Chris Hand

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Verified

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• MSc, MA, PhD
• Professor at Kingston University

Compared to other leisure time activities, the effect of arts attendance on happiness has received less attention and studies of related topics have produced mixed results, identifying either no effect or very small effects. We investigate this issue using a large (N = 7753) sample from the UK. In contrast to earlier studies, quantile regression is...

Differences between men and women in terms of pro-environmental behaviour have been attributed to differences in perceived threats to gender identity; pro-environmental behaviours being viewed as more feminine than masculine. Conversely, if pro-environmental behaviour is framed in terms of competition with peers, men might be expected to engage mor...

Multiple studies have identified an urban penalty on, and regional differences in, life satisfaction, but few studies compare the effects of both. This study applies a generalized ordered logit to data on residential location, region of the UK and two different life satisfaction measures. Overall, the regional effect outweighs the rural effect. A s...

This paper analyses the relationship between founder’s social identity (ie. how the sense of self is influenced by perceived membership of a social group) and Entrepreneurial Self- Efficacy (ESE) (ie. individuals’ judgements about their own ability complete courses of actions to achieve a desired outcome). We build upon other studies and apply cont...

This paper investigates the association of life satisfaction and self-employment experience. Using a large longitudinal dataset from the Understanding Society survey over the period 2009–2019, the paper examines how the allocation of time to wage- or self-employment affects individual life satisfaction. We argue that the typical dichotomous wage-em...

Antisocial behaviour by social media users has escalated, which in turn has created various socio-psychological implications for users and society at large. However, there is a paucity of empirical research on the concept of cyber aggression inclination (CAI) and its personal and situational antecedents in the context of social media. This study ex...

Machine learning classifiers are increasingly widely used. This research note explores how a particular widely used classifier, the Random Forest, performs when faced with samples which are imbalanced and noisy data. Both are known to affect accuracy, but if their effects are independent or not has not been explored. Based on an experiment using sy...

The notion that self-employed individuals are more satisfied with their jobs than wage-employees has found broad empirical support. Previous research exploring the well-being effects of self-employment typically relies on direct cross-sectional comparisons between wage-employees and self-employed or on longitudinal investigations of transitions in...

Prior research demonstrates links between the maximizing tendency in decision making and online shopping behaviour, with maximizers spending considerable time on their online shopping yet being somewhat dissatisfied with their shopping decisions. Our research extends prior knowledge to the multichannel shopping context. Multichannel shopper journey...

This study investigates the association of the rural–urban divide and the time individuals allocate to self-employment. The empirical analysis uses fixed effects modelling on data from the UK Household Longitudinal Survey over the period 2009–2019. The study identifies significant differences in the time men and women allocate to self-employment be...

This paper examines the dynamics of self-employment rates overall and by gender across the UK during the period 2004–2016. Specifically, using the panel convergence methodology suggested by Phillips and Sul (Econometrica 75:1771–1855, 2007) we investigate whether self-employment rates can be characterised by a process where all regions tend to the...

This chapter discusses the usefulness and limitations of meta-analysis methods in entrepreneurship research. It provides introductory step-by-step guidance to employing meta-analytical techniques to synthesise, integrate and aggregate empirical evidence from the existing body of entrepreneurship literature. Specifically, the chapter discusses the f...

Positive outcomes of social networking use in both informal and non-educational settings have attracted significant research attention. These benefits include social capital formation, higher job performance and satisfaction, an increased sense of belonging, improved knowledge management skills, and enabling of life-long learning opportunities. Com...

Abstract: Purpose Social media users’ purchasing behaviour is yet to be fully understood by research. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how purchase intention is affected by social media user traits, cognitive factors (such as perceived control and trust) and individual beliefs, such as risk propensity and trustworthiness. Design/methodo...

Positive outcomes of social networking use in both informal and non-educational settings have attracted significant research attention. These benefits include social capital formation, higher job performance and satisfaction, an increased sense of belonging, improved knowledge management skills, and enabling of life-long learning opportunities. Com...

Purpose - Social media users’ purchasing behaviour is yet to be fully understood by research. We investigate how purchase intention is affected by social media user traits, cognitive factors (such as perceived control and trust) and individual beliefs, such as risk propensity and trustworthiness. Design/methodology/approach - We propose and empiri...

