Chloe Campbell

Chloe Campbell
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Chloe verified their affiliation via an institutional email.
Verified
Chloe verified their affiliation via an institutional email.
University College London | UCL · Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology

PhD

About

107
Publications
49,371
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Introduction
Chloe Campbell is Deputy Director of the Psychoanalysis Unit in the Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London.

Publications

Publications (107)
Article
Drawing on developmental psychopathology and thinking about the we-mode of social cognition, we propose that historical myths – be they on the scale of the family, the nation, or an ethnic group – are an expression and function of our need to join with other minds. As such, historical myths are one cognitive technology used to facilitate social lea...
Article
Full-text available
Epistemic trust ‐ defined as readiness to regard knowledge, communicated by another agent, as significant, relevant to the self, and generalizable to other contexts–has recently been applied to the field of developmental psychopathology as a potential risk factor for psychopathology. The work described here sought to investigate how the vulnerabili...
Article
This article explores the implications of epistemic trust within the mentalizing model of psychopathology and psychotherapy, emphasizing the role of the restoration of epistemic trust in therapeutic settings. At the core of this exploration is the developmental theory of mentalizing, which posits that an individual's ability to understand mental st...
Article
Full-text available
Before the maturation of higher-order cognitive functions, infants primarily communicate via bodily expressions. Their behavior adjustments are also shaped by caregiver reactions, which differ in timing, intensity, and nature. Although mentalizing, or reflective functioning, is thought to influence caregiver interactions, the literature has largely...
Article
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There is growing concern about the impact of declining political trust on democracies. Psychological research has introduced the concept of epistemic (mis)trust as a stable disposition acquired through development, which may influence our sociopolitical engagement. Given trust’s prominence in current politics, we examined the relationship between e...
Article
Full-text available
Introduction In recent years, the concept of epistemic trust has emerged as a critical factor in understanding psychopathology, particularly within the context of personality disorders. A self-report instrument, the Epistemic Trust, Mistrust, and Credulity Questionnaire (ETMCQ), has demonstrated its validity among English and Italian adult populati...
Article
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In this paper, dedicated to Dante Cicchetti’s contributions and enduring influence, we explore the prospective directions of developmental psychopathology. Our focus centers on key domains where Cicchetti’s significant achievements have continually shaped our evolving thinking about psychological development. These domains include (a) the concepts...
Chapter
This chapter explains the role of mentalizing in infant development, describing how the emergence of an agentive self is associated with the acquisition of the capacity to mentalize. Mentalizing caregivers respond with contingent and marked affective displays of their own experience in response to the child’s subjective experience, thus enabling th...
Article
This commentary reviews the Journal of Personality Disorders special issue “Interpersonal Trust and Borderline Personality Disorder: Insights From Clinical Practice and Research,” published in Volume 37, Number 5, October 2023.
Article
Full-text available
Previous research shows that the propensity to endorse conspiracy theories is associated with disrupted forms of epistemic trust, i.e., the appropriate openness towards interpersonally communicated information. There are associations, first, with an increased mistrust in several actors and institutions responsible for the communication of informati...
Article
Full-text available
Originally rooted in philosophy and sociology, the concept of epistemic trust has recently transitioned to developmental psychopathology, illuminating social-cognitive processes in psychopathology. This narrative review synthesizes empirical evidence on epistemic trust to inform future research. A literature search highlighted 3 areas: i) the devel...
Chapter
Cambridge Textbook of Neuroscience for Psychiatrists is a 'one stop shop' for what any psychiatrist needs to know about the brain. Understanding the brain and mind requires a vast array of techniques and conceptual approaches. The Editors have assembled a team of basic neuroscientists, geneticists, psychologists, psychiatrists, neurologists, neuros...
Article
Building on the notion of epistemic trust as facilitating social learning, in this article we clarify how interventions from mentalization-based treatment (MBT) for borderline personality disorder generate this process. We suggest first that being mentalized is a critical cue in interactions to establish epistemic trust and second that epistemic mi...
Article
Full-text available
Introduction Mentalization, operationalized as reflective functioning (RF), allows individuals to interpret actions as caused by intentional mental states. Previous research highlighted the gender‐specific associations between adolescents' internalizing and externalizing difficulties and mentalizing impairments. In addition, research suggested that...
