naturalists’ Journal Vol. 32 Part 1 A review of the Irish scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) *James P. O’Connor1, Carl-Axel Gertsson2 and Chris Malumphy3 1National Museum of Ireland – Natural History, Merrion Street, Dublin 2 2Murarevägen 13, SE-227 30 Lund, Sweden 3The Food and Environment Research Agency, Sand Hutton, York YO41 1LZ, U....

The results of an investigation of scale insects (Hemiptera, Coccoidea) in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania are presented.The majority of samples were collected during 10 days in August 2012; further data is included based on samples collected from Estonia in November 2006, and Lithuania in January 2011 and July 2012. The following are new country rec...

Albizia psyllid, Acizzia jamatonica (Kuwayama), and red gum lerp psyllid, Glycaspis brimblecombei Moore, were found in Montenegro for the first time during 2009 and 2012 respectively. Acizzia jamatonica is native to East Asia, and has spread rapidly in Europe since it was first reported from Italy in 2002. It was first collected from Albizzia julib...

The euonymus scale Unaspis euonymi (Comstock) is a pest of spindle (Euonymus spp.) which can cause plant death. A native of South East Asia, it became established in Britain in the late 1950s but did not become widespread in England until the 1990s and 2000s. The distribution, identification, life cycle, natural enemies and host range of this pest...

An account is given on the 39 arthropod species which were found on different Ficus trees in the Maltese Islands. Seventeen species represent new records for Malta including Anothopoda fici, Asetadiptacus emiliae, Astichus bachmaieri, Ecphylus caudatus, Empoasca alsiosa, Eupristina verticillata, Ficocyba ficaria, Gynaikothrips ficorum, Josephiella...

The whiteflies (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) of the Maltese Archipelago are reviewed, including two Asian species, Aleuroclava jasmini and Dialeurodes kirkaldyi that are recorded from Malta for the first time. Forty percent of the whitefly species recorded from Malta are of non-European origin. A dichotomous key for the identification of the puparial st...

Fresh Chrysophyllum sp. fruit is occasionally imported into England from Ghana and Nigeria. This trade is of interest due to the relatively large numbers of arthropod species (40) detected on a small number (18) of samples of fruit examined. This high level of infestation is due in part to the practice of collecting the fruit once it is ripe and fa...

Larvae of the sweet potato moth Helcystogramma convolvuli (Walsingham, 1908) have been intercepted at London Gatwick Airport on six occasions with fresh sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) foliage, and on one occasion with cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) foliage, imported from Gambia and Sierra Leone.The biology, geographical distribution a...

In May 2010, a large infestation of Pseudoparlatoria ostreata Cockerell was found on a single Agave sp. (Agavaceae) plant grown in the Princess of Wales Conservatory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey, England. A survey carried out in the conservatory during November 2010 found P. ostreata infesting Agave echinoides, A. ghiesbreghtii, A. lechuguil...

Since it was first formally recorded there in 2005, the Nearctic pine tortoise scale Toumeyella parvicornis (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Coccidae) has caused severe decline of the Caribbean pine, Pinus caribaea var. bahamensis (Grisebach) W. H. Barrett & Golfari, in the pine forests on the Turks and Caicos Islands (TCI). The scale infestations reduce ho...

The whitefly fauna of the Canary Islands (Spain) comprises 21 named species distributed amongst 12 genera, including four species described here—Aleyrodes bencomiae Hernández-Suárez and Martin sp. nov., Aleyrodes laurisilvae Hernández-Suárez and Martin sp. nov., Bemisia euphorbiarum Hernández-Suárez and Malumphy sp. nov. and Bemisia reyesiHernández...

Air plants (Tillandsia spp.) are popular indoor ornamental plants and the majority of those traded in Britain are nursery produced in Guatemala. A review is presented of the arthropods detected on 60 samples of Guatemalan air plants collected by the Plant Health and Seeds Inspectorate in England andWales. Forty-three arthropod taxa were identified,...

