Cheryl D Fryar

Cheryl D Fryar
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services | HHS · Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

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73
Publications
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Introduction
Skills and Expertise

Publications

Publications (73)
Article
This cross-sectional study evaluates reasons reported for not participating in or withdrawing participation from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children from 2019 to March 2020.
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Introduction The risk of diabetes begins at a lower BMI among Asian adults. This study compares the prevalence of diabetes between the U.S. and China by BMI. Methods Data from the 2015–2017 China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (n=176,223) and the 2015–2018 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n=4,464) were used. Diagnosed diab...
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Background: Research suggests that the effects of saturated fat (SF) on health differ depending on its food source. Dairy SF has been associated with lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, while meat SF is linked to a higher CVD risk. Objectives: To estimate the contribution to total intake of SF of, (1) 5 food groups - dairy, meats, seafood,...
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Background: In 2009, the US Department of Agriculture Food and Nutrition Service's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) food packages were revised to include more whole fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lower-fat milk. Objective: To describe trends over time in the consumption of fruits (total and who...
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Objective-The United States Department of Agriculture's MyPlate is based on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and serves as the primary educational tool to communicate federal dietary guidance. This report presents the percentage of adults who have heard of MyPlate and who have tried MyPlate along with their associations with self-rated diet qua...
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Objective—This report presents trends in mean weight, recumbent length, height, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) among children and adolescents in the United States from 1999 through 2018. Methods—Data were obtained from physical examinations of nationally representative samples of children and adolescents ranging in age from birth th...
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Based on nationally representative anthropometric data, the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) has published reference tables on the distribution of various body measurements for the U.S. population (1-5). National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data are the primary source of body measurement information for the U.S. pop...
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Public health surveillance of obesity describes changes over time and identifies subgroups at risk of obesity-related consequences. We analyzed trends, stratified by race and Hispanic origin, in high weight for length, obesity, and severe obesity in the US from 1999 to 2018.
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Fast food has been associated with higher caloric intake and poorer diet quality in children and adolescents (1). In 2011-2012, children and adolescents aged 2-19 years consumed on average 12.4% of their daily calories from fast food on a given day (2). This report presents 2015-2018 estimates of the percentage of calories consumed from fast food o...
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From 1999–2000 to 2017–2018, the prevalence of obesity among persons aged 2–19 years increased from 13.9% to 19.3%, and the prevalence of severe obesity increased from 3.6% to 6.1%.
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Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Lowering blood pressure has been shown to decrease the incidences of stroke, heart attack, and heart failure (1,2). This report provides 2017-2018 U.S. hypertension prevalence estimates using the 2017 American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association definition of hypertens...
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Obesity is associated with serious health risks (1). Severe obesity further increases the risk of obesity-related complications, such as coronary heart disease and end-stage renal disease (2,3). From 1999-2000 through 2015-2016, a significantly increasing trend in obesity was observed (4). This report provides the most recent national data for 2017...
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Differences by nativity status for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have been previously reported. Recent research has focused on understanding how other acculturation factors, such as length of residence, affect health behaviors and outcomes. This study examines the association between CVD risk factors and nativity/length of US residence....
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Background: Limited information is available on added sugars consumption in US infants and toddlers. Objectives: To present national estimates of added sugars intake among US infants and toddlers by sociodemographic characteristics, to identify top sources of added sugars, and to examine trends in added sugars intake. Design: Cross-sectional a...
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Objective: The aim of this study was to compare national estimates of self-reported and measured height and weight, BMI, and obesity prevalence among adults from US surveys. Methods: Self-reported height and weight data came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), the National Health Interview Survey, and the Behavior...
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Objectives-This report presents trends in mean weight, height, waist circumference, and body mass index (BMI) among adults in the United States from 1999-2000 through 2015-2016. Methods-Data were obtained from physical examinations of a nationally representative sample of adults aged 20 and over in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surv...
