Chithan C Kandaswami

University at Buffalo, State University of New York | SUNY Buffalo · Department of Medicine

Flavonoids luteolin and quercetin can inhibit growth and metastasis of cancer cells. In our previous report, luteolin and quercetin was shown to block Akt/mTOR/c-Myc signaling. Here, we found luteolin and quercetin reduced protein level and transactivation activity of RPS19 in A431-III cells, which is isolated from parental A431 (A431-P) cell line....

We previously reported that the dietary flavonoids, luteolin and quercetin, might inhibit the invasiveness of cervical cancer by reversing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling. However, the regulatory mechanism exerted by luteolin and quercetin is still unclear. This study analyzed the invasiveness activation by ubiquitin E2S ligase (U...

A highly invasive Du145-III subline was isolated by three successive passages of the parental Du145 prostate tumor cell line (Du145-P) through a Boyden chamber with matrigel-coated membrane support. Du145-III cells showed great invasion potential based on their increased ability to spread/migrate and enhanced expression/secretion of the matrix meta...

The dietary flavonoids luteolin and quercetin are reported to inhibit cancer mobility; however, the regulatory effect of luteolin and quercetin on RPS12 is still unclear. Here, we found that A431-III cells expressed a higher level of RPS12 than A431-P cells. The flavonoids luteolin and quercetin reduced RPS12 and c-Myc expressions via Akt/mTOR sign...

Metastasis is a major cause of mortality in cancer patients. Invadopodia are considered to be crucial structures that allow cancer cells to penetrate across the extracellular matrix (ECM) by using matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Previously, we isolated a highly invasive A431-III subline from parental A431 cells by Boyden chamber assay. The A431-I...

The Snail superfamily of zinc-finger transcription factors are involved in processes that result in pronounced cell movement during embryonic development and are also associated with the acquisition of invasive and migratory properties during tumor progression. Snail was first described in Drosophila melanogaster, where it was shown to be essential...

Cancer progression is closely linked to the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. Studies have shown that there is increased expression of tissue tranglutaminase (TG2) in advanced invasive cancer cells. TG2 catalyzes the covalent cross-linking of proteins, exhibits G protein activity, and has been implicated in the modulation of cell adh...

Highly invasive A431-III cells, which are derived from parental A431-P cells, were originally isolated by three successive passages through a Boyden chamber using a Matrigel-coated membrane support. The greater invasion potential shown by A431-III cells was due to their increased ability to spread/migrate, which was associated with enhanced MMP act...

One of the most fundamental biological processes in tumor metastasis is the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). During EMT, zinc-finger-family of transcription factors such as Snail, Slug and Twist, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are upregulated, and this correlates with increased tumor cell invasion and motility. We previousl...

The Role of the Transcriptional Regulator Snail in Development and Cancer Biology (2011). Authors: Chun-Yu Lin, Pei-Hsun Tsai, Kevin P-H, Lee, Jhen-Jia Fan Chithan C. Kandaswami, Pei-Wen, Hsiao Ming-Ting Lee NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS: Open access PDF: https://www.novapublishers.com/catalog/product_info.php?products_id=35363

The effect of moderate dehydration and consequent fluid replenishment on short-duration maximal treadmill performance was studied in eight healthy, fit (VO2max = 49.7 +/- 8.7 mL kg-1 min-1) males aged 28 +/- 7.5 yrs. The study involved a within subject, blinded, crossover, placebo design. Initially, all subjects performed a baseline exercise test u...

Grape seed extract refers to a mixture of bioactive components extracted from Vitis vinifera seeds. This entry deals with the chemistry of grape seed extract as well as recent clinical research that has suggested its benefits in areas such as blood pressure, inflammation, and other aspects of the metabolic protection syndrome. Grape seed extract c...

The flavonoids comprise a large class of low-molecular-weight plant metabolites ubiquitously distributed in food plants. These dietary antioxidants exert significant antitumor, antiallergic, and anti-inflammatory effects. The molecular mechanisms of their biological effects remain to be clearly understood. We investigated the anti-inflammatory pote...

Grape seed extract (GSE) refers to mixtures of catechin monomers, procyanidin oligomers, and procyanidin polymers extracted from Vitis vinifera seeds. These bioactive components are reducing agents and hydrogen- donating antioxidants. Their intrinsic properties are due to the polyphenolic nature. They exert diverse biologic effects in vitro at phar...

Bioactive ingredients of dietary origin show a propensity to stimulate energy expenditure by influencing subtle cellular and metabolic processes linked with energy dissipation. There is immense interest in these naturally occurring substances in view of their potential application in body weight reduction. Natural ingredients have received particul...

The flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found as integral components of the human diet. They are universally present as constituents of flowering plants, particularly of food plants. The flavonoids are phenyl substituted chromones (benzopyran derivatives) consisting of a 15-carbon basic skeleton (C-6-C-3-C-6), composed of a chroman (C-6-C-3) nucl...

