Chris Baber

Chris Baber
University of Birmingham · School of Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering

PhD

About

394
Publications
149,368
Reads
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8,362
Citations
Additional affiliations
November 1990 - present
University of Birmingham
Education
October 1987 - October 1990
Aston University
Field of study
  • Speech Technology in Control Room Systems

Publications

Publications (394)
Article
For human-agent teams, it is as important for agents to have models of their human teammates as it is for humans to have models of their agent teammates. However, approaches to knowledge elicitation have wrestled with the problem of capturing human knowledge when much of it is tacit and difficult to verbalize. By observing the choices that people m...
Preprint
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For humans and robots to form an effective human-robot team (HRT) there must be sufficient trust between team members throughout a mission. We analyze data from an HRT experiment focused on trust dynamics in teams of one human and two robots, where trust was manipulated by robots becoming temporarily unresponsive. Whole-body movement tracking was a...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
We extend previous work on applying computational linguistics in understanding distributed sensemaking. In an experiment, teams of three respond to incidents in the C3Fire simulation under different levels of shared information, and radio communications were automatically transcribed (with an overall accuracy of around 80% for these recordings). Th...
Preprint
Full-text available
Integrating robots into teams of humans is anticipated to bring significant capability improvements for tasks such as searching potentially hazardous buildings. Trust between humans and robots is recognized as a key enabler for human-robot teaming (HRT) activity: if trust during a mission falls below sufficient levels for cooperative tasks to be co...
Article
As Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems increase in capability, so there are growing concerns over the ways in which the recommendations they provide can affect people's everyday life and decisions. The field of Explainable AI (XAI) aims to address such concerns but there is often a neglect of the human in this process. We present a formal definiti...
Article
Full-text available
Defining and measuring trust in dynamic, multiagent teams is important in a range of contexts, particularly in defense and security domains. Team members should be trusted to work towards agreed goals and in accordance with shared values. In this paper, our concern is with the definition of goals and values such that it is possible to define ‘trust...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Distributed sensemaking (DSM) is an important concept in the development of command and control for the future military operating environment. Following from earlier work developing DSM principles and DSM measures, this paper reports on a lab-based experiment which collected data on approaches to support DSM.
Conference Paper
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This paper examines the role of advanced Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) like ChatGPT, in supporting and enhancing criminal investigations. We focus on the integration of AI in query generation, intelligence analysis, and the interpretation of vast datasets to identify patterns and connections within criminal...
Article
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being increasingly implemented within road transport systems worldwide. Next generation of AI, Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is imminent, and is anticipated to be more powerful than current AI. AGI systems will have a broad range of abilities and be able to perform multiple cognitive tasks akin to humans that...
Article
Human Factors has long been involved in knowledge engineering, for example to better understand how humans make decisions or to inform the designs of systems that support or emulate human decision making. In this paper, we explore a relatively new technology (Knowledge Graphs) to investigate perspective taking in organizations. The paper demonstrat...
Preprint
Full-text available
Defining and measuring trust in dynamic, multiagent teams is important in a range of contexts, particularly in defense and security domains. Team members should be trusted to work towards agreed goals and in accordance with shared values. In this paper, our concern is with the definition of goals and values such that it is possible to define 'trust...
Preprint
Full-text available
A major, ongoing social transition is the inclusion of autonomous agents into human organizations. For example, in defence and security applications, robots may be used alongside human operatives to reduce risk or add capability. But a key barrier to the transition to successful human-autonomous agent collectives is the need for sufficient trust be...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
A major, ongoing social transition is the inclusion of autonomous agents into human organizations. For example, in defence and security applications, robots may be used alongside human operatives to reduce risk or add capability. But a key barrier to the transition to successful human-autonomous agent collectives is the need for sufficient trust be...
Article
Road transport is experiencing disruptive change from new first-of-a-kind technologies. While such technologies offer safety and operational benefits, they also pose new risks. It is critical to proactively identify risks during the design, development and testing of new technologies. The Systems Theoretical Accident Model and Processes (STAMP) met...
Article
Full-text available
Artificial General Intelligence (AGI) is the next and forthcoming evolution of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Though there could be significant benefits to society, there are also concerns that AGI could pose an existential threat. The critical role of Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) in the design of safe, ethical, and usable AGI has been emphasi...
Chapter
This handbook is currently in development, with individual articles publishing online in advance of print publication. At this time, we cannot add information about unpublished articles in this handbook, however the table of contents will continue to grow as additional articles pass through the review process and are added to the site. Please note...
Article
Full-text available
The version of distributed situation awareness (DSA) used in this article originated in human factors/ergonomics. Typically, this has involved the study of human operators working in teams and has used various forms of concept maps to qualitatively describe the information that team members use. In this article, we apply the concept of DSA to multi...
Article
