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Publications
Publications (39)
Grammar acquisition by non-native learners (L2) is typically less successful and may produce fundamentally different grammatical systems than that by native speakers (L1). The neural representation of grammatical processing between L1 and L2 speakers remains controversial. We hypothesized that working memory is the primary source of L1/L2 differenc...
Grammar acquisition by non-native learners (L2) is typically less successful and may produce fundamentally different grammatical systems than that by native speakers (L1). The neural representation of grammatical processing between L1 and L2 speakers remains controversial. We hypothesized that working memory is the primary source of L1/L2 differenc...
Grammar acquisition by non-native learners (L2) is typically less successful and may produce fundamentally different grammatical systems than that by native speakers (L1). The neural representation of grammatical processing between L1 and L2 speakers remains controversial. We hypothesized that working memory is the primary source of L1/L2 differenc...
It is now established that certain cognitive processes such as categorisation are tightly linked to the concepts encoded in language. Recent studies have shown that bilinguals with languages that differ in their concepts may show a shift in their cognition towards the L2 pattern primarily as a function of their L2 proficiency. This research has so...
Maki, Wasada, and Hashimoto developed the Minimal English Test (MET), which is a five-minute English as a Second Language (ESL) test. The Maki Group has, since the development of the MET, investigated correlations between the scores on the MET and the scores on other ESL tests, the reliability of the MET, and what kind of ESL proficiency the MET me...
Three experiments examined the cultural relativity of emotion recognition using the visual search task. Caucasian-English and Japanese participants were required to search for an angry or happy discrepant face target against an array of competing distractor faces. Both cultural groups performed the task with displays that consisted of Caucasian and...
Recent research shows that speakers of languages with obligatory plural marking (English) preferentially categorize objects based on common shape, whereas speakers of nonplural-marking classifier languages (Yucatec and Japanese) preferentially categorize objects based on common material. The current study extends that investigation to the domain of...
An experiment investigated whether Japanese speakers’ categorisation of objects and substances as shape or material is influenced by acquiring English, based on Imai and Gentner (1997). Subjects were presented with an item such as a cork pyramid and asked to choose between two other items that matched it for shape (plastic pyramid) or for material...
This research examines the correlation between English proficiency and long-term memory. Maki, Wasada, Hashimoto (2003) developed the Minimal English Test (MET), which is a simple test which measures one's English proficiency. The MET is a 5 minute test which requires the test taker to fill an English word with 4 letters or fewer into each of the 7...
Ladefoged and Maddieson (1996) separate /l/ sounds and /r/ sounds as laterals and rhotics respectively. They claim that traditionally English /l/ and /r/ phonemes have been grouped together as 'liquids' because they share certain phonetic and phonological characteristics. Phonetically liquids often form a special class in the phonetics of a languag...
If the Sapir-Whorf theory is correct, and a language shapes the way we think, and determines what we think about, the way of thinking should differ one from another depending on what language one speaks. There have been studies of bilingualism, however not many studies have focused on speakers' cognitive states, and what is happening in their minds...
In this paper some characteristics of English /l/ and /r/ are discussed in conjunction with the equivalent sounds in Japanese. It is well known and accepted that English /l/ and /r/ are the most difficult sounds for the Japanese to pronounce and hear (Miyawaki et al. 1975, Goto, 1971, McKain, et al. 1981, Takagi & Mann, 1995 etc.). The reason is th...