Chien-Sing Lee

Sunway University · Department of Information Systems

The metaverse has caught the imagination and investments of many. However, in developing countries, the metaverse may raise more questions, than answers. As such, this study aims to investigate first, student-designers’ perceptions towards what and how they want the metaverse to be like, and whether students would prioritize information flow; secon...

Background In contrast to the high rate of interest in artificial intelligence (AI) for business, the rate of AI adoption is much lower. It has been found that lack of consumer trust would adversely influence consumer’s evaluations of information given by AI. Hence the need for explanations in model results. MethodS This is especially the case in...

AR games such as Pokemon Go, Jurassic World Alive and other games encourage us to venture out in the real open world to also see the beauty of it. However, tourism has come almost to a virtual stop during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic and recovery is slow. We present a tile-based experience-sharing PixoMap, which incorporates some aspects...

The number of dementia seniors is increasing. It is important to maintain their quality of life as much as possible and reach the masses. However, there are not that many personalized recommender systems for dementia seniors. Hence, this study aims to develop simple fun games for seniors with mild cognitive impairment (the stage before dementia) an...

Lack of motivation to carry out rehabilitation exercise from a hand injury or stroke is one of the most challenging aspects faced by Occupational Therapy (OT) and Certified Occupational Therapy Assistants (COTA). Some patients refuse to exercise due to behavioral, psychological, or cognitive reasons. We hypothesize that recovery to their former act...

Information Science and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) have often formed the fundamentals of Information Systems Analysis and Design (ISAD) aimed at creating better user experiences and addressing information overload. Data compression and information compression have thus become symbiotic disciplines. This paper investigates the efficacy of incl...

The Movement Control Order (MCO) encourages mandatory stay-at-home and has resulted in much socio-economic-technical repercussions. As such, this study aims to identify lessons from innovative examples to quicken recovery for the tourism industry in Malaysia. We investigate two examples of global innovation and two examples of local innovation with...

Mathematics is core to many scientific disciplines as it trains the mind in representation, logic, and various data manipulations. Mathematics is thus the power of reasoning, creativity, problem-solving, and effective communication skills. Mathematics can, however, be difficult to learn if interest and teaching–learning approaches do not link theor...

Science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) and the inclusion of art and design into STEM (STEAM) as a mediator are increasingly emphasized in innovation and entrepreneurial blueprints across countries due to smart cities. Knowledge creation/construction towards a thriving ecosystem however, is not a given. This exploratory study aims t...

The emergence of Web 2.0 technologies have changed the way e-commerce can be sustained and improved to enhance competitive advantage. Integrating Web 2.0 technologies into e-commerce websites not only improves customer shopping experience but also enhances customer engagement. These evolutions in organizational and technological development require...

Cloud computing inherits all the systems, networks as well as Web Services' security vulnerabilities, in particular for software as a service (SaaS), where business applications or services are provided over the Cloud as Web Service (WS). Hence, WS-based applications must be protected against loss of integrity, confidentiality and availability when...

Purpose – Guidelines for the design of knowledge-based e-learning usability systems are absent from the current recognized set of usability design heuristics and from an established evaluation methodology of e-learning system developments. Such systems can help Web designers and instructional designers design for different user needs and decide wh...

Graduates are expected to be able to provide holistic solutions, capable of meeting diverse objectives simultaneously. We aim to investigate how students would conceptualize, make sense, desire to know, find solutions and subsequently progress to collaborate, communicate and create new artefacts. We hypothesize that there would be a higher likeliho...

Successful inculcation of lifelong learning dispositions and transfer of learning is critical. We aim to develop these through reflective framing and design thinking. The former helps in reformulating old problems or discovering new ones. The latter leads to the development of general principles, useful in helping learners to search for abstract pr...

With the proliferation of social Web applications, users can now collaboratively author, share and access hypermedia learning resources, contributing to richer learning experiences outside formal education. These resources may or may not be educational. However, they can be harnessed for educational purposes by adapting and personalizing them to di...

The emergence of Web 2.0 technologies have changed the way how e-commerce can be sustained and improved, i.e., by enhancing competitive advantage. Integrating Web 2.0 technologies into e-commerce Websites not only helps to improve customer shopping experience but also helps to enhance customer engagement. This paper will discuss the role and impact...