INTRODUCTION: Stereopsis is usually required in military aviators and may become increasingly important with reliance on newer technologies such as binocular Helmet-Mounted Displays (HMDs) and stereo displays. The current stereo test used to qualify UK military aircrew (TNO test) has many limitations. To address these limitations, two computer-base...
Article
The next generation of artificial intelligence, known as Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), could either revolutionise or destroy humanity. Human Factors and Ergonomics (HFE) has a critical role to play in the design of safe and ethical AGI; however, there is little evidence that HFE is contributing to development programs. This paper presents...
Article
In this paper, computational linguistics is applied to define and capture Speech Acts in distributed sensemaking in a military map-exercise. The exercise was performed by teams of three participants playing the role of Company Commanders (assisted by a team of confederates) using either text-only or a combination of voice and text communications, u...
Article
Full-text available
This article describes an approach for multiagent search planning for a team of agents. A team of UAVs tasked to conduct a forest fire search was selected as the use case, although solutions are applicable to other domains. Fixed-path (e.g., parallel track) methods for multiagent search can produce predictable and structured paths, with the main li...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Many shape-changing interfaces (SCIs) have been developed in recent years as a type of tangible user interface (TUI). These are helpful in some contexts but have fewer usability features. The reason behind their limited features might be the lack of design guidelines for TUI, especially SCI. In this paper, we review frameworks that have been propos...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
It is possible that either the automation is not 100% correct or that the human knows information that the automation does not; in either case, the human will need to choose whether to follow the recommendation of the automation or not. This research focuses on human sensemaking, specifically how people organise information and how closely it match...
Article
In this paper, we discuss the ways in which Neville Stanton has challenged himself, his research colleagues, PhD students, the many co-authors and contributors to his publications, and the entire Ergonomics community to determine what it means for there to be 'consistent standards for how [Ergonomics] methods are described and reported.' Only in th...
Article
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Artificial General intelligence (AGI) offers enormous benefits for humanity, yet it also poses great risk. The aim of this systematic review was to summarise the peer reviewed literature on the risks associated with AGI. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Sixteen articles...
Article
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This thesis focuses attention on achieving Distributed Situation Awareness (DSA) with minimal resources (energy, processing cost, etc.) using small low-capacity agents (e.g., UAVs) coordinated in a decentralised fashion while conducting searching activity. This is in contrast to the existing works involving convoluted communication and information...
Preprint
Full-text available
Human movement variability arises from the process of mastering redundant (bio)mechanical degrees of freedom to successfully accomplish any given motor task where flexibility and stability of many possible joint combinations helps to adapt to environment conditions. While the analysis of movement of variability is becoming increasingly popular as a...
Preprint
Full-text available
Human movement variability arises from the process of mastering redundant (bio)mechanical degrees of freedom to successfully accomplish any given motor task where stability and flexibility of many possible joint combinations helps to adapt to environment conditions. While the analysis of movement of variability is becoming increasingly useful as a...
Article
Full-text available
This article presents preliminary considerations and results from a research project designed to investigate the relation between (i) gestures, (ii) graphic traces and (iii) perceptions. More specifically, the project aims to test the hypothesis that graphic traces, including handwriting, can set up graphetic empathy between writers and readers of...
Article
Full-text available
Tool use can be considered in terms of purposeful behaviour. This emphasis on ‘purpose’ hides a host of assumptions about the nature of cognition and its relationship with physical activity. In particular, a notion of ‘purpose’ might assume that this is teleological which, in turn, requires a model of a desired end state of an action that can be pr...
Article
Decision support systems (DSSs) are being woven into human workflows from aviation to medicine. In this study, we examine decision quality and visual information foraging for DSSs with different known reliability levels. Thirty-six participants completed a financial fraud detection task, first unsupported and then supported by a DSS which highlight...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
In this paper, we describe how to achieve knowledge understanding and prediction (Situation Awareness (SA)) for multiple-agents conducting searching activity using Bayesian inferential reasoning and learning. Bayesian Belief Network was used to monitor agents' knowledge about their environment, and cases are recorded for the network training using...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
We describe issues bedeviling the coordination of heterogeneous (different sensors carrying agents) multi-agent missions such as belief conflict, situation reasoning, etc. We applied Bayesian and agents' presumptions inferential reasoning to solve the outlined issues with the heterogeneous multi-agent belief variation and situational-base reasoning...
Conference Paper
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In this paper, we describe how Bayesian inferential reasoning will contributes in obtaining a well-satisfied prediction for Distributed Constraint Optimization Problems (DCOPs) with uncertainties. We also demonstrate how DCOPs could be merged to multi-agent knowledge understand and prediction (i.e. Situation Awareness). The DCOPs functions were mer...
Conference Paper
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In this paper, we propose the use of Bayesian inference and learning to solve DCOP in a dynamic and uncertain environment. We categorized the agents Bayesian learning process into local learning and centralized learning. That is, the agents learn individually and collectively to make optimal predictions and share learning data. The agents' mission...
Conference Paper
