Chiara Fanali

Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma | unicampus

Glycation and the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are known to occur during aging, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. Increased glucose or methylglyoxal (MGO) levels in the blood of diabetic patients result in increased AGEs. A diet rich in bioactive food compounds, like polyphenols, has a protective effect. The aim of...

The Italian espresso coffee is a very popular drink worldwide. Roasting of coffee grains represents a key step in the development of the beverage characteristics and aroma. A coffee blend (80% Coffea arabica and 20% canephora) of a well-known Italian coffee firm underwent 3 roasting conditions (standard with end temperature of 216 °C, below standar...

Matrix solid‐phase dispersion is an alternate technique to simultaneously extract and clean up pesticides from food matrices. In recent years, deep eutectic solvents have been applied to replace common organic solvents in various extraction techniques. One of the drawbacks of deep eutectic solvents is the impracticality of their evaporation, leadin...

The protection of the health and safety of workers in the agricultural sector requires the assessment of human exposure to pesticides through biomonitoring programs. In doing this, the health and safety of laboratory analysts should be also protected through the use of analytical procedures as safe as possible. According to Green Analytical Chemist...

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is an electromigration technique where a high electric field is applied for the generation of electrophoretic and electroosmotic mobilities. Due to the high voltage applied to the ends of the capillary and to the good heat dispersion, very high chromatographic efficiency and analytes resolution can be obtained. Conven...

As many as 40% of all plant protection products currently used contain chiral active ingredients. Enantiomers of the same pesticide have identical physicochemical properties in an isotropic medium, but they may display different activity and toxicity because of their interaction with enzymes or other naturally occurring asymmetric molecules. This d...

The need to reduce the ecological impact of the extraction and analysis processes waste has led to use alternative green solvents. Therefore, the use of solvents such as deep eutectic solvents (DESs), natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs), and low transition temperature mixtures (LTTMs) has increasingly applied to extraction and recovery of bioac...

In recent years, attention has been turned finding new sources of phenolic compounds, antioxidant molecules, main by‐products from the agri‐food chain like barley malt rootlets. Traditionally, phenolic compounds are extracted from food matrices using different procedures, e.g., solid‐liquid, liquid‐liquid, or solid‐phase extraction techniques emplo...

In this paper enantiomers of selected chiral agrochemicals representing various structural classes were separated by using nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) employing a capillary column packed with silica particles containing immobilized amylose tris(3-chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate) (i-ADMPC) as a chira...

A novel chromatographic application in chiral separation by using the nano-LC technique is here reported. The chiral recognition of 12 antifungal drugs was obtained through a 75 µm I.D. fused-silica capillary, which was packed with a CSP-cellulose 3,5-dichlorophenylcarbamate (CDCPC), by means of a lab-made slurry packing procedure. The mobile phase...

The analysis of drugs is a topic of great interest in different application fields such as the pharmaceutical industry, control laboratories, biomedicine, biochemistry, etc. This is due to the systematic use of drugs in humans and animals and therefore the knowledge of drugs’ composition, purity, metabolites, etc. are strongly related to health. Dr...

The use of psychoactive substances is a serious problem in today’s society and reliable methods of analysis are necessary to confirm their occurrence in biological matrices. In this work, a green sample preparation technique prior to HPLC-MS analysis was successfully applied to the extraction of 14 illicit drugs from urine samples. The isolation pr...

The anti-oxidative activity of plant-derived extracts is well-known and confers health-promoting effects on functional foods and food supplements. Aim of this work is to evaluate the capability of two different assays to predict the real biological antioxidant efficiency. At this purpose, extracts from five different plant-derived matrices and comm...

The determination and separation of enantiomers is an interesting and important topic of research in various fields, e.g., biochemistry, food science, pharmaceutical industry, environment, etc. Although these compounds possess identical physicochemical properties, a pair of enantiomers often has different pharmacological, toxicological, and metabol...

Capillary electromigration (CE) and liquid chromatographic techniques (CLC/nano‐LC) are miniaturized techniques offering distinct advantages over conventional ones in the field of separation science. Among these, high efficiency, high chromatographic resolution, and use of minute volumes of both mobile phase and sample volumes are the most importan...