Security administrators need to prioritise which feature to focus on amidst the various possibilities and avenues of attack, especially via Web Service in e-commerce applications. This study addresses the feature selection problem by proposing a predictive fuzzy associative rule model (FARM). FARM validates inputs by segregating the anomalies based...

Open access to formal and informal learning implies both cognitive and digital access. However, cognitive access can result only if there are suitable methods which design for generative processing (meaningful deep learning) and transfer of learning despite limited cognitive capacities. We aim to develop design thinking and increase transfer of lea...

Internet-enabled Web Service (WS) applications, such as e-commerce, are facing eXtensible Markup Language (XML)-related security threats. However, network and host-based intrusion (ID) and prevention (IP) systems and Web Service Security (WSS) standards are inadequate in countering against these threats. This paper presents a framework to mitigate...

A major hope of education is that students will be able to transfer what they have learnt to other similar situations and their everyday lives. However, transfer is not a given. Often, it does not happen. This case study refers to findings from Engle's (2006) study on the role of framing in explaining why and how transfer occurs to investigate whet...

The ability to formulate and apply principles are crucial 21st Century skills. These skills are inherent in Mathematical thinking processes, which require learners to search for abstract problem-solving methods that would serve as analogy-enhancing bridges enabling transfer between different task situations. Consequently, two component skills that...

Instructional design of inquiry-based classrooms need to regard learning as dynamically flexible and adaptive with opportunities for emergent teaching and learning strategies as well as assessments. Consequently, we argue that emergent instructional design and emergent learning systems should focus on the discovery of instructional principles, inst...

Business Intelligence or e-commerce applications are increasingly built on the Web Service platform. Thus, SOAP-related attacks have a higher chance of occurring at the Application Layer. Although active research has been on-going in Host and Network-based intrusion detection and intrusion prevention areas, they are not adequate to countermeasure t...

Business workflow analysis has become crucial in strategizing how to create competitive edge. Consequently, deriving a series of positively correlated association rules from workflows is essential to identify strong relationships among key business activities. These rules can subsequently, serve as best practices. We have addressed this problem by...

There are many evidences of motivational and educational benefits from the use of learning software. However, there is a lack of study with regards to the teaching of creative writing. This paper aims to bridge the following gaps: first, the need for a proper framework for scaffolding creative writing through learning software; second, the lack of...

With ubiquitous access to Web 2.0 applications, users on social networks can now collaboratively author and share hypermedia learning resources, contributing to more engaging learning experiences in Technology-Enhanced Learning outside formal education. Though these resources are ready to be harnessed for educational purposes, they may or may not b...

This special issue aims to present an overview of how creativity and cognition can be supported, managed and sustained through the use of technology. Three different roles of technology are presented. The first three papers highlight the potential of semi-automated creativity, the fourth paper how social media can be leveraged as a creativity platf...

Prior research has revealed that students have different attitudes towards online activities for learning, in our case, asynchronous online discussions (AOD). We have seen students participating due to either rewards given, their own learning purposes or just lurking around. The objective of this paper is to identify the students' self-regulation p...

Collaborative storytelling is an activity that would boost our creativity and imagination. However, collaborative storytelling systems are not popular and few efforts have been made to support its growth. This research presents WriteYourJourney (WYJ), a collaborative e-storytelling system integrated with social networking media and a recommender sy...

Unified Modeling Language (UML) and ontology share common properties such as classes, properties and instances. We propose using Model-Driven Architecture (MDA) enriched with ontological approach to provide ontology development method. The method leverages the UML model in the initial phase of ontology development, and then the produced ontology is...

Artificial Intelligence techniques are applied in learning systems to enhance the quality of interaction between the users and the system. E-learning system components, learning services and learning companion services have been implemented in a traditional manner whereby there is little possibility of reuse due to the tight coupling of components...

This paper provides a framework for promoting creative design capabilities in the context of achieving community goals pertaining to sustainable development among high school students. The framework can be used as a reference model to design formal or out-of-school curriculum units in any geographical region. This theme is chosen due to its individ...

This paper presents a review of methodologies and techniques for the design of learning pedagogies and cognitive interfaces within a knowledge management framework. We refer to instructional design principles for the former and to human factors engineering for the latter. Subsequently, we propose a KM-e-learning framework which synergizes both the...

XML-based Web services have revolutionized the Information Technology industry. But, at the same time, it poses a security problem due to the fact that firewalls are entirely transparent to Web services and XML-related content. Thus, monitoring traffic exclusively at the packet level will not help detect Web services-related security threats. Apply...

