Chetankumar Jalihal

Max Planck Institute for Meteorology | MPIMET · Department of The Ocean in the Earth System

Plain Language Summary Modern observations suggest that the upwelling along the western boundary of the Arabian Sea is primarily controlled by the strength of the low‐level jet (LLJ). The strength of the LLJ and the Indian summer monsoon rainfall are also positively correlated. Hence, proxies of upwelling have been used to infer the variations in t...

Modern observations suggest a positive correlation between Indian summer monsoon rainfall and coastal upwelling along the western boundary of the Arabian Sea. It was assumed that this relation is valid in climates of the past and has been the basis of several monsoon reconstructions. Such reconstructions indicate that monsoon increases when local s...

Previous studies based on multiple paleoclimate archives suggested a prominent intensification of the South Asian Monsoon (SAM) during the mid-Holocene (MH, ∼6000 years before present). The main forcing that contributed to this intensification is related to changes in the Earth's orbital parameters. Nonetheless, other key factors likely played impo...

Monsoons were traditionally considered to be land-based systems. Recent definitions of monsoons based on either the seasonal reversal of winds or the local summer precipitation accounting for more than 50% of the annual precipitation suggests that monsoon domains extend over oceanic regions as well. The concept of global monsoon combines all the mo...

Proxies of monsoons indicate a nearly synchronous fluctuation across northern monsoon domains on orbital timescales. Using a transient climate simulation, we have shown that precipitation evolves differently over tropical land and ocean. During the deglacial (22 ka to 11 ka) precipitation over land and ocean are in phase, whereas they are out of ph...

Previous studies based on multiple paleoclimate archives suggested a prominent intensification of the South Asian Monsoon (SAM) during the mid-Holocene (MH, ~ 6000 years before present day). The main forcing that contributed to this intensification is related to changes in the Earth’s orbital parameters. However, other key factors likely played imp...

Various proxies suggest a nearly in-phase variation of monsoons with local summer insolation. Oceanic proxies of monsoons document a more complex response. Climate model simulations also indicate that the response is different over land and ocean. Here using a transient simulation by a climate model over the last 22,000 years we have unraveled the...

In the paleo literature, the emphasis has been on the role of insolation in driving monsoons on orbital timescales, but not on the role of feedbacks internal to the climate system. Here, using the energetics framework, we have underscored the effect of water vapor on the Indian summer monsoon over the last 22,000 years in transient climate simulati...

To predict how monsoons will evolve in the 21st century, we need to understand how they have changed in the past. In paleoclimate literature, the major focus has been on the role of solar forcing on monsoons but not on the amplification by feedbacks internal to the climate system. Here we have used the results from a transient climate simulation to...

Substantial evidence from proxies suggests that monsoon variations in the past are due to insolation. Our model-based study indicates, however, that surface energy fluxes and the vertical stability of the atmosphere can be dominant. We have used a simple diagnostic based on the energetics of monsoon, to understand the precipitation response to prec...

The changes in Earth's precession have an impact on the tropical precipitation. This has been attributed to the changes in seasonal solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere. The primary mechanism that has been proposed is the change in thermal gradient between the two hemispheres. This may be adequate to understand the zonal mean changes, but c...

The changes in Earth's precession have an impact on tropical precipitation. These changes have been ascribed to the changes in solar radiation at the top of the atmosphere, but this cannot explain the variations in precipitation over oceans. Using energy and moisture budget equations we have shown that the surface energy fluxes, as well as vertical...

The changes in Earth’s precession have an impact on tropical precipitation. Speleothem records show that, the intensity of monsoon is directly proportional to insolation on orbtial timescales. However, model based studies suggest that, while this is true over land, precipitation over tropical oceans are in general, inversely related to insolation....

Volcanoes were one of the major forcing agents during the last millennium. We have used the CMIP5 MPI-ESM’s past1000 experiment to examine the variability of Indian monsoon. Global annual mean precipitation reduces after a major volcanic eruption. The Indonesian monsoon was most affected during those years. The Indian Monsoon does not show any sign...