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are promising green solvents for the extraction of compounds from food byproducts. Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) is one of the most commonly cultivated tree nuts worldwide. The skin represents one of the major byproducts of the hazelnut industry and accounts for 2.5% of the total hazelnut kernel weight. It is a rich s...

The advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) arise from non-enzymatic reactions of sugar with protein side chains, some of which are oxido-reductive in nature. Enhanced production of AGEs plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications as well as in natural aging, renal failure, oxidative stress, and chronic inflammation. The ai...

Biomonitoring is a potent tool to control the health risk of people occupationally and non-occupationally exposed. The latest trend in bioanalytical chemistry is to develop quick, cheap, easy, safe and reliable green analytical procedures to analyse a large number of chemicals in easily accessible biomatrices such as urine. In this paper, a new dis...

In this review paper, miniaturized techniques, including both electromigration and liquid chromatographic techniques, have been discussed considering their main features in the analytical field for the separation and analysis of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs). In Capillary Electrophoresis (CE) and nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC)...

Coffee beans contain several compounds which have shown nutraceutial properties; among them chlorogenic acids (CGAs) are the most studied, have shown nutraceutical properties. These molecules are also present in the waste by-product known as spent coffee grounds (SCG). SCG are generated during the production of coffee drink, whereby roasted, ground...

Italian extra-virgin olive oil market presents several kinds of products, some of which are of higher quality compared to others. Italian high-quality extra-virgin olive oils can have Protected Designation of Origin, Protected Geographical Identification and organic farming denominations. Each high-quality olive oil produced shows peculiar chemical...

In the present study separation of enantiomers of some chiral neutral, basic and weakly acidic analytes was investigated on the chiral stationary phase (CSP) made by covalent immobilization of amylose tris(3-chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate) onto aminopropylsilanized (APS) silica in nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC) in aqueous methanol or acetonit...

BACKGROUND Isolation of vitamins from complex matrices, such as pharmaceutical and biological samples, is a demanding task. Progresses in material science are revolutionizing sample preparation, leading to the development of more efficient, sensitive and selective analytical methods. In particular, the evolution of solid-phase extraction towards mi...

A HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS method has been developed and validated for the analysis of the most representative phenolic compounds in extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) samples using a green extraction approach based on deep eutectic solvents (DESs) at room temperature. We examined ten DESs based on choline chloride and betaine in combination with different hydro...

Baobab is an endemic African plant rich in health-promoting compounds and still not extensively studied. Characterization of bioactive molecules in baobab fruit by means of LC system coupled with a photodiode array and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer detector is here reported. This work provides a qualitative and quantitative profile of polyp...

This chapter presents the main features of capillary electrophoresis hyphenated with mass spectrometry (CE-MS), its advantages over CE techniques employing conventional detectors such as the ultraviolet and diode array detectors. Special attention is paid to the latest developments related to instrumentation and methodology especially in coupling C...

Food represents for humanity one of the most important issues since, up until a few decades ago, it was mainly necessary for survival. Although this aspect still exists in several developing countries, with world economic progress, the consumption of food and its production are associated with other considerations namely quality, taste, smell, comp...

In the present study separation of enantiomers of some chiral neutral and weakly acidic analytes was investigated on the chiral stationary phase (CSP) made by covalent immobilization of amylose tris(3-chloro-5-methylphenylcarbamate) onto silica in nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC) in acetonitrile and aqu...

In recent years there has been a great interest in both analytical and preparative scale separation of chiral compounds mainly because two enantiomers, even if possessing similar structure and participating in biological processes, can interact differently. In some cases, this may also cause human health problems. Therefore the development of new m...

The chiral separation of baclofen (Bac) was obtained by nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC-MS/MS) using a 100 μm I.D. fused silica capillary column packed with silica particles chemically modified with vancomycin. Various experimental parameters, such as composition (buffer concentration, water content, organic modifier) a...

This paper illustrates the development of a procedure based on the use of a low transition temperature mixture (LTTM) for the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) of fungicides, insecticides and acaricides from surface waters. The LTTM preparation involves the heat-mixing of choline chloride and acetylsalicylic acid in a molar ratio 1:2...