This study investigated factors that would contribute towards more effective problem-solving skills and increase meaningful learning in two different learning environments, i.e. mobile and ubiquitous learning. In order to study these factors two prototype applications were developed and tested. In the mobile learning application, the factors invest...

XML has emerged as the standard for information representation over the Internet. It is critical to store and query XML data to exploit the full power of the new technology. However, most enterprises today have long secured the use of relational databases. Thus, simply replacing relational databases with a pure XML -database is not a good choice. I...

Most edutainment games tend to assume the role of supplementary learning materials that act as additional materials for the students to study along with the main/core learning materials, such as books, lecture slides and lecture notes. Consequently, the appreciation of its value and usefulness is greatly diminished. Furthermore, edutainment games a...

Business performance measurements, decision support systems (DSS) and online analytical processing (OLAP) have a common goal i.e., to assist decision-makers during the decision-making process. Integrating DSS and OLAP into existing business performance measurements hopes to improve the accuracy of analysis and provide in-depth, multi-angle view of...

In ontology versioning, change detection should be related to dependent database or metadata, and vice-versa. Therefore, there is the need to detect change based on a bottom-up approach. This paper discusses bottom-up change detection by incorporating Ontology Metadata Vocabulary (OMV) as the interface to detect change from a database or metadata p...

Delivering e-learning services and content according to learner profiles is the main requirement towards developing context-adaptive e-learning systems. The work presented in this paper is part of an ongoing effort towards personalisation of e-learning services and content based on learner attributes such as learning styles and competency levels. T...

As XML is gaining its popularity in data exchange over the Web, storing and querying XML data has become an important issue to be addressed especially in terms of support for interoperability and extensibility among various application domains. In order to support this, a dynamic context-driven data exchange architecture is needed. In this paper, w...

This paper addresses three questions. First, how students can be guided to learn from examples and generate their own ideas without falling into mechanistic substitution from the examples learnt; second, how students can be guided to elaborate on their own ideas; third, how students can be guided to associate concepts in a systemic whole into order...

In ontology versioning, change detection should be related to dependent database or metadata, and vice-versa. Therefore, there is the need to detect change based on a bottom-up approach. This paper discusses bottom-up change detection by incorporating Ontology Metadata Vocabulary (OMV) as the interface to detect change from a database or metadata p...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present an automated ontology mapping and merging algorithm, namely OntoDNA, which employs data mining techniques (FCA, SOM, K‐means) to resolve ontological heterogeneities among distributed data sources in organizational memory and subsequently generate a merged ontology to facilitate resource retrieval fr...

This paper is concerned with the design of curricular structures and flexible teaching and learning approaches targeted at improving learning performance and enriching learning experiences. The Lehigh Valley Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (LV STEM) project is used as a case study. Findings indicate that reference curricular struct...

Optimizing query processing is always a challenging task in the XML database community. Current state-of-the-art approaches focus mainly on simple query. Yet, as the usage of XML shifts towards the data-oriented paradigm, more and more complex query processing needs to be supported. In this paper, we present TwigX-Guide, a hybrid system, which take...

Collaborative learning serves as an important part of e-learning, increasing interactivity and accessibility to various learning resources either synchronously or asynchronously among users. Distributed interactivity through Web services thus forms the focus of this paper. The paper reviews related work on service-oriented architecture (SOA), distr...

With the rapid emergence of XML as an enabler for data exchange and data transfer over the Web, querying XML data has become a major concern. In this paper, we present a hybrid system, TwigX-Guide; an extension of the well-known DataGuide index and re- gion encoding labeling to support twig query processing. With TwigX-Guide, a complex query can be...

With the rapid emergence of XML as a data exchange and data transfer medium over the Web, querying XML data has become a major concern. Labeling schemes have been developed to optimize query retrieval, since they provide a quick way to determine the type of relationships that are present among the nodes. In this paper, we analyze how each approach...

This article is devoted to the formulation of a context-adaptive electronic learning (e-learning) implementation methodology. The authors address three research gaps: (a) the lack of a rigorous framework to define the 'context' for context-aware mobile learning applications (b) the need to include pedagogy context dimension and (c) the dynamic adap...