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Fast food is a part of the American diet and has been associated with high caloric intake (1), and poor diet quality (2). Time, financial resources, price, and availability influence fast food consumption (3). This report presents data on the percentage of adults who consumed fast food on a given day in the United States during 2013-2016. All mater...
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Active transportation (AT), or walking or bicycling for transportation, represents one way individuals can achieve recommended physical activity (PA) levels. This study describes AT prevalence and temporal trends, and examines associations between AT levels and measured CVD risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, low high-density [HDL] ch...
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Importance Differences in obesity by sex, age group, race and Hispanic origin among US adults have been reported, but differences by urbanization level have been less studied. Objectives To provide estimates of obesity by demographic characteristics and urbanization level and to examine trends in obesity prevalence by urbanization level. Design,...
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Importance Differences in childhood obesity by demographics and urbanization have been reported. Objective To present data on obesity and severe obesity among US youth by demographics and urbanization and to investigate trends by urbanization. Design, Setting, and Participants Measured weight and height among youth aged 2 to 19 years in the 2001-...
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Obesity prevalence has been increasing since the 1980s among adults, but among youth, prevalence plateaued between 2005-2006 and 2013-2014.¹,2 We analyzed trends in obesity prevalence among US youth and adults between 2007-2008 and 2015-2016 in order to determine recent changes.
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Obesity prevalence varies by income and education level, although patterns might differ among adults and youths (1-3). Previous analyses of national data showed that the prevalence of childhood obesity by income and education of household head varied across race/Hispanic origin groups (4). CDC analyzed 2011-2014 data from the National Health and Nu...
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Studies have suggested that obesity prevalence varies by income and educational level, although patterns might differ between high-income and low-income countries (1-3). Previous analyses of U.S. data have shown that the prevalence of obesity varied by income and education, but results were not consistent by sex and race/Hispanic origin (4). Using...
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Background: Obesity is a risk factor for asthma. However, it is unclear if increased obesity prevalence contributed to rising childhood asthma prevalence. Objective: To assess if population-level changes in weight status impacted asthma prevalence over time. Methods: Using nationally representative 1988-2014 National Health and Nutrition Exami...
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Obesity is associated with serious health risks. Monitoring obesity prevalence is relevant for public health programs that focus on reducing or preventing obesity. Between 2003–2004 and 2013–2014, there were no significant changes in childhood obesity prevalence, but adults showed an increasing trend. This report provides the most recent national e...
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High total cholesterol (≥ 240 mg/dL) and low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (< 40 mg/dL) levels are risk factors for cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of U.S. deaths (1–3). From 2007–2008 to 2013–2014, declining trends were observed in high total and low HDL cholesterol prevalence (4). This report provides 2015–2016 estimates fo...
Article
Hypertension remains an important public health challenge in the United States because it increases the risk for cardiovascular disease. Effective blood pressure management has been shown to decrease the incidence of stroke, heart attack, and heart failure (1–3). This report presents updated estimates for the prevalence and control of hypertension...
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Key findings: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey •The prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was significantly higher among adults who did not meet recommended physical activity guidelines (21.0%) than adults who met the guidelines (17.7%). •Low HDL cholesterol prevalence differed significantly for...
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Objective To ascertain and compare the oral health status and related sociodemographic risk indicators in children in Los Angeles (LA) County with children in the United States. Methods Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004 were used to calculate prevalence estimates for children aged 2–13 years living i...
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Objective: Previous research has not investigated the role of prescription medication in sleep-obesity associations despite the fact that 56% of U.S. adults take at least one prescription medication. Methods: Data from n = 16,622 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2007-2012) were used to examine how the association b...
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Importance Previous analyses of obesity trends among children and adolescents showed an increase between 1988-1994 and 1999-2000, but no change between 2003-2004 and 2011-2012, except for a significant decline among children aged 2 to 5 years. Objectives To provide estimates of obesity and extreme obesity prevalence for children and adolescents for...