Book
A complete and practical guide offering a concise overview of mentalization-based treatment (MBT) and its application in different situations and with different groups of patients to help improve the treatment of mental health disorders. Featuring an introduction to mentalizing and the evidence base to support it, followed by the principles of MBT...
Article
Focusing on imagination and the social context in the generation of conviction narratives, we propose that these elements are dynamically related to one another, and crucially that it is the nature of this relationship that determines individuals' level of epistemic openness and capacity to respond adaptively to update their narratives in a way tha...
Chapter
Mentalization-based treatment (MBT) for psychosis focuses on the decoupling of bodily and mental experience as well as the stresses of mentalizing during social interaction. In a framework of mentalizing, psychotic phenomena can be represented as severe disturbances to the experience of oneself as a coherent unit. Clinical treatment that aims to in...
Chapter
Interactive mentalizing is a problem for couples who are struggling to relate to each other constructively. Mentalization-based treatment for couples (MBT-CO) is a structured intervention that targets the ability to see things from the other person’s perspective, and the recovery of epistemic trust. Initially couples are asked to identify their own...
Chapter
In MBT for families (MBT-F), psychoeducation leads to learning about mentalizing problems. Techniques that stabilize mentalizing in all family members are discussed. The stabilizing of individual and interactive mentalizing in the family is achieved through exploration of identified problems using the MBT Loop to bring the family members together s...
Chapter
MBT-Children (MBT-C) targets the mentalizing of children and their families. A range of techniques that are tailored to the child’s mentalizing capacity are discussed in this chapter. MBT-C involves working not only with the child but also with the parents, to support their capacity to adopt a mentalizing stance toward their child. The mentalizing...
Chapter
There is considerable evidence of mentalizing problems in patients with eating disorders, with non-mentalizing modes, especially in relation to body weight and shape, being dominant. The mentalizing model assumes the existence of developmental vulnerabilities, especially during adolescence, and that the range of different symptoms associated with e...
Chapter
A mentalizing framework for understanding narcissism is outlined, and the resulting modifications of basic mentalization-based treatment (MBT) for narcissistic personality disorder are discussed. Treatment of patients with pathological narcissism requires an emphasis on empathic validation and support of the vulnerable “I-mode.” The dangers of not...
Chapter
Mentalizing or “mind-wondering” is central to social interaction, culture, and morality. In our everyday life we are all philosophers of the mind, wondering what is going on in other people’s heads, and tracking our own thoughts and feelings. Several terms have been used to cover this territory of thinking about thoughts—they include, among others,...
Chapter
This chapter describes the structure of mentalization-based treatment group therapy (MBT-G) for adults and adolescents, and explains how to focus on the mentalizing process in the group. Clinical examples are used for illustrative purposes throughout, and the progress of the patient who was described in Chapter 4 is discussed. The introduction of n...
Chapter
The development of mentalizing and non-mentalizing is discussed along with the importance of mentalizing as a psychotherapy process in the treatment of mental health problems. A defining feature of mental disorder is the experience of “wild imagination,” and we consider that mentalizing difficulties—that is, the tendency to get caught up in unhelpf...
Chapter
From a mentalizing perspective, symptoms of depression arise from reactions to threats to attachment relationships—and thus threats to the self—and associated impairments in mentalizing problems. Mentalization-based treatment (MBT) for depression targets mentalizing impairments, dominant attachment styles, and problems with epistemic trust. Depress...
Chapter
From a mentalizing perspective, in attachment trauma an individual’s experience of adversity is compounded by the sense that they have to be able to bear that experience alone. An overwhelming experience cannot be calibrated and managed within an attachment relationship. Normally another mind provides the social referencing that enables an individu...
Chapter
The case of a patient who is receiving mentalization-based treatment (MBT) is described. All of the stages and interventions of MBT, including interventions for suicidality and violence, are illustrated across the patient’s treatment trajectory. The formulation agreed with the patient is the focus for treatment. Clinical examples are presented to i...