User privacy and self-disclosure perspectives have been studied in great detail within e-commerce and social networking contexts. While many earlier studies consider online user base religion-agnostic, this study bridges the gap in the literature by addressing the user behaviour factors associated with religious beliefs. The specifics of user behav...

Shopping motivation is the dominant theoretical framework upon which shopping behaviour research is based. A shopper's motivation is assumed to be fixed and enduring, implying, in turn, homogeneity of shopper journeys. This paper reports on an exploratory, qualitative study of 76 multichannel shopper journeys. Heterogeneity of individual consumers’...

Small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) located in the least developed countries (LDCs), operate in distinctively hostile institutional environments compared to those in developed economies. Better understanding of the determinants of SME innovation in such environments is important for the development of private sector in LDCs, because innovativ...

Online grocery sales in the UK grew 14.9 % to £7.5 billion in 2014, but still represent just 5.1 % of all food retailers’ sales (Mintel 2015), despite large investments by an increasing number of retailers. This investment in multiple channels, including continuous investment in stores, is also spurred by evidence that in grocery shopping, as well...

Purpose Grounded on approach/avoidance behaviour theory, the purpose of this paper is to develop a typology of grocery shoppers based on the concomitant perceived advantages and disadvantages of shopping online and in store for a single cohort of consumers who buy groceries in both channels. Design/methodology/approach A survey design was employed...

This study investigates the extent to which an empirically based model of consumer brand choice behaviour applies to arts participation. Based on data from a national survey conducted in England, the penetration rate, frequency of attendance, share of total audience and proportion of audience members who are loyal to one art form only are closely a...

Three surveys, each covering two categories, were used to investigate the decay in WOM output after product experience. The categories were restaurants, fashion stores, hotels, holiday destinations, mobile phones and films. Data were gathered in the UK and Thailand, resulting in a total of 548 usable responses. Word-of-mouth (WOM) output decays rap...

This study contributes to the scant literature considering brand extensions in a competitive context and investigates whether the correlation between consumers’ beliefs about a brand’s attributes and the number of its buyers described in previous research occurs with regard to fit perceptions of brand extensions, extension evaluation and post-exten...

Purpose of the Paper ‐ This study tests the effect of product category conspicuousness on the evaluation of downscale extensions and on the brand image of premium brands. Theoretical background – Dall’Olmo Riley, Pina and Bravo (2013) suggested that, for brands with similar positioning, the evaluation of vertical extensions and the relative feedbac...

While there are a number of studies focusing on the motivations for betting, less is known about the extent to which the market is segmented. This study investigates patterns of cross-purchasing using a sample of 7,200 adult respondents from a Government survey dataset obtained via the UK Data Archive. In doing so we apply market research technique...

When respondents are asked to report on past behaviour, their responses may be affected by an unknown level of measurement error. This casts doubt on the findings from retrospective surveys. There is evidence that measurement error is a function of the interval between an experience and the time when the experience is reported. In this study, the v...

This article investigated the impact of categorical input encoding and scaling approaches on neural network sensitivity and overall classification performance in the context of predicting the repeat viewing propensity of movie goers. The results show that neural network out of sample minimum sensitivity and overall classification performance are in...

This article investigates whether Google Trends search information can improve forecasts of cinema admissions. Using monthly data for the United Kingdom for the period 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2008, we examine various forecasting models that incorporate Google Trends search information. We find clear evidence that Google Trends data on searche...

As populations around the world age, brand choice behaviour by older customers becomes an increasingly important issue for marketers. This is especially the case in Japan, which has the largest older customer segment as a proportion of the population of any country. Our study measures brand choice behaviour of the older customer segment in Japan in...

As populations around the world age, brand choice behaviour by older customers becomes an increasingly important issue for marketers. This is especially the case in Japan, which has the largest older customer segment as a proportion of the population of any country. Our study measures brand choice behaviour of the older customer segment in Japan in...

This article investigates the extent to which arts audiences' behaviour conforms to the predictions of consumer behaviour theory. The discussion focuses on three established empirical ‘laws’ of consumer behaviour: repertoire buying, double jeopardy and duplication of purchase. Although these laws are well established, they have not previously been...

Conventionally, the seasonal pattern in a time series is taken as exogenous. However, two recent studies from the US have suggested, the seasonal component in box office revenue may in part be endogenously determined. Films that are expected to do well tend to be released at times of peak demand. Hence, the seasonal pattern may reflect both the und...