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Importance Between 1980 and 2000, the prevalence of obesity increased significantly among adult men and women in the United States; further significant increases were observed through 2003-2004 for men but not women. Subsequent comparisons of data from 2003-2004 with data through 2011-2012 showed no significant increases for men or women. Objective...
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Key findings: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2014 •In 2011-2014, current asthma prevalence was 8.8% among adults. It was higher among adults with obesity (11.1%) compared with adults in normal weight (7.1%) and overweight (7.8%) categories. •Women with obesity had higher current asthma prevalence (14.6%) than...
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Key findings: Hypertension is a public health challenge in the United States because it directly increases the risk for cardiovascular disease (1). National and regional health initiatives, including Healthy People 2020, the Million Hearts Initiative, and the Community Preventive Services Task Force, have sought to increase public awareness of the...
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Key findings: Obesity is associated with health risks (1,2). Monitoring the prevalence of obesity is relevant for public health programs that focus on reducing or preventing obesity. No significant changes were seen in either adult or childhood obesity prevalence in the United States between 2003-2004 and 2011-2012 (3). This report provides the mo...
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Key findings: High levels of total cholesterol and low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (the "good cholesterol") are risk factors for coronary heart disease (1-3). During 2009-2010, 13.4% of adults had high total cholesterol and 21.3% had low HDL cholesterol (4). This report presents estimates of the percentage of adults with h...
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Introduction: Although decline in muscle mass and quality and resulting declines in muscle strength are associated with aging, more research is needed in general populations to assess the utility of handgrip strength as an indicator of muscle strength and cardiovascular disease risk. Methods: Data from 4,221 participants aged ≥20 years in the 20...
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Key findings: Consumption of fast food has been linked to weight gain in adults (1). Fast food has also been associated with higher caloric intake and poorer diet quality in children and adolescents (2). From 1994 through 2006, caloric intake from fast food increased from 10% to 13% among children aged 2-18 years (3). This report presents the most...
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Cardiovascular disease remains an important cause of death in the U.S. where veterans of the U.S. Armed Forces represent a significant segment of the population. Limited national estimates of cardiovascular disease risk factors using physical measurements and reported veteran status in the U.S. civilian population have been reported. The purpose of...
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Background and objectives: Regular aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity in youth has been positively associated with health and may help prevent obesity. The purpose of this study is to provide reference values on 4 core, upper, and lower body measures of muscle strength among US children and adolescents and to investigate the associ...
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Key findings: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, National Youth Fitness Survey. There were no significant differences by sex in core, lower, or upper body measures of strength for younger boys and girls. In contrast, adolescent boys had higher values than adolescent girls on all measures of strength. Adolescent boys an...
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KEY FINDINGS: Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey In 2009-2010, about 47% of adults had at least one of three risk factors for cardiovascular disease-uncontrolled high blood pressure, uncontrolled high levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol, or current smoking. Men were more likely than women to have at leas...
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To provide estimates of selected nutrient intakes and chronic health conditions among Mexican-American adults aged 20-74 years in the United States, from 1982 through 2006. Data on Mexican-American adults come from the following surveys: the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (HHANES, 1982-1984 (n = 3,935)); the Third National Health...
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Anthropometry or human body measurements provide important indicators of nutritional status in children and adults (1). In children, measurements reflect general health status, dietary adequacy, and growth and development over time. In adults, body measurements are used to evaluate health and dietary status, disease risk, and body composition. This...
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Key findings: Forty-five percent of adults had at least one of three diagnosed or undiagnosed chronic conditions—hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, or diabetes; one in eight adults (13%) had two of these conditions; and 3% of adults had all three chronic conditions. Nearly one in seven U.S. adults (15%) had one or more of these conditions undiagn...
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This report presents national prevalence estimates for self-reported health risk behaviors of smoking, alcohol use, and illicit drug use by U.S. adolescents aged 12-17 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Data in this report are from 6 years (1999-2004) of NHANES, which is conducted on a complex, stratified, mult...