1.8 μm Silica hydride particles have been derivatized with vancomycin and applied to the enantioseparation of some racemic herbicides and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) by nano-liquid chromatography. The chiral stationary phase (CSP) was packed for only 11 cm and the enantiomers were separated utilizing a laboratory-assembled instrum...

The separation of enantiomers has been started in the past and continues to be a topic of great interest in various fields of research, mainly because these compounds could be involved in biological processes such as, for example, those related to human health. Great attention has been devoted to studies for the analysis of enantiomers present in f...

This work deals with the potentiality of nano liquid chromatography (Nano‐LC) for the chiral separation of racemic mixture of tryptophan and some selected derivatives by using 100 μm i.d. fused silica capillary packed with teicoplanin bonded to 5 μm diol silica stationary phase. The experiments were carried out by using a cheap and laboratory‐assem...

The analysis of phenolic compounds in extra virgin olive oils was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography utilizing photodiode array and mass spectrometry detectors. The chromatographic profile of thirty samples from four Italian Regions highlighted the presence of secoiridoids, phenolic alcohols, flavonoids, and phenolic acid classes...

Analysis of carotenoids is very complex and demanding in terms of both separation and detection. In this article, an analytical strategy relying on high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array detection-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-PAD-MS/MS) is presented for the large-scale screening of these phytochemicals. Separation was realized by...

To ensure food quality and safety, developing cost-effective, rapid and precision analytical techniques for quantitative detection of nitrite is highly desirable. Herein, a novel electrochemical sensor based on the sodium cellulose sulfate/poly (dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride) (NaCS/PDMDAAC) composite film modified glass carbon electrode (NaCS/...

Caffeine is the most widely studied psychoactive molecule in history due to its many pharmacological activities and a high number of biological and physiological effects. In literature, there is a great number of applications that describe extraction, identification, and quantification of caffeine in foods and beverages. For this purpose, an extrac...

The separation of chiral compounds is an interesting and important topic of research because these compounds are involved in some biological processes, fundamentally in, e.g., human health. Among the various application fields where enantiomers are remarkable, drug analysis has to be considered. Most of the drugs contain enantiomers and very often...

In this study our preliminary attempt for obtaining fast and highly efficient separations of enantiomers in high-performance liquid chromatography with slightly modified state-of-the-art commercial instrumentation is described. In order to reach this goal after careful selection of chiral analytes, the preparation of chiral stationary phase (CSP),...

Hazelnut kernel phenolic compounds were recovered applying two different extraction approaches, namely ultrasound‐assisted solid/liquid extraction (UA‐SLE) and solid‐phase extraction (SPE). Different solvents were tested evaluating total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids contents together to antioxidant activity. The optimum extraction condit...

The present study reports successful separations of enantiomers of selected chiral sulfoxides with very high separation factor in high-performance liquid chromatography by using chiral columns prepared with the chiral selector cellulose tris(4-chloro-3-methylphenylcarbamate). High separation factors were observed in polar organic, as well as in hyd...

The analysis of pomegranate phenolic compounds belonging to different classes in different fruit parts was performed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array and mass spectrometry detection. Two different separation methods were optimized for the analysis of anthocyanins and hydrolyzable tannins along with phenolic ac...

Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) has been used for the first time in this work to extract phenolic compounds from Goji berries according to a multilevel factorial design using response surface methodology. The global yield (% w/dw, weight/dry-weight), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid (TF) and antioxidant activity (determined via ABT...

This chapter presents the main features of nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC), its advantages over conventional LC techniques, and some selected applications published in the last 5 years. Nano-LC is the miniaturization of HPLC where the analytes separation takes place into capillary columns of thin diameter (< 100 μm i.d.). Stationary phases (SP...

The present paper provides an overview of the application of ionic liquid (IL) columns for GC analysis of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). Although their separation can be carried out utilizing GC columns containing polar stationary phases, some ILs have been employed as stationary phases, either commercial or laboratory made, in GC analysis. Mono...