The flavonoids are polyphenolic compounds found as integral components of the human diet. They are universally present as constituents of flowering plants, particularly of food plants. The flavonoids are phenyl substituted chromones (benzopyran derivatives) consisting of a 15-carbon basic skeleton (C6-C3-C6), composed of a chroman (C6-C3) nucleus (...

Grape seed extract components exhibit a wide range of biological effects as modifiers of inflammation and modulators of various enzyme systems. Potential benefits demonstrated in experimental studies include endothelium-dependent relaxation, impact on inflammatory mediator (cytokine) release by cells and on the oxidation of LDL-cholesterol, effects...

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK), a member of a growing family of structurally distinct protein tyrosine kinases (PTK), has been linked to specific phosphorylation events, and the elevation of FAK activity in human carcinoma cells correlated with increased invasive potential. Transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase...

Flavonoids are plant metabolites that are dietary antioxidants and exert significant anti-tumor, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects. It is generally accepted that Th-1 derived cytokines such as IL-2, IFNgamma and IL-12 promote cellular immunity while Th-2 derived cytokines such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 exert negative immunoregulator...

To glean insights into the mechanism of their action, we assessed the effects of two flavonoids, quercetin (Qu) and luteolin (Lu), on the growth and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase activity of MiaPaCa-2 cancer cells. Exposure of these EGFR-expressing cells to 20 microM Qu or Lu resulted in concomitant decreases in cellular p...

To glean insights into the mechanism of their action, we assessed the effects of two flavonoids, quercetin (Qu) and luteolin (Lu), on the growth and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase activity of MiaPaCa-2 cancer cells. Exposure of these EGFR-expressing cells to 20muM Qu or Lu resulted in concomitant decreases in cellular prote...

Although flavonoids manifest a diverse range of biological activities, including antitumor and antiviral effects, the molecular mechanisms underlying these activities await elucidation. We hypothesize that the flavonoid constituents of a proprietary grape seed extract (GSE) that contains procyandins exert significant antiviral and antitumor effects...

Flavonoids and related polyphenols, in addition to their cardioprotective, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and anti-allergic activities, also possess promising anti-HIV effects. Recent studies documented that the beta-chemokine receptors, CCR2b, CCR3 and CCR5, and the alpha-chemokine receptors, CXCR1, CXCR2 and CXCR4 serve as entry...

Flavonoids are nearly ubiquitous in plants and are recognized as the pigments responsible for the colors of leaves, especially in autumn. They are rich in seeds, citrus fruits, olive oil, tea, and red wine. They are low molecular weight compounds composed of a three-ring structure with various substitutions. This basic structure is shared by tocoph...

The flavonoids comprise a large class of low molecular weight plant metabolites ubiquitously distributed in plant food. These dietary antioxidants exert significant anti-tumor, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral effects. There is general acceptance that the Th-1 derived cytokines such as IL-2, IFNg and IL-12 promote cellular immunity....

Flavonoids are nearly ubiquitous in plants and are recognized as the pigments responsible for the colors of leaves, especially in autumn. They are rich in seeds, citrus fruits, olive oil, tea, and red wine. They are low molecular weight compounds composed of a three-ring structure with various substitutions. This basic structure is shared by tocoph...

Nair, Narayanan; Chawda, Ram; Mahajan, Supriya; Kandaswami, Chithan; Schwartz, Stanley A., 2001: Grape seed flavonoids induce interferon-g production by normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Faseb Journal. 15(5): A738, Ch 8

The Mediterranean coast, French cuisine, a glass of wine . . . or perhaps even two or three. And if wine is good for your health as well, how could it possibly get better? Several years ago, epidemiologists studying heart disease in Europe were struck by an unusual phenomenon . The prevailing view is that a diet high in fat eventually contributes t...

Flavonoids display a wide range of pharmacological properties including anti-inflammatory. Anti-mutagenic, anti-carcinogenic and anti-cancer effects. Here, we evaluated the effects of eight flavonoids on the tumour cell proliferation, cellular protein phosphorylation, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) secretion. Of the flavonoids examined, luteol...

Flavonoids and related polyphenols, in addition to their cardioprotective, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic and anti-allergic activities, also possess promising anti-HIV effects. Recent studies documented that the chemokine receptors, CCR2b, CCR3 and CCR5, and the alpha-chemokine receptors, CXCR1, CXCR2 and CXCR4 serve as entry core...

Nair MPN , , Schwartz, S.A

Karim M Kappagoda T C Kandaswami C.