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In this paper, we propose an architecture that uses predictions tools obtained via Bayesian learning algorithms to monitor the issues of communication, fault tolerance, and adaptation in human-agent mission. The architecture describes different level of knowledge, planning, and commands differ by their priorities. We tested the model using forest f...
Conference Paper
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In this paper, we propose a priority-based publish-subscribe approach to tackle reasoning and beliefs conflict in a heterogeneous multi-agent mission. Agents subscribe to other agents' topics and rank them based on the environment adaptability priority values built from agents' situation awareness. Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) was used in maintain...
Article
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Knowledge monitoring is a component of metacognition which can help students regulate their own learning. In adaptive learning software, the system’s model of the student can be presented as an open learner model (OLM) which is intended to enable monitoring processes. We explore how presenting alignment, between students’ self-assessed confidence a...
Article
The last few years have seen resurgence in interest within human factors/ergonomics (HFE) in cybernetics. HFE has a long association with cybernetics (e.g., the influence of signal detection and control theory on studies of vigilance, visual search and human-machine systems). The panel will discuss more recent applications of cybernetics and focus...
Article
Credit card fraud analysis is almost entirely automated. However, there may be occasions when a human analyst is required to intervene. In this paper, we consider situations in which a transaction triggers an automated alert but not sufficiently to allow automated response. On such occasions, automated analysis makes a recommendation as to the frau...
Chapter
In this paper, we report the design, development and initial evaluation of the concept of animate objects (as a form of Tangible User Interface, TUI) to support the cueing of action sequences. Animate objects support user actions through the provision of affordances, and developments in actuator technologies allow those devices to change their phys...
Article
Full-text available
The notion that human activity can be characterised in terms of dynamic systems is a well-established alternative to motor schema approaches. Key to a dynamic systems approach is the idea that a system seeks to achieve stable states in the face of perturbation. While such an approach can apply to physical activity, it can be challenging to accept t...
Article
In this paper, two user interfaces (UIs) are compared for supporting decision making in a road traffic management activity. Both UIs provide the information needed to make critical decisions related to traffic management and are designed according to ecological interface design (EID) concepts. One user interface design also incorporates concepts fr...
Article
Ergonomics has always been concerned with the study of systems, and has developed over the course of fifty or so years a range of methods which allow systems to be described and analysed (Edwards and Lees, 1974; Kleiner and Hendrick, 2002; Wilson, 2014). However, we would argue that perennial problems relate to the study of systems that change with...
Chapter
Traditional conceptions of ‘creativity’ assume that the creative person is able to imagine a finished product and then bring this forth through their skill in making things. This conception is also used to separate the ‘artist’ from the craft-worker. In this paper, I show how the developing theories of Embodied Cognition can illustrate when and how...
Article
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In the field of naturalistic decision making, the data–frame model (DFM) has proven to be a popular and useful way of thinking about sensemaking. DFM provides a parsimonious account of how ‘sensemakers’ interact with the data in their environment to make sense of what is happening. In this paper, however, we argue that it is useful to elaborate DFM...
Article
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The question of how people make use of automation to support their decision making is becoming increasingly important. As computers provide ever greater input to the collection, analysis and interpretation of data, so they are more likely to be partners in decision making. However, when automation makes recommendations that the human disagrees with...
Article
User interface (UI) design can affect the quality of decision making, where decisions based on digitally presented content are commonly informed by visually sampling information through eye movements. Analysis of the resulting scan patterns - the order in which people visually attend to different regions of interest (ROIs) - gives an insight into i...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
In Visual Analytics, the output of automated analysis is presented to users in an interactive visualisation. By responding to the visualisation, the user is able to modify the parameters of the computer visualisation. This raises questions concerning the design of the visualisation and the level of interaction that is appropriate for users. In this...
Article
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In this paper I consider how the concept of “affordance” has been adapted from the original writings of Gibson and applied to interaction design. I argue that a clear understanding of affordance shifts the goal of interaction design from one of solely focusing on either the physical object or the capabilities of the person, toward an understanding...
Article
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Plastic surgeons report neck, shoulder and back pain when wearing head-mounted magnifiers (loupes) during operations. There will be many factors contributing to such pain. In order to explore these factors this paper developed a novel application of Multi-objective Optimization (MOO) which used postural constraints on anthropometric models to deter...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
In this paper we report a cognitive model of how people make decisions through interaction. The model is based on the assumption that interaction for decision making is an example of a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) in which observations are made by limited perceptual systems that model human foveated vision and decisions are...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
In this paper, we present preliminary results for the analysis of movement variability in human-humanoid imitation activities. We applied the state space reconstruction's theorem which help us to have better understanding of the movement variability than other techniques in time or frequency domains. In our experiments, we tested our hypothesis whe...