A new experimental chiral stationary phase containing amylose 3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate immobilized onto silica gel (i-ADMPC) was packed in 100μm I.D. fused silica capillary and used for the chiral separation of eight selected flavanone derivatives in polar organic mobile phase by using different miniaturized techniques, such as nano-liquid chrom...

Polyphenols-rich cocoa has many beneficial effects on human health, such as anti-inflammatory effects. Macrophages function as control switches of the immune system, maintaining the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory activities. We investigated the hypothesis that cocoa polyphenol extract may affect macrophage proinflammatory phenotype M1 b...

Liquid Chromatography: Fundamentals and Instrumentation, Second Edition, is a single source of authoritative information on all aspects of the practice of modern liquid chromatography. It gives those working in both academia and industry the opportunity to learn, refresh, and deepen their understanding of new fundamentals and instrumentation techni...

The determination of enantiomers is a very important topic in different areas including pharmaceutical, biomedical, agrochemical and food fields. In fact these compounds possess quite similar physical-chemical characteristics and can exhibit different properties. Their separation can be obtained when the two enantiomers interact with a chiral envir...

Hydroxytyrosol (HTyr), a biophenol found in extra-virgin olive oil or olive oil by-products, well known for its strong antioxidant activity, was used as active ingredient for poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix to develop film formulations by solvent casting process. The effect of HTyr on the morphological, thermal stability, optical, mechanical and r...

This review presents advancements in sample preparation and liquid chromatographic methods made during the last 10 years for the fat-soluble vitamin (FSV) analysis in foods. Since activity and bioavailability of organic micronutrients (MOs) depend on the form in which they are present in a food, special emphasis has been given to the most recent te...

Imbalanced dietary n-3 and n-6 PUFA content has been associated with a number of neurological conditions. Endocannabinoids are n-6 PUFA derivatives, whose brain concentrations are sensitive to modifications of fatty acid composition of the diet, and play a central role in the regulation of mood and cognition. As such, the endocannabinoid system app...

This review gives an overview of the phenolic compounds composition of cocoa beans and their modification during manufacturing processes to the final products. Recently published papers dealing with the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the different classes of cocoa phenolic compounds will be discussed. Modifications of the qualitative prof...

The separation and analysis of chiral compounds is an important topic of research, because these analytes are involved in various processes, e.g., biological, pharmacological, human health, etc. Their separation has also been recently obtained utilizing microfluidic techniques, such as capillary electrophoresis (CE), electrochromatography (CEC), an...

• A brief explanation on how CEC works is provided. • A deep review of the literature about CEC in food analysis is done. • Relevant applications in the different CEC modes are discussed. • Future trends in this field are debated. Capillary electrochromatography (CEC) is a miniaturized technique which gathers the high separation efficiency of c...

Magnetic nanoparticles (m-NPs) are becoming important in analytical chemistry as sorbents in dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE) because they simplify the extraction process and save time as a result of their isolation from the sample matrix by an external magnetic field. Many synthetic processes have been developed to fabricate these nanomat...

The separation of enantiomers of flavanone and 5 chiral flavanone derivatives was studied on two experimental polysaccharide-based chiral columns by high-performance liquid chromatography with methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, n-hexane/ethanol and n-hexane/2-propanol as mobile phases with emphasis on the effect of analyte and chiral selector structu...

Hydroxytyrosol methyl carbonate (HTyr-MC), a synthetic non cytotoxic hydroxytyrosol-derived compound showing excellent antioxidant capacity, was obtained in high yield and purity by an ecofriendly procedure and used as active ingredient for poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) matrix. Novel PVA/HTyr-MC binary films were developed by solvent casting in water a...

Chemical composition of pomegranate juice can vary due to cultivar, area of cultivation, ripening, climate and other variables. This study investigates the polyphenolic composition and antioxidant activity of juices obtained from six old Italian pomegranate cultivars. Fruit accessions physicochemical characteristics were determined. Total polypheno...

This chapter begins with an overview of the main characteristics of gas and high-performance liquid chromatography (GC; HPLC) techniques. Their classifications according to the properties of the stationary and mobile phases, the type of stationary phase, and the driving forces of separation are described. Secondly, an overview of chromatographic me...