THE HEALTH BENEFITS OF GAPESEED EXTRACT (with Dr. Dallas Cloture), 1998

The metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), chrysene and phenanthrene by liver microsomes of brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus) was investigated. Among the three PAHs, BaP was metabolized at the highest rate, chrysene at an intermediate rate and phenanthrene at the lowest rate. The liver microsomes from the control fish metabolized all three PAHs to...

The occurrence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), termed as prooxidants, is a characteristic of normal aerobic organisms. The term “reactive oxygen species” collectively denotes oxygen-centered radicals such as superoxide (O2•-)and hydroxyl (•OH), as well as nonradical species derived from oxygen, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), singlet oxygen (1Δ...

Nair MPN, Hou J, Sweet A, Stress and AIDS - neuroimmune mechanisms of apoptosis. JOURNAL OF ALLERGY CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY 95: 245, Part 2, (1995)

Nair MPN, Hou J, Sweet A, Kandaswami C, Middleton E Jr and Schwartz, S.A. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF NUTRITION 14:43 (1995)

The flavonoids make up a significant group of naturally occurring compounds commonplace in all vascular plants. Numerous potentially health-promoting effects have been accredited to the flavonoids on the basis of in vitro and experimental animal investigations. Flavonoids are found to affect the secrotory, motile, and mitogenic responses of cells s...

The occurrence of reactive oxygen species (ROS), termed as prooxidants, is a characteristic of normal aerobic organisms. The term “reactive oxygen species” collectively denotes oxygen-centered radicals such as superoxide (O2·-)and hydroxyl (·OH), as well as nonradical species derived from oxygen, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), singlet oxygen (1Δ...

Flavonoids are nearly ubiquitous in plants and are recognized as the pigments responsible for the colors of leaves, especially in autumn. They are rich in seeds, citrus fruits, olive oil, tea, and red wine. They are low molecular weight compounds composed of a three-ring structure with various substitutions. This basic structure is shared by tocoph...

We examined the effects of flavone and two polyhydroxylated plant flavonoids (quercetin and fisetin), either singly or in combination with ascorbic acid, on the growth of a human squamous cell carcinoma cell line (HTB 43) in vitro. Fisetin and quercetin significantly impaired cell growth in the presence of ascorbic acid. Exposure of cells to ascorb...

No doubt can remain that the flavonoids have profound effects on the function of immune and inflammatory cells as determined by a large number and variety of in vitro and some in vivo observations. That these ubiquitous dietary chemicals may have significant in vivo effects on homeostasis within the immune system and on the behavior of secondary ce...

We investigated the antiproliferative effect of two polyhydroxylated (quercetin and taxifolin) and two polymethoxylated (nobiletin and tangeretin) flavonoids against three cell lines in tissue culture. Tangeretin and nobiletin markedly inhibited the proliferation of a squamous cell carcinoma (HTB 43) and a gliosarcoma (9L) cell line at 2-8 microgra...

No doubt can remain that the flavonoids have profound effects on the function of immune and inflammatory cells as determined by a large number and variety of in vitro and some in vivo observations. That these ubiquitous dietary chemicals may have significant in vivo effects on homeostasis within the immune system and on the behavior of secondary ce...

The biological fate of intraperitoneally administered benzo[a]pyrene (BP) was investigated in the wild strain of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) maintained in flowing water. The tissue distribution of BP-derived radioactivity was determined at 24 and 72 h after treatment. Bile contained high concentrations of BP-derived radioactivity (7.9 μg BP bile...

We examined the effects of four plant flavonoids (quercetin, taxifolin, nobiletin and tangeretin) on the in vitro growth of a human squamous cell carcinoma cell line (HTB43). Cell cultures were treated with each flavonoid (2-8 micrograms/ml) for 3-7 days. Cell viability, as determined by counting cells, correlated well with that obtained from a col...

1. The in vitro metabolism of [3H]benzo[a]pyrene (BP) and [14C]benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol (BP-7,8-diol) by liver of brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus) was characterized, as was the formation and persistence of BP-DNA adducts in vivo. 2. Compared to rat liver microsomes, bullhead liver microsomes produced relatively larger amounts of BP-7,8-di...

We have investigated the biological fate of intraperitoneally administered benzo[a]pyrene (BP) in brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus) maintained in flowing water. The tissue distribution of benzo[a]pyrene-derived radioactivity at 24 and 72 h after treatment was determined. The highest concentration of BP-derived radioactivity was in bile (3.7 and...

We examined the metabolism of the carcinogen benzo[a]pyrene [BP] by hepatic microsomes from untreated brown bullhead (Ictalurus nebulosus) and mirror garp (Cyprinus carpio), two bottom-dwelling fish species. The rate of metabolism of BP by carp liver microsomes (455.1 ± 141.5 pmol/min per mg protein) was considerably higher than that obtained with...

