Cher Pin Song

• Lecturer at Monash University Malaysia

The synthesis of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)‐enriched medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerols (MLCT), particularly with DHA at the sn ‐2 position and medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) at the sn ‐1,3 positions, is a promising strategy to enhance DHA bioavailability. However, the synthesis of DHA‐enriched MLCTs is hindered by steric hindrance due to DHA...

Glycidyl ester (GE) and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol ester (3-MCPDE) are food contaminants formed during edible oil refining. Due to their potential human carcinogenicity, the European Commission has established regulatory limits for vegetable oil, including palm oil. While laboratory-scale studies have shown promising reductions, large-scale imple...

The lack of reliable electricity access persists as a global issue, particularly in rural areas. Off-grid electrification using diesel generators is commonly practiced by rural communities, but using diesel is not environmentally sustainable. In this paper, we proposed a new concept to create renewable energy access in rural areas by co-producing b...

The use of enzymes in biodiesel production has recently garnered attention owing to increasing awareness towards environmental sustainability. However