In November 2011, a large infestation of Lepidosaphes chinensis Chamberlin (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) was found on a Yucca elephantipes plant grown in a conservatory near Northwich, Cheshire, England. Small numbers of scales were also present on Beaucarnea recurvata, Euphorbia elegans and Sansevieria trifasciata ‘Laurentii’. This is the first incursi...

Phenacoccus hordei (Lindeman) is reported for the first time from Britain. It was collected from grass roots in Spurn Point, East Yorkshire, England. It is a root-feeding species that occurs throughout Europe and is oligophagous on Poaceae, and occasionally plants in other families. Its hosts include several important crops, such as alfalfa, barley...

The yew scale Parthenolecanium pomeranicum (Kawecki) is native to Europe and feeds by sucking sap from the foliage and stems of Taxus. It was first detected in

The pittosporum psyllid Trioza vitreoradiata (Maskell) (Hemiptera: Triozidae), an insect native to New Zealand, became established in south west England in 1993. It has since spread to many regions where its host plants (Pittosporum spp.) can be grown in England, Scotland and the Republic of Ireland. It has been recorded feeding on eight species of...

Fresh foliage of two species of Rutaceae is regularly imported into Britain from outside the European Union (EU) for culinary purposes: curry leaves (Murraya koenigii) and kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix). A review is presented of the arthropods detected in 36 samples of curry leaves imported into England and Wales from Africa, Asia and the Caribbean,...

Bemisia tabaci biotype B is considered to be the primary vector of Sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus (SPCSV. Crinivirus) However. Trialeurodes abuttloneus also has been shown to transmit SPCSV in a semipersistent manner Mixed infection of SPCSV with the aphid-transmitted Sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV, Potyvirus) causes sweet potato (Ip...

Whiteflies are commonly transported in international plant trade, accounting for 25% of arthropods found in association with imported plant material in England and Wales between 1996 and 2006. Several species are of quarantine significance and rapid, accurate identifications are essential in order for phytosanitary services to decide upon appropria...

The results of an investigation of scale insects (Hemiptera, Coccoidea) in Alytus, Kaunas and Marijampolė counties of southern Lithuania by the first two authors during a week in August 2009 are presented. Two further samples from Klaipėda and four samples from Vilnius counties are also included. Twenty-eight species of scale insect are recorded, o...

The first two authors collected whiteflies in Alytus and Kaunas counties in August 2009. Five native species of whitefly (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) were reported from Alytus county, of which four were recorded for the first time: Aleurochiton aceris (Modeer), Aleuroclava similes Takahashi, Aleurolobus wunni (Ryberg) and Aleyrodes proletella (Linnaeus...

In November 2009, a large infestation of the scale Contigaspis zillae (Hall) (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) was found on four Crassula ruprestis Thunb. plants grown under glass at the Royal Horticultural Society's Garden, Wisley, Surrey, England. The plants had been imported from South Africa in May 2008. This is the first incursion of this scale insect...

Information is given about the current distribution and host plants of wisteria scale, Eulecanium excrescens (Ferris), in Britain. It was first detected in a London garden in 2001 and has since spread within the Vice Counties of Hertfordshire, Middlesex, South Essex, Surrey and West Kent. It is recorded feeding on seven plant species belonging to s...

Whiteflies are inadvertently, but commonly, transported in international plant trade. Rapid, accurate identification is the essential first step when such insects are intercepted by quarantine authorities. Whitefly taxonomy, and identification, is almost entirely based on the fourth-larval instar or puparium, but often only the eggs, early larval i...

Malumphy, C.: First interception in Europe of Philephedra tuberculosa Nakahara & Gill (hemiptera: Coccidae), a neotropical pest of ornamental plants and fruit crops. [Första eu-ropeiska fyndet av sköldlusen Philephedra tuberculosa Nakahara & Gill (Hemiptera: Coccidae), ett skadedjur på prydnadsväxter och fruktträd i Amerika.] – Entomologisk Tidskri...