A novel vancomycin silica hydride stationary phase was synthesized and the particles of 1.8 µm were packed into fused silica capillaries of 75 µm internal diameter (I.D.). The chiral stationary phase (CSP) was tested for the separation of some derivatized amino acid enantiomers by using nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC). Some experimental parame...

A chemical characterization of major lipid components, namely, triacylglycerols, fatty acids and the unsaponifiable fraction, in a Quinoa seed lipids sample is reported. To tackle such a task, non-aqueous reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry detection was employed. The latter was interfaced wit...

A method for the analysis of flavonoids (myricetin, quercetin, naringenin, hesperitin and kaempferol), with interesting bioactivity, has been developed and validated utilizing nano-liquid chromatography technique. In order to find optimal conditions, capillary columns (75 μm id x 10 cm) packed with different types of stationary phases, Kinetex® C18...

White truffle (Tuber magnatum Pico) is one of the most valuable delicacies of the Italian and French cuisine. Previous works on truffle aroma report sulfur compounds and short-chain aldehydes as typical constituents which abundance is influenced by storage conditions. In this study, the head space of truffle aroma has been evaluated by two differen...

In this study, a simple and rapid methodology to analyse and quantify principal flavanones in Citrus fruit juices through the use of a nano-LC/UV-Vis apparatus, employing a 75 μm id capillary column packed with sub-2 μm particles C18 stationary phase for 10 cm, was developed. All compounds were baseline resolved working with a step gradient elution...

Capillary-liquid chromatography (CLC) and nano-LC are miniaturized techniques with great potential in the analytical field. They have been applied in different areas – pharmaceuticals, biomedicine, environment and recently food and agrochemicals. CLC and nano-LC separations are carried out in capillaries of narrow internal diameter (10–320 μm) cont...

In this study, a nano-liquid chromatography based method for the simultaneous separation of 16 polyphenols employing UV-vis detection has been developed. A 100μm I.D. capillary column packed with C18 core-shell particles (2.6μm particle size, 100Å) for 10cm was employed. The separation of analytes was performed with a step gradient in less than 20m...

Background: Candida mannan (Mn) detection in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was shown to be useful for earlier identification and preemptive therapy targeting in preterm infants at high risk of invasive Candida infection. We investigated whether early detection of Candida Mn in BALF is associated with the presence of some neutrophilic product...

Graft versus Host Disease (GvHD) is the major life threatening complication after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT), which develops in 35-70% of all SCT despite immunosuppressive prophylaxis. Recently the application of proteomic tools, allowing screening for differentially expressed or excreted proteins in body fluids, could allow detecti...

The characteristic aromatic composition of white truffles (Tuber magnatum Pico) determines its culinary and commercial value. However modifications of truffle organoleptic proprieties occur during preservation. A study of headspace of white truffles by using Electronic nose (E-nose), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and sensory analyses...

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) mass ­spectrometry (MS) is a relevant technique for the detection and relative quantitation of naturally occurring peptides and proteins. The peptide/protein mass is determined by deconvolution of the ESI-MS spectrum, and the resolution can be better than 1:10,...

To the editor: We read with interest the article of Rodriguez-Otero et al.[1][1] The authors studied the ability of fecal calprotectin (FC), α-1 antitrypsin, and elastase to diagnose acute gastrointestinal GVHD (GI-GVHD) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). In their experience, FC and

Nano-LC and CEC were studied for the separation of cytochrome c tryptic digest. The peptides mixture was analyzed using either a nano-LC commercial or a laboratory assembled instrumentation coupled with an IT-ESI-MS by using a nanospray interface. CEC experiments were carried out with a CE apparatus coupled with the IT-ESI-MS through a liquid junct...

This study describes the characterization of the glycan moieties and the peptide backbone of six glycoforms of IB-8a CON1(+), a basic proline-rich protein present in human saliva. MS analyses on the intact glycoproteins before and after N-deglycosylation with PNGase F and high-resolution MS/MS sequencing by LTQ Orbitrap XL of peptides and glycopept...