Chapter
MBT for avoidant personality disorder (AvPD) targets hypermentalizing and hypomentalizing modes along with the problems associated with mentalizing problems found in the polarities of self/other mentalizing which become apparent when the patient engages with their social world. Reducing overuse of the self is central to treatment. The experience of...
Chapter
Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and violence result from a loss of mentalizing. Mentalization-based treatment for antisocial personality disorder (MBT-ASPD) is delivered primarily as a group intervention. Individuals with ASPD are more likely to learn from those whom they consider to be similar to themselves, so the task of the MBT clinician...
Chapter
This chapter outlines the use of mentalizing as an essential process for unifying teams and creating a caring environment in relation to schools, fostering of children, and caring for babies in adverse circumstances. An individual’s mentalizing is strongly influenced by their social environment. Any intervention that aims to treat a person with men...
Chapter
The principles of mentalization-based treatment (MBT) as they are applied in clinical practice are discussed. Both the clinician and the patient need to learn to manage their anxiety, as any stress can potentially undermine the ability to mentalize. This chapter focuses in particular on how to maintain the appropriate balance between attachment anx...
Chapter
Social mentalizing informs the theory and practice of mentalization-based treatment for adolescents (MBT-A). Adolescence is, among other things, a time for establishing a self-identity and learning about how to interact effectively with a peer group. A focus on balancing mentalizing in peer and family interactions is crucial, with special attention...
Chapter
Emergency care teams need to organize their response to crises around shared assessment procedures. This chapter describes how MBT can inform emergency care when a crisis is handled by the multidisciplinary team of mental health practitioners in psychiatric emergency settings. Development of the formulation according to mentalizing principles creat...
Article
Recently, researchers from developmental and clinical psychology highlighted epistemic trust (ET) as a key factor for personality disorders. ET is intended as the mental openness to information coming from others during social exchanges. ET develops from signals called ostensive cues, delivered through facial expressions during interactions in a se...
Article
Full-text available
This article reviews the current status of research on the relationship between attachment and trauma in developmental psychopathology. Beginning with a review of the major issues and the state-of-the-art in relation to current thinking in the field of attachment about the impact of trauma and the inter-generational transmission of trauma, the revi...
Chapter
Meeting the complex needs of some of the most vulnerable populations in our society often involves the need for connected networks of care providing health, social care, educational and voluntary sector services. This presents major challenges for both clients and practitioners for this to work well. Adaptive mentalization based integrative treatme...
Book
Meeting the complex needs of some of the most vulnerable populations in our society often involves the need for connected networks of care providing health, social care, educational and voluntary sector services. This presents major challenges for both clients and practitioners for this to work well. Adaptive mentalization based integrative treatme...
Article
Full-text available
The construct of epistemic trust has received much consideration in recent psychological literature, even though mainly from a theoretical perspective. The overall aim of this study was to validate the first self-report measure of epistemic trust–the Epistemic Trust, Mistrust, and Credulity Questionnaire (ETMCQ)–in an Italian sample. Our primary go...
Article
This commentary argues the case for developmental psychopathology in understanding social learning. Informed by work on “epistemic disruption,” we have described difficulties with social learning associated with many forms of psychopathology. Epistemic disruption manifests in an inability to move between innovation and conformity, and arises from p...
Article
Full-text available
Objective: Mentalizing is the ability to interpret one's own and others' behavior as driven by intentional mental states. Epistemic trust (openness to interpersonally transmitted information) has been associated with mentalizing. Balanced mentalizing abilities allow people to cope with external and internal stressors. Studies show that social isol...
Article
Full-text available
A theoretical paper in which the theory of mentalizing and epistemic trust are applied to thinking about the relationship between social systems and individual subjective experiences, and how this relationship may be shaped by developmental history, such as attachment experiences, exposure to childhood adversity, and the experience of being mentali...
Article
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Although the theory of epistemic trust has started informing research in clinical populations and psychotherapy, no study has yet explored the phenomenon of epistemic trust and mistrust in depressed adolescents receiving psychotherapy. The present study aims to address this gap by creating a typology of depressed adolescents' experiences regarding...
Article
Full-text available
This paper commemorates the work of Carlo Strenger, a prolific writer and unparalleled critic of contemporary culture, with a focus on his thinking concerning the role of cultural changes, and globalization in particular, on the development of what he termed the fear of insignificance. We relate Strenger’s thinking in this regard to socio-evolution...