XML (extensible mark-up language) has emerged as one of the popular data representation standards for information storage and -exchange. In this paper, we propose an extended INLAB architecture, INLAB2, focusing on preprocessing the XML -document for fast native storage and accurate query retrieval. Firstly, we propose our xParse parser to check th...

This paper studies the effectiveness and acceptance of student-initiated curriculum planning, visualization and assessment for mobile learning. The objective of the system is to find suitable pedagogy for mobile learning and the factors that would create a conducive mobile learning environment to help the learners develop problem-solving skills. Th...

The past few years have seen a dramatic increase in the popularity and adoption of XML in Internet technology. With this revolution, an effective way for storing and querying XML documents is crucial. In this paper, we propose the INLAB2 architecture for fast native XML storage and accurate query retrieval. INLAB2 comprises of five main components,...

Lee, Chien-Sing, Koper, R., Kommers, P., & Hedberg, John (Eds.) (2008). Reference models for forming organisational or collaborative pedagogical best practices [special issue]. International Journal of Continuing Engineering Education and Life-Long Learning, 18(1).

The emergence of the Web has increased significant interests in querying XML data.Current methods for XML query processing still suffers from producing large intermediate results andare not efficient in supporting query with mixed types of relationships. We propose the TwigINLABalgorithm to process and optimize the query evaluation. Our TwigINLAB a...

The growing importance of XML and the lack of efficient solutions for managing andquerying XML data have led to the development of hybrid systems. We present a hybrid system,TwigX-Guide; an extension of the well-known DataGuide index and region encoding labeling tosupport twig query processing. With TwigX-Guide, a complex query can be decomposed in...

With the proliferation of mobile devices, pervasive learning has become a new wave in technology-enhanced learning (TEL). One of the key problems to solve in this area is to adapt learning content and services according to a learner's needs and wants to different learning contexts at the workplace. We propose using semantic web services as a soluti...

This paper aims to address two problems. The first problem is how to develop engaging (deep and meaningful) pedagogical patterns and still ensure there is sufficient incremental cognitive complexity. The second problem deals with how to connect pedagogical patterns to HCI and software engineering to form a systemic interaction design framework. An...

Strategic INtegrated Evaluation Methodology (SINEM) addresses three problems: first, the time needed to formulate strategies and identify evaluation criteria to meet objectives; second, the diversity of evaluation criteria among evaluation models which hinder a holistic perspective of evaluation and third, the need to prioritise these strategies ba...

Educational computer games have been around since the 1970s and are a steady staple of the game market. Many educational games focus on teaching language, mathematics, science and cognitive skills. However there is a lack of local educational games. Most educational games are imported from overseas and are situated in foreign contexts. There are al...

This paper presents a case study on children and their teacher's perception of fun and usability towards games developed from a game engine and the implications of findings to design principles in developing educational computer games for children. Activities for the children aged 4-6 were pictureword matching game and number-shapes shooting game....

In the Semantic Web, ontology plays a prominent role to actualize knowledge sharing and reuse among distributed knowledge sources. Intelligently managing ontological knowledge (classes, properties and instances) enables efficacious ontological interoperability. In this paper, we present a hybrid unsupervised clustering model, which comprises of For...

An Integrated Model-driven Business Evaluation (IMoBe) methodology is proposed to solve three problems. Firstly, the need to have an extensive business performance measurement framework that can pinpoint causal relationships between the organisation's current business performance and its future directions. Secondly, there should be business perform...

With the rapid emergence of XML as a data exchange and data transfer medium over the Web, querying XML data has become a major concern. Various optimization technologies, among them those based on XML, have been developed to solve query retrieval problems. In this paper, we suggest an indexing classification scheme and survey the existing path inde...

Education should emphasize more on the process of creating conducive environments rather than merely on the product of learning. Merlin is a collaborative and cognitive tool that enables the students to express and visualize their ideas to their peers. By reviewing various types of coaching techniques being used by different tutoring systems, we ai...

In this paper, a Structured Equation Modeling (SEM)-oriented game model will be developed based on the literatures. The main reference of this model is the user-centered game-based learning model [3]. The model developed consists of 10 exogenous and 5 endogenous variables. Future research will be carried out to determine the validity of the model b...

As XML (eXtensible Mark-up Language) is gaining its popularity in data exchange over the Web, querying XML data has become an important issue to be addressed. In native XML databases (NXD), XML documents are usually modeled as trees and XML queries are typically specified in path expression. The primitive structural relationships are Parent-Child (...