The formation and persistence of benzo[a]pyrene (BP)-DNA adducts in the liver of brown bullheads (Ictalurus nebulosus) treated with the hydrocarbon (20 mg/kg body wt, i.p.) was investigated using the 32P-postlabeling assay. The highest level of covalent binding of BP to liver DNA (188 fmol BP adducts/mg DNA) was observed 25-30 days following treatm...

Quercetin exhibits antitumor activity. We investigated the effect of quercetin on the in vitro and in vivo growth of two squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and a normal human lung fibroblast-like cell line. The in vivo effect was evaluated using implantable cell growth chambers implanted subcutaneously in immunocompetent rats. Quercetin was injecte...

1. Liver microsomes from rats were considerably more active in metabolizing benzo[f]quinoline (B f Q) than those from brown bullheads (Ictalurus nebulosus). 2. The main B f Q metabolites formed by both rat and brown bullhead liver microsomes were qualitatively similar and included B f Q-7,8-dihydrodiol, B f Q-9,10-dihydrodiol, B f Q-N-oxide, 7-hydr...

The formation of hepatic DNA adducts in male Sprague-Dawley rats following i.p. administration of benzo[f]quinoline (BfQ) was examined using a 32P-post-labeling assay. BfQ exhibited a low binding (11-27 amol adducts/microgram DNA) to liver DNA. Two BfQ-nucleoside adducts (one major and one minor) were detected. The BfQ-DNA adducts formed in vivo we...

The metabolism of benzo[f]quinoline (BfQ) and its carbon analog phenanthrene has been compared in incubations with liver microsomes from control, 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC)- and phenobarbital (PB)-pretreated rats. The rates of phenanthrene metabolism by the three types of microsomes were 0.7, 4.1 and 1.5 nmol/mg protein per min, respectively; the...

Lipid peroxidation induced in rat alveolar macrophages incubated with chrysotile asbestos fibres was assessed by measuring the production of malondialdehyde. The rapid onset of lipid peroxidation in macrophages caused by these fibres suggests the process occurs during the attachment of the fibres on the macrophage membranes or during the very early...

The metabolism of [1,3-14C]benzo[f]quinoline (BfQ) by liver microsomes from control, 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC)-pretreated and phenobarbital (PB)-pretreated rats has been investigated in order to gain insights into the effect of mixed function oxidase inducers on the types and levels of specific metabolites as formed in vitro. The rates of metabol...

Chrysotile asbestos fibers impair the activities of rat liver microsomal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), aminopyrine (AP) N-demethylase and dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) demethylase in vitro. This inhibition is concentration-dependent. Preincubation of 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC)-pretreated rat liver microsomes with chrysotile depresses the overall...

Epidemiological studies (Selikoff and Lee 1978) show that asbestos exposure markedly potentiated the development of bronchogenic carcinoma associated with cigarette smoking. Animal experimental studies also reveal the synergistic effects of PAH, found in cigarette smoke, and asbestos in the genesis of lung cancer (Shabad et al. 1974). The mechanism...

The effects of chrysotile, water-leached chrysotile, and silica on microsomal metabolism of benzo(a)pyrene in vitro were studied. Examination of benzo(a)pyrene metabolites generated by 3-methylcholanthrene-pretreated rat liver microsomes, in the presence of chrysotile fibers, revealed a reduction in the overall metabolism of the hydrocarbon. Thus,...

The effect of asbestos on benzo(a)pyrene uptake by microsomal membranes and lipid micelles has been investigated. Asbestos mediates a rapid transport of the carcinogen into the membrane and also impairs benzo(a)pyrene metabolism in rabbit and rat liver microsomes by markedly inhibiting aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase.

A marked decrease in liver mitochondrial monoamine oxidase activity was noticed in rats fed a fat-free diet as compared with that of their controls. In lipid-deprived rats, the specific activity of this enzyme was very low towards different substrates studied. The activity of kynurenine 3-monooxygenase, which like monoamine oxidase is localized on...

The substrate specificity of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) in pancreatic and adipose tissues of obese mice and their lean counterparts was determined. The pancreatic MAO of obese mice had a greater specific activity than that of the lean mice. The white adipose tissue MAO was found to be more active than the brown adipose MAO in both groups...

Following earlier observations on the retention of 5-hydroxytryptamine oxidizing activity by a purified preparation of monoamine oxidase from rat liver mitochondria, this fraction has been obtained in a water-soluble form by Triton X-100 gradient gel filtration and DEAE-Bio-Gel A chromatography. The soluble fraction appears to depend on Triton X-10...

Monoamine oxidase was released from the mitochondrial membranes by treatment with Lubrol W and ultrasonic oscillations. The enzyme extract was more active on benzylamine than on 5-hydroxytryptamine, whereas upon further fractionation the specific activity of 5-hydroxytryptamine deamination increased over that of benzylamine. It was not possible to...