The abstract for this document is available on CSA Illumina.To view the Abstract, click the Abstract button above the document title.

Purpose This paper seeks to understand the triggers which influence the adoption (and the discontinuation) of online grocery shopping. Specifically, the research aims to establish the role of situational factors in the process of adoption. Design/methodology/approach A two‐step research process is employed. First, exploratory qualitative research...

This study offers a preliminary exploration of repeat consumption of identical cultural goods, specifically moviegoing. The term ‘identical’ in this study refers to cases where, for example, individuals view the same film at a movie theater, in a short time interval, on more than one occasion i.e. experiencing the cultural good in precisely the sam...

Purpose As staff are vital to successful re‐branding, particularly in the charity sector where restricted budgets limit reliance on external marketing, it is important to understand the impact of re‐branding on staff. This study aims to examine the effect of time on staff knowledge, attitudes and behaviour and, in addition, the interaction of time...

This paper presents a goal programming model that allows for the flexible handling of the two group classification problem. The goal programming model is based around the concepts of non-standard preference functions and penalty function modelling. An extension to a generalised distance metric case is given. The inclusion of multiple levels of clas...

Online advertising has experienced phenomenal growth since its inception in 1994. This empirical study investigates the impact of seven creative characteristics of banner ads on the effectiveness of online advertising using a multiple regression model. A random sample of 209 banner ads was drawn from a sampling frame of advertisers, provided by an...

Awards such as the Oscars provide a valuable measure of a film's cinematic quality. This article reviews the frequency distribution of Oscar and Golden Globe nominations and wins between 1983 and 2000 to determine whether an underlying relation can be found. This study finds that, as with the distribution of box office revenues, the distribution of...

This paper explores methods of simulating Polya Urn Models using a spreadsheet. The Polya Urn model provides a statistical model of path dependent behaviour where the final equilibrium is determined by random chance or historical accident.

Without Abstract

Previous work analyzing the demand for movie theater visits have had to rely entirely on highly aggregate time series data. Inevitably, this masks the significance of individual-specific effects that place constraints on such trip making. Further, while there have been cross-sectional revenue model estimates at the film-level, there have not been,...

Models of cinema demand have tended to employ aggregate data and focus on price and income as key variables. Surprisingly, the effects of travel time and location have not been formally investigated. The authors do so, following developments in the environmental economics literature, by presenting estimates of individual travel cost models for mult...

Cellular Automata (CA) can be used to illustrate how macro-level order can arise from micro-level interactions. Although it is possible to run simple CAs using pencil and paper, a computer is better able to keep track of all the interactions. This paper illustrates how simple CAs can be run on a spreadsheet, using the diffusion of a product innovat...

In this paper, we attempt to evaluate whether a film's commercial performance can be forecast. The statistical distribution of film revenues in the UK is examined and found to have unbounded variance. This undermines much of the existing work relating a film's performance to its identifiable attributes within an OLS model. We adopt De Vany and Wall...

Using a time series data set covering the period 1936–1999, this paper investigates the statistical distribution of cinema admissions and attempts to produce a forecasting model using the ARIMA methodology. Copyright Kluwer Academic Publishers 2002

A sample of 153 films from the UK top 15 chart is examined to test the hypothesis of increasing returns to information. The results are consistent with this presented by De Vany and Walls, suggesting that increasing returns to information is a general feature of the film market. Copyright 2001 by Taylor and Francis Group

In this paper we attempt to evaluate whether a film's commercial performance can be forecast. The statistical distribution of film revenues in the UK is examined and found to have unbounded variance.

This paper considers the arguments relating to the merits of continuing subsidies to the British theater arts. These are initially framed around the populist assertions typically levelled against advocates of continued subsidy.

Our research uses Mosaic Geodemographic profiling to compare offline and online grocery shoppers and the customers of different online grocers in an attempt to explore the transference of offline store loyalty. We find heterogeneity in online grocers’ customer profiles, indicating that there is not a direct, straightforward transfer of loyalty from...

Following upon the results of previous qualitative research (Authors, 2005), the objective of this paper is to confirm the role of situational variables in the adoption process of online grocery shopping. Situational variables and life events in particular (e.g. having a baby, health problems) emerge as the trigger for starting online grocery shopp...