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This report presents national anthropometric reference data for the U.S. population aged 3 months and older in 1988-1994. Data in this report are from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), which was conducted on a complex, stratified, multistage probability sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized U.S. populat...
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The goal of this paper was to report the prevalence of dental care — a Healthy People 2010 objective — for nursing home residents 65 years and older, and to assess the association between receipt of dental care with other oral status and workforce measures. Data from 7,363 residents aged 65 years and older with information in the 1997 National Nurs...
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This report presents prevalence estimates for self-reported adult drug use and sexual behaviors in the United States. Data are from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) collected from 1999 to 2002. NHANES surveys a stratified multistage probability sample of the civilian noninstitutionalized population of the United States....
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The Oral Health Component of the 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a collaborative effort between the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (NIDCR), the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Division of Oral Health (NCCDPHP/DOH), and the National Center for Health...
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This report presents national anthropometric reference data based on health examination survey results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2002, for all ages of the U.S. population. Weighted population means, standard errors of the means, and selected percentiles are presented for the total U.S. population by se...
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Mercury amalgam dental restorations have been used by dentists since the mid 19th century and issues on safety continue to be periodically debated within the scientific and public health communities. Previous studies have reported a positive association between urine mercury levels and the number of dental amalgams, but this relation has never been...
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This report presents trends in national estimates of mean weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) from the National Health Examination and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys between 1960 and 2002. The tables included in this report present data for adults by sex, race/ethnicity, and age group and for children by sex and year of...
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Two case control studies, one for lung cancer and one for non-malignant respiratory disease excluding influenza and pneumonia, of workers engaged in asphalt roofing manufacturing and asphalt production were performed to determine whether there was an increased risk associated with exposure to asphalt fumes or respirable crystalline silica in these...
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To investigate the question of whether there is an association between workplace exposures and sociodemographic factors and mortality from non-malignant respiratory disease excluding influenza and pneumonia (NMRDxIP) among workers in a fibreglass wool manufacturing facility. A case-control study with cases and controls derived from deaths recorded...
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We report an update of the mortality experience of a cohort of 8878 employees who worked between November 1, 1965, and December 31, 1988, at a synthetic fiber manufacturing facility with potential exposure to glycerol polyglycidyl ether (T55) and were followed through December 31, 1998. The mortality experience of the race/gender groups within the...
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To investigate the question of whether there is an association between exposure to silica or respirable glass fibre and mortality from nephritis or nephrosis among workers in fibrous glass wool manufacturing facilities. A case-control study with cases and controls derived from the Owens Corning mortality surveillance system. Two case-control analys...
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An historical cohort mortality study was undertaken at Owens Corning's continuous filament fiberglass manufacturing plant in Anderson, South Carolina. The cohort included 1074 white women, 130 black women, and 494 black men who worked for a minimum of one year from the opening of the plant in 1951 through December 31, 1991. This represents the larg...
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An historical cohort mortality study of a continuous filament fiberglass manufacturing plant was undertaken to determine whether an elevated lung cancer risk would be observed on a cohort basis. A nested case-control study of white male lung cancer deaths was incorporated into the study design. An interview survey to obtain information on sociodemo...
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In 1986 a statistically significant lung cancer SMR based on U.S. white male national mortality rates was reported for male fibrous glass workers for follow-up through 1982 of a cohort of U.S. man-made mineral fiber workers. The Newark, Ohio, plant of Owens-Corning, which comprised 38% of the fibrous glass workers in that cohort, also exhibited a s...
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A case-control study of malignant and non-malignant respiratory disease among employees of the Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation's Newark, Ohio plant was undertaken. The aim was to determine the extent to which exposures to substances in the Newark plant environment, to non-workplace factors, or to a combination may play a part in the risk of mor...
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A case-control study was conducted to determine the influence of non-workplace factors on risk of respiratory disease among workers at the Owens-Corning Fiberglas plant in Newark, Ohio. Cases and controls were drawn from a historical cohort mortality study conducted on behalf of the Thermal Insulation Manufacturers Association (TIMA) of workers emp...

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