This is the first account of whiteflies (Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae) of Lithuania, based on published records and samples collected by the first two authors in 2007–2008. Twelve species have been detected in Lithuania: eight of them are native, one is introduced and established in greenhouses and on indoor plantings, and three are non-established intro...

The results of an investigation of scale insects (Hemiptera, Coccoidea) in Klaipėda, Tauragė and Utena counties by the first two authors during July 2008 are presented. Additional data from Vilnius county, and Panevėžys and Šiauliai cities are also included. Klaipėda is one of the smallest counties in Lithuania yet appears to be particularly divers...

Results of the investigation into jumping plant-lice (Hemiptera, Psylloidea) of Lithuania based on samples collected during 2007 and 2008 are presented. In this study, six species of Psyllidae and four species of Triozidae were detected; nine of the species were recorded from Lithuania for the first time.

FIGURES 39 – 47. Trialeurodes vaporariorum. 39, third instar on E. pulcherrima from Italy; 40, fourth instar on E. pulcherrima from Italy; 41, diagrammatic representation of left compound eye of adult female; 42, upper and lower compound eyes separate; 43, mesotibia combs; 44, male abdomen with dorsal discoidal pores; 45, female antenna; 46, aedeag...

FIGURE 48. CO 1 sequence alignments showing sequence polymorphisms between species in the annealing sites of primers and probes. Mismatches are shown in bold, forward primer, probe and reverse primer annealing sites are boxed, left to right respectively.

FIGURES 3 – 4. General morphology of a whitefly. 3, third-larval instar; 4, fourth-larval instar (puparium).

FIGURES 10 – 17. Bemisia spp. 10, B. afer, diagrammatic representation of left compound eye of adult female; B. afer, 11, upper and lower compound eyes linked by one ommatidium; B. afer, 12, female antenna; B. afer, 13, aedeagus; B. afer, 14, female cement gland; 15, B. tabaci, ovum on Euphorbia pulcherrima; 16, B. tabaci, first larval instar on So...

FIGURES 31 – 38. Trialeurodes spp. 31, T. ricini, diagrammatic representation of left compound eye of adult female; T. ricini, 32, upper and lower compound eyes linked by two to four ommatidia; T. ricini, 33, male antenna; T. ricini, 34, aedeagus; T. ricini, 35, female cement gland; 36, T. vaporariorum, ovum on Euphorbia pulcherrima from Italy; 37,...

FIGURES 5 – 9. Bemisia afer. 5, ovum on Laurus nobilis from Italy; 6, first instar on L. nobilis from Italy; 7, second instar on L. nobilis from Italy; 8, third instar on L. nobilis from Italy; 9, fourth instar on Manihot esculenta from Mauritius.

FIGURES 18 – 24. B. tabaci. 18, third instar on E. pulcherrima; 19, fourth instar on E. pulcherrima; 20, diagrammatic representation of left compound eye of adult female; 21, upper and lower compound eyes linked by one ommatidium; 22, female antenna; 23, aedeagus; 24, female cement gland.

FIGURES 25 – 30. Trialeurodes ricini. 25, ovum on Ricinus communis from Gran Canaria; 26, first instar on R. communis from Gran Canaria; 27, second instar on R. communis from Gran Canaria; 28, third instar on R. communis from Gran Canaria; 29 – 30, fourth instar on Telfairia sp. from Nigeria showing variation in submarginal tubercles.

FIGURES 1 – 2. General morphology of a whitefly. 1, first-larval instar; 2, second-larval instar.

This is the first catalogue of scale insects (Hemiptera, Coccoidea) of Lithuania, and is based on published records and samples collected by the first two authors in 2007. A total of 38 species are recorded here, belonging to seven families. Twenty five of these are native, or at least European in origin, and 13 are exotic and restricted to glassho...

Collection data are provided for nine species of scale insect collected in Riga during July 2008. Three of these species are reported from Latvia for the first time: Asterodiaspis variolosa and Parthenolecanium rufulum on Quercus robur and Physokermes hemicryphus on Picea abies. A revised checklist of the Coccoidea of Latvia is presented and the to...