Preprint
The alarming spread of fake news and the breakdown of collective trust in sources of information is a major ongoing concern. Public mistrust and conspiracy beliefs canchange behaviour in a way that profoundly alters society’s reaction to new information. However, we still lack a broad psychological and socio-evolutionary understanding ofthe transmi...
Article
Full-text available
Epistemic trust (ET) refers to trust in communicated knowledge. This paper describes the development and validation of a new self-report questionnaire, the Epistemic Trust, Mistrust and Credulity Questionnaire (ETMCQ). We report on two studies (Study 1, n = 500; Study 2, n = 705) examining the psychometric properties of the ETMCQ and the relationsh...
Article
This paper proposes a model for developmental psychopathology that is informed by recent research suggestive of a single model of mental health disorder (the p factor) and seeks to integrate the role of the wider social and cultural environment into our model, which has previously been more narrowly focused on the role of the immediate caregiving c...
Article
Full-text available
Childhood neglect is the most common type of maltreatment, ranging from minor isolated incidents to consistent failures in emotional/physical caregiving. It has been associated with developmental impairments and considered a risk factor for the emergence of psychopathology, particularly internalizing disorders. This study aimed to explore individua...
Conference Paper
Full-text available
Background The concept of epistemic trust captures one’s willingness to receive new information as trustworthy and relevant, underpinning one’s learning capacity to internalize new knowledge and generalize them in a wider context. The lack of epistemic trust may link to the emergence and persistence of general psychopathology. As a recently introdu...
Article
The article explores ideas about the role of group mentalizing—the experience of joint attention and shared intentionality—as a process that can support the emergence of more collaborative and salutogenic social functioning. This is based on developmental and evolutionary thinking about the importance of joint attention in human social cognitive de...
Article
This article suggests two areas of future development in the realm of personality pathology. Firstly, a reconceptualization of personality pathology in the context of research evidence suggestive of a single model for psychopathology. Recent work on the “p factor”, in combination with findings from clinical research, behavior genetics, molecular bi...
Article
Full-text available
Background Over 600 RCTs have demonstrated the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions for children and young people’s mental health, but little is known about the long-term outcomes. This systematic review sought to establish whether the effects of selective and indicated interventions were sustained at 12 months. Method We conducted a system...
Article
Attachment approaches have played a crucial role in furthering our understanding of individuals with personality disorders (PDs) and their treatment. Yet, recent years have witnessed the emergence of a number of findings that urge us to reconsider the role of attachment in PDs. Besides the overlap between conceptualizations of attachment and core f...
Article
Full-text available
An overview of the work the approach taken by the Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families in the rapid transition to remote working in response to the coronavirus lockdown. We outline some of the challenges of remote working and how we are seeking to mitigate them, informed by the over‐riding principle that individual relationships and...
Article
Mentalizing is the capacity to understand others and oneself in terms of internal mental states. It is assumed to be underpinned by four dimensions: automatic–controlled, internally–externally focused, self–other, and cognitive–affective. Research suggests that mental disorders are associated with different imbalances in these dimensions. Addressin...
Chapter
This chapter gives an account of the different psychoanalytic traditions and their approaches to PD: the Kleinian/Bionian model, the British object relations perspective, Kohut’s self psychology, the structural object relations model, the interpersonal-relational approach, and mentalizing theory. The chapter goes on to describe two contemporary psy...
Article
Full-text available
This paper, written to commemorate the fifth anniversary of Sidney J. Blatt’s death, addresses the legacy of his work on autonomy and relatedness as fundamental dimensions in normal and disrupted personality development. We begin this paper by exploring what it was about Blatt’s contributions in this area that made it so resonant and valuable to th...
Article
This paper seeks to elucidate the phenomenological experience of psychotherapy in the context of the theory of mentalizing and epistemic trust. We describe two related phenomenological experiences that are the domain of psychotherapeutic work. The first is the patient’s direct experience of their own personal narrative being recognized, marked and...
Article
Full-text available
Issues that had been controversial a decade ago in psychoanalytic psychotherapy are mostly no longer so. There is for example little discussion now about the advantages or disadvantages of a relational approach: the overwhelming evidence favouring an interpersonal frame of reference for both development and adult functioning is generally accepted....
Article
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a relatively highly prevalent psychiatric disorder that is associated with very high personal and socioeconomic costs. This paper provides a state‐of‐the art review of the relationship between complex trauma and key features of BPD, with a focus on problems with self‐coherence and self‐continuity. We first r...
Chapter
The mentalizing approach to the understanding and treatment of trauma has focused mainly on early attachment trauma (Fonagy, Luyten, and Campbell 2017). However, we suggest here that aspects of the theory and practice of mentalization-based interventions may be useful in shedding light on the subject of trauma caused by state violence and repressio...
Article
We welcome Hopwood’s timely analysis and fully concur with his emphasis on interpersonal dynamics as central to personality development. We discuss four areas of agreement: the advantages of a dimensional approach, the limitations of a trait approach, the need to shift from a categorical to a dimensional approach, and the centrality of interpersona...
Chapter
The relationship between attachment theory and psychoanalysis, historically, has not been an easy one (Cassidy & Shaver, 2008; Eagle, 2013; Fonagy, 2001). But in recent years, developments in both fields have led to a growing rapprochement (Eagle, 2013; Holmes, 2009). Changes in psychoanalytic thinking have made it more accommodating of attachment...
Chapter
‘New Beginnings’ (NB) is a structured, manualized program that addresses the mother–baby relationship within a group format. The program, developed at the Anna Freud Centre (Baradon, 2009, 2013), works with the nuanced, cross-modal emotional interactions between mother and infant, tracking attunement and communication errors and emphasizing interac...
Chapter
The model described here – Creating a Peaceful School Learning Environment (CAPSLE) – uniquely applies mentalizing thinking combined with work on power and shame dynamics, to create an institutional climate where the student is better able to deal with bullying aggression and other critical psychodynamic climate factors.
Article
In this paper we conceptualize borderline personality disorder as a disorder of mentalizing, social cognition, and loss of resilience. Several treatment approaches are effective, and meta-analyses suggest that there are few substantive differences in effectiveness between them and between specialized and non-specialized approaches. We propose that...
Article
This article begins with a reflection on the tensions that have existed at the intersection of attachment theory, psychoanalysis, and the use of empirical research methods. This discourse is described as having evolved considerably, involving some elements of intellectual détente and other elements of entrenchment (on both sides). It is suggested t...
Article
Full-text available
In Part 1 of this paper, we discussed emerging evidence suggesting that a general psychopathology or ‘p’ factor underlying the various forms of psychopathology should be conceptualized in terms of the absence of resilience, that is, the absence of positive reappraisal mechanisms when faced with adversity. These impairments in the capacity for posit...
Article
Full-text available
This paper sets out a recent transition in our thinking in relation to psychopathology associated with personality disorder, in an approach that integrates our thinking about attachment, mentalizing (understanding ourselves and others in terms of intentional mental states) and epistemic trust (openness to the reception of social communication that...
Article
This article sets out the relevance of recent theoretical developments in the areas of mentalizing, attachment and epistemic trust in relation to group therapy. It begins with an account of the role of mentalizing in the attachment context in the development of epistemic trust—defined as trust in the authenticity and personal relevance of interpers...
Article
Bad Blood revisited: Attachment and psychoanalysis, 2015. -This article attempts to trace the intellectual history of the relationship between at-Tachment theory and psychoanalytic thinking, and considers where we are now in the discourse between the two fields. The authors describe some of the points of convergence, as well as areas of continuing...
Article
The commentary begins by briefly summarizing some of the key ideas of the target paper and locates them within the context of the theories of attachment and mentalization, emphasizing how the idea of mentalizing homeostasis adds to the richness of these theories, and counters some of their possible weaknesses by reaffirming the highly physical natu...
Article
Over the past decades, meta-analyses have failed to find almost any clinically meaningful differences in efficacy between the various evidence-based psychotherapies. This has led to the formulation of the so-called “Dodo bird verdict”, based on the Alice in Wonderland story, which argues that “all [psychotherapies] have won and all must have prizes...