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201
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Introduction
Additional affiliations
February 2014 - February 2016
January 2014 - February 2016
February 2005 - present
Education
January 2008
Publications
Publications (201)
The present study examined (i) the magnitude of rate of torque development (RTD), and (ii) the between-day reliability of RTD at the start of a cycling sprint when sprint resistance, sprint duration, and the pedal downstroke were altered. Nineteen well-trained cyclists completed one familiarisation and three testing sessions. Each session involved...
The purpose of this investigation was to demonstrate that muscle fiber mechanics can be assessed on micro-biopsies obtained from human medial gastrocnemii. Three micro-biopsy samples were collected from female dancers (n=15). Single fibers and fiber bundles were isolated and passively stretched from 2.4 µm to 3.0 µm at 0.015 µm•s−1 and 0.04 µm•s−1...
In the last decade, cold water immersion (CWI) has emerged as one of the most popular post-exercise recovery strategies utilized amongst athletes during training and competition. Following earlier research on the effects of CWI on the recovery of exercise performance and associated mechanisms, the recent focus has been on how CWI might influence ad...
Pacing profiles of 19 elite and sub-elite 200-m kayak athletes were examined through stroke-by-stroke analysis, using GPS/accelerometer methodology. Stroke rates and lengths were also quantified across multiple race segments. Whilst athletes reached peak velocity at between 40 and 60 m, it was not possible to determine specifically whether an all-o...
Background
Despite a substantial body of research, no clear best practice guidelines exist for the assessment of hydration in athletes. Body water is stored in and shifted between different sites throughout the body complicating hydration assessment. This review seeks to highlight the unique strengths and limitations of various hydration assessment...
A road cycling sprint can be described as the acceleration which occurs toward the end of competitions in order to reach the finish line in front of other competitors. The ability to sprint in road cycling is important since most races are decided in either a head-to-head, small group, or mass sprint finish. Cycling velocity during sprints is impor...
Purpose:
The tight association between sleep, body temperature regulation, and patterns of skin temperature change highlights the necessity for accurate and valid assessment of skin temperatures during sleep. With increased interest in this functional relationship in infants and children, it is important to identify where to best measure proximal...
Purpose:
To examine whether concurrent heat and intermittent hypoxic training can improve endurance performance and physiological responses relative to independent heat or temperate interval training.
Methods:
Well-trained male cyclists (N = 29) completed 3 weeks of moderate- to high-intensity interval training (4 × 60 min·wk-1) in 1 of 3 condit...
Endurance athletes typically spend the large majority of training (> 70%) at low intensities (i.e. below lactate threshold) coupled with short and intermittent bouts of high-intensity exercise or interval training (HIIT). Despite HIIT being a relatively small part of training in terms of duration, it has a substantial effect on the adaptations to e...
The reliability and validity of maximal mean speed (MMS), maximal mean metabolic power (MMPmet), critical speed (CS) and critical metabolic power (CPmet) were examined throughout the 2016-2017 soccer National Youth League competitions. Global positioning system (GPS) data were collected from 20 sub-elite soccer players during a battery of maximal r...
PurposeThis study investigated whether regular precooling would help to maintain day-to-day training intensity and improve 20-km cycling time trial (TT) performed in the heat. Twenty males cycled for 10 day × 60 min at perceived exertion equivalent to 15 in the heat (35 °C, 50% relative humidity), preceded by no cooling (CON, n = 10) or 30-min wate...
Prior exercise can negatively affect movement economy of a subsequent task. However, the impact of cycling exercise on the energy cost of subsequent running is difficult to ascertain, possibly because of the use of different methods of calculating economy. We examined the influence of a simulated cycling bout on running physiological cost (running...
The quantification of maximal mean speed (MMS), maximal mean metabolic power (MMPmet), critical speed (CS) and critical metabolic power (CPmet) was conducted over full A-League (elite) and National Premier League (NPL; sub-elite) seasons. Comparisons were made between levels of soccer competition and playing positions (i. e. centre backs, full back...
The match-to-match variability of external loads in National Premier League soccer competition was determined. Global positioning systems (GPS) data were collected from 20 sub-elite soccer players over 2–10 matches from a single season. Match data were collected from during one season. Twenty-six matches were recorded and 10 were utilised within fi...
Abstract
Purpose
Compare power output, cadence, and torque in the seated, standing, and forward standing cycling sprint positions.
Methods
On three separated occasions (i.e. one for each position) 11 recreational male road cyclists performed a 14 s sprint before and directly after a high‐intensity lead‐up. Power output, cadence, and torque were me...
This study investigated the effect of endurance training and regular post-exercise cold water immersion on changes in microvascular function. Nine males performed 3 sessions∙wk-1 of endurance training for 4 weeks. Following each session, participants immersed one leg in a cold water bath (10°C; COLD) for 15 min while the contra-lateral leg served a...
Purpose:
To examine the effect of environmental temperature (TA) on performance and physiological responses (eg, body temperature, cardiopulmonary measures) during a high-intensity aerobic interval session. It was hypothesized that power output would be highest in the 13°C condition and lower in the 5°C, 22°C, and 35°C conditions.
Methods:
Eleve...
The pacing profile adopted throughout a competitive time trial may be decisive in the overall outcomes of the event. Riders distribute their energy resources based on a range of factors including prior experience, perception of effort, knowledge of distance to cover and potential motivation. Some athletes and professional cycling teams may also qua...
THE PURPOSE OF THIS SYSTEMATIC REVIEW IS TO EXAMINE THE RESEARCH METHODOLOGICAL QUALITY, MEASUREMENT PROPERTIES, AND FEASIBILITY OF REPEATED SPRINT ABILITY TESTS. RESULTS SHOWED THAT TEST-RETEST ABSOLUTE AND RELATIVE RELIABILITY WAS VERY LARGE TO NEARLY PERFECT FOR TOTAL WORK AND BEST SPRINT PERFORMANCE. HOWEVER, THE FATIGUE INDEX PRESENTED A WEAK...
New findings:
What is the central question of this study? Hyperoxia enhances endurance performance by increasing O2 availability to locomotor muscles. We investigated whether hyperoxia can also improve prolonged self-paced exercise under conditions of elevated thermal and cardiovascular strain. What is the main finding and its importance? Hyperoxi...
Background: Peak velocity is likely to be an important factor in the outcome of road cycling sprints. Cycling velocity is dependent on the balance of power output and resistive forces including, aerodynamic drag (CdA), gravity, rolling resistance and mechanical inefficiencies (Martin et al. 2006). With air resistance known to present the greatest r...
Acute dehydration is a common method of weight loss in many combat sports, including Mixed Martial Arts (MMA). Acute dehydration has been shown to negatively affect exercise performance but minimal research has examined the mechanisms influencing exercise performance and potential strategies to mitigate them. The present thesis aimed to: i) examine...
In combat sports, athletes are divided into categories based on gender and body mass. Athletes attempt to compete against a lighter opponent by losing body mass prior to being weighed (i.e., 'weight-cutting'). The purpose of this narrative review was to explore the current body of literature on weight-cutting and outline gaps for further research....
Purpose:
This study examined the influence of: i) fluid intake on heat acclimation and ii) the subsequent effects on exercise performance following acute hypohydration.
Methods:
Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups, either able to consume water ad libitum (n = 10; age 23 ± 3 y; height 1.81 ± 0.09 m; body mass 87 ± 13 kg; HAW)...
This study examined the acute performance, cardiovascular and local muscular responses to perceived exertion-based high intensity interval exercise using either double- or single-leg cycling. Fifteen healthy middle-aged adults completed, on separate occasions, ten 30-second double-leg intervals interspersed with 60 seconds passive recovery and twen...
Introduction:
Regular exercise can reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular disease through risk factor modification, with high intensity exercise and more recently small muscle mass training providing alternatives to moderate intensity exercise.
Methods:
This study randomly assigned 53 healthy middle-aged adults (age: 62 ± 6 y) to complete...
Purpose:
Determine the validity of the Velocomp PowerPod power meter in comparison with the Verve Cycling InfoCrank power meter.
Methods:
This research involved two separate studies. In Study 1 twelve recreational male road cyclists completed seven maximal cycling efforts of a known duration (2 times 5 s, and 15, 30, 60, 240, and 600 s). In Study...
Purpose:
To assess the influence of a seated, standing, and forward standing cycling sprint position on aerodynamic drag CdA and the reproducibility of a field test of CdA calculated in these different positions.
Methods:
Eleven recreational male road cyclists rode 250 m in two directions at around 25, 32, and 40 km·h-1 and in each of the three po...
Objectives:
This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at investigating the isolated effects of caffeine and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) ingestion on repeated sprint ability (RSA).
Methods:
Following a search through PubMed and Scopus, 13 studies (7 with caffeine and 6 with NaHCO3) were found to meet inclusion criteria. Random-eff...
Combat sports encompass a range of sports, each involving physical combat between participants. Such sports are unique, with competitive success influenced by a diverse range of physical characteristics. Effectively identifying and evaluating each characteristic is essential for athletes and support staff alike. Previous research investigating the...
Two studies were conducted to examine the effects of ice slushy ingestion (ICE) and cold water immersion (CWI) on thermoregulatory and sweat responses during constant (study 1) and self-paced (study 2) exercise. In study 1, 11 men cycled at 40–50% of peak aerobic power for 60 min (33.2 ± 0.3°C, 45.9 ± 0.5% relative humidity, RH). In study 2, 11 men...
Introduction/Purpose: This study examined the influence of acute dehydration on neuromuscular function.
Methods: On separate days, combat sports athletes experienced in acute dehydration practices (n = 14) completed a 3 h passive heating intervention (40°C, 63% relative humidity) to induce dehydration (DHY) or a thermoneutral euhydration control (2...
New finding:
What is the central question of this study? To determine how 14 days of LHTL at simulated altitude alters an individual's metabolomic/metabolic profile? What is the main finding and its importance? This study demonstrated that ∼200 h of moderate simulated altitude exposure showed greater variance in measured metabolites between-person...
We demonstrate that sleep is preceded by distal skin vasodilation in preterm nenoates and children, which may play a key role in facilitating sleep onset. It can be hypothesized that sleep propensity could be improved in neonates and children by mild manipulations of distal skin temperatures, as has been previously show effective in adults.
In the life of an athlete, and cyclists are no different, training accompanies and characterizes the person’s entire career, from youth to adulthood. Indeed, a good longitudinal training strategy is, together with a few other fundamental aspects described in this book, what takes a young cyclist from the playground to the Olympic Games. Training do...
Cycling is a complex and demanding sport with performance being influenced by a wide range of physical, physiological, biomechanical and psychological factors. While performance is understandably best assessed in real world competition or field settings, laboratory testing can be important in various aspects of athlete development and training opti...
The objectives of this article are to compare oxygen consumption (VO2) and perceptual responses between continuous and interval eccentric cycling protocols in order to test the hypothesis that metabolic demand and enjoyment would be greater for interval than continuous eccentric cycling protocols. Eleven recreationally active men (n = 9) and women...
INTRODUCTION:
Performance of steady-state endurance exercise close to lactate threshold is reduced in substantially hot and cold environmental temperatures (TA), demonstrating an inverse U-shaped relationship between TA and endurance performance (Galloway and Maughan, 1997; Peiffer and Abbiss, 2011). Paradoxically, endurance athletes train a small...
Prior research indicates that providing participants with positive augmented feedback tends to enhance motor learning and performance, whereas the opposite occurs with negative feedback. However, the majority of studies were conducted with untrained participants performing unfamiliar motor tasks and so it remains unclear if elite athletes completin...
The relationship between patterns of change in skin temperature and sleep is well recognized. In particular, there is a rapid rise in distal skin temperature (Tdistal) and slower rise in proximal skin temperature (Tproximal) prior to sleep onset. The difference between Tdistal and Tproximal is known as the distal-proximal gradient (DPG). Rise in DP...
Farley, ORL, Secomb, JL, Raymond, ER, Lundgren, LE, Ferrier, BK, Abbiss, CR, and Sheppard, JM. Workloads of competitive surfing: work-to-relief ratios, surf-break demands, and updated analysis. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2018-The study provides an in-depth descriptive and quantitative time-motion analysis of competitive surfing, using Glob...
Purpose:
This study compared cardio-pulmonary responses between incremental concentric and eccentric cycling tests, and examined factors affecting the maximal eccentric cycling capacity.
Methods:
On separate days, nine men and two women (32.6 ± 9.4 years) performed an upright seated concentric (CON) and an eccentric (ECC) cycling test, which sta...
Purpose:
To characterize the physiological profiles of elite cross-country mountain bike (XCO-MTB) cyclists, and to examine their pacing and power output (PO) distribution during international races.
Methods:
Over two competitive seasons, eight elite male XCO-MTB cyclists (VO2max: 79.9 ± 5.2 ml.min-1.kg-1, MAP: 411 ± 18 W and 6.3 ± 0.4 W.kg-1) r...
Purpose:
This study examined the power output distribution and sprint characteristics of professional female road cyclists.
Methods:
31 race files, representing top-five finishes, were collected from seven professional female cyclists. Files were analysed for sprint characteristics including; mean and peak power output, velocity and duration. Th...
Purpose:
This study investigated whether reported improvements in blood flow distribution, and the possible related effects on thermoregulation during exercise following supplementation with beetroot juice (BR), a rich source of dietary nitrate (NO3-), are mitigated in the heat.
Methods:
12 male endurance-trained cyclists (age 27 ± 6 years, VO2p...
Purpose:
To investigate the effect of sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) on performance and estimated energy system contribution during simulated taekwondo combat.
Methods:
Nine taekwondo athletes completed two experimental sessions separated by at least 48 h. Athletes consumed 300 mg/kg body mass of NaHCO3 or placebo (CaCO3) 90 min before the combat s...
Introduction:
Leg order during sequential single-leg cycling (i.e. exercising both legs independently within a single session) may affect local muscular responses potentially influencing adaptations. This study examined the cardiovascular and skeletal muscle hemodynamic responses during double-leg and sequential single-leg cycling.
Methods:
Ten...
This study compared the effect of passive rest (CON) and water immersion at 8.6±0.2°C (CWI9), 14.6±0.3°C (CWI15) and 35.0±0.4°C (thermoneutral water immersion [TWI]) on post-exercise heart rate variability (HRV) indices. In a climate chamber (32.8±0.4°C, 32±5% relative humidity), nine men completed 25 min of cycling at the first ventilatory thresho...
Purpose:
Combat sports are typically divided into weight classes and body mass manipulation to reach a weight class is commonplace. Previous research suggests that mixed martial arts (MMA) weight loss practices may be more extreme than other combat sports. We sought to investigate the magnitude of weight lost and prevalence of weight loss strategi...
This review evaluated the effects of precooling via cold water immersion (CWI) and ingestion of ice slurry/slushy or crushed ice (ICE) on endurance performance measures (e.g. time-to-exhaustion and time trials) and psychophysiological parameters (core [Tcore] and skin [Tskin] temperatures, whole body sweat [WBS] response, heart rate [HR], thermal s...
Over the past few decades the possibility to capture real-time data from road cyclists has drastically improved. Given the increasing pressure for improved transparency and openness, there has been an increase in publication of cyclists' physiological and performance data. Recently, it has been suggested that the use of such performance biometrics...
Purpose:
of this study was to examine and compare perceptions of effort and exertion during eccentric and concentric cycling at four intensities.
Methods:
Ten healthy male participants (mean ± SD; age: 29.8 ± 2.3 y) performed an incremental cycling test for the determination of maximal aerobic power output (MAP), followed in a randomized and cro...
This study sought to determine the influence of acute dehydration on physical performance and physiology in Mixed Martial Arts (MMA). MMA athletes (n=14; age: 23±4 years), completed in a randomised counterbalanced order a dehydration protocol, (DHY: 3 h cycling at 60 W in 40°C to induce 5% dehydration) or thermoneutral control (25°C: CONT) exercise...
Money has frequently been used as an extrinsic motivator since it is assumed that humans are willing to invest more effort for financial reward. However, the influence of a monetary reward on pacing and performance in trained athletes is not well-understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the influence of a monetary reward in well-...
Introduction.
Cycling power output may be influenced by rider specialisation (Sallet et al. 2006), topography (Vogt et al. 2007) and road gradient (Nimmerichter et al. 2012). However, little is known with regards to the maximal power output achieved by professional cyclists during competition. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to examin...
Introduction
It has recently been shown that pacing differs between time- (6 min) and distance-based (4km) cycling time trials (Abbiss et al., 2016). However, it is unclear if prior experience in time- and distance-based trials affects pacing, performance and perceptual responses. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of familiarisati...
In any athletic event, the ability to appropriately distribute energy is essential to prevent premature fatigue prior to the completion of the event. In sport science literature this is termed “pacing.” Within the past decade, research aiming to better understand the underlying mechanisms influencing the selection of an athlete's pacing during exer...
Purpose:
To examine the influence of manipulating aerobic contribution following whole blood removal on pacing patterns, performance and energy contribution during self-paced middle distance cycling.
Methods:
Seven male cyclists (33 ± 8 y) completed an incremental cycling test followed 20 min later by a 4-min self-paced cycling time trial (4MMP)...
Purpose:
To describe the within-season external workloads of professional male road cyclists for optimal training prescription.
Methods:
Training and racing of four international competitive professional male cyclists (age 24 ± 2 y, body mass 77.6 ± 1.5 kg) were monitored for 12 months prior to the world team time trial championships. Three with...
Training in front of mirrors is common, yet little is known about how the use of mirrors effects muscle force production. Accordingly, we investigated how performing in front of a mirror influences performance in single and multi-joint tasks, and compared the mirror condition to the established performance effects of internal focus (IF) and externa...
Absolute values for both experiments.
(XLSX)
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of three swim pacing profiles on subsequent performance during a sprint distance triathlon (SDT).
Methods:
Nine competitive/trained male triathletes completed five experimental sessions, including a graded running exhaustion test, a 750 m swim time-trial (STT), and three SDTs. The...
Background: Time of day has been shown to impact athletic performance with changes of up to 10% detected throughout the day. Physiological factors such as body temperature and hormonal responses display individual circadian rhythms and are believed to be associated with alterations in performance. These factors may also contribute to variations in...
DESPITE THE HIGH METABOLIC DEMANDS OF SURFING, THE LITERATURE ON SURFERS' AEROBIC AND ANAEROBIC CHARACTERISTICS IS LIMITED. PREVIOUS STUDIES HAVE USED TETHERED BOARD PADDLING, ARM CRANKING, SWIM BENCH ERGOMETERS, AND MODIFIED KAYAK ERGOMETERS TO INVESTIGATE PEAK OR MAXIMAL AEROBIC CAPACITY. THIS REVIEW INCLUDES RESEARCH INVESTIGATING SURFING-RELATE...
