Cheryl Anne Boyce

• Ph.D.
• National Institutes of Health

Adolescence is an exciting and challenging period of maturation, rapid brain development, and developmental changes in neurobiological, neurocognitive, and neurobehavioral processes. Although behavioral therapies available for adolescent substance abuse have increased, effectiveness research in this area lags considerably behind that of clinical re...

In 1997, the National Institutes of Health within the United States Department of Health and Human Services reviewed the state of its research on child abuse and neglect (US Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, 1997). The findings suggested that although neglect was the most frequent type of child maltreatment, re...

Cognitive control has long been a validated construct to explain risk for drug abuse. Research evidence suggests that cognitive-control interventions show promise for future preventive intervention and treatment efforts across development. Biomarkers of the efficacy of these interventions have also been identified. To examine the potential of utili...

Emerging brain-imaging findings suggest that developmental differences in the structure and activity of brain regions involved in motivation and behavior control may contribute to risky behavior in adolescence. Adolescence may be characterized by robust motivational neurocircuitry that is relatively unhindered by developing cognitive control neuroc...

Males experience greater morbidity and mortality than females worldwide; however, boys and men from US health disparity populations (e.g., racial/ethnic minority and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups) have significantly poorer health compared with US women and White men.1 Alarmingly, these differences in sickness and death are not only stubbor...

Despite focused efforts toward the prevention of youth violence within the United States, it continues to adversely affect the lives of children and families within our communities and society at large. The articles in this issue address risk and protective factors that affect violence among urban youth to inform prevention and treatment. Pathways...

Documenting that you have assembled a team with all the research expertise needed to conduct your proposed study is critical to receiving a positive review. Key elements that reviewers look for include demonstrated expertise in each aspect of the project across the timeline, adequacy of effort devoted to the project and schedule of proposed activit...

The Federal government supports research activities through various mechanisms that range in scope and budget. Within the Public Health Service alone there are over 100 mechanisms for an investigator to choose. Each mechanism has a specific purpose, set of guidelines and eligibility criteria. Therefore it is crucial to select the appropriate resear...

Understanding the principles and processes for protecting human subject (HS) safety is paramount in successfully carrying out clinical research. This chapter outlines the obligations that you have to HS protections prior to engaging in HHS funded research which involves human subjects. You must have a basic understanding of the ‘’Common Rule” (45 C...

Head Start is the largest federally funded primary prevention program in the United States and represents an important component of the early childhood service delivery system. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss the compatibility of the positive behavior support (PBS) approach and the Head Start program. Specifically, this chapter (a) gives...

As the United States becomes increasingly diverse and the inclusion of children, women, and ethnic minorities in research is encouraged for clinical research (National Institutes of Health, 199827. National Institutes of Health. (1998). NIH policy and guidelines on the inclusion of children as participants in research involving human subjects. Retr...

The early identification and remediation of emotional or behavior disorders are high priorities for early-childhood researchers and are based on the assumption that problems such as school failure can be averted with early screening, prevention, and intervention. Presently, prevalence, severity, and topography of mental health needs among low-incom...

Recognizing that researchers and clinicians are increasingly faced with assessing, treating, and studying ethnically, racially, and culturally diverse populations, one question is whether the appropriate tools exist. This special section aspires to advance the available assessment strategies that are appropriate for the treatment, prevention, and r...

In response to U.S. Public Health Service projects promoting attention to disparities in the outcomes of mental health treatments, in July 2001, the American Psychological Association, the National Institute of Mental Health, and the Fordham University Center for Ethics Education convened a group of national leaders in bioethics, multicultural rese...

The Head Start Mental Health Research Consortium (HSMHRC) Is a research partnership between the Administration on Children, Youth and Families (ACYF) and the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH). Funded jointly by these two agencies, a research consortium with five core sites brought together a range of disciplinary perspectives with three pr...

Serving low-income children from birth to age five and their families, Head Start is a primary venue for identification and intervention in the area of child mental health. However, recent research has demonstrated that the knowledge base regarding prevalence, developmental course, and predictive power of child mental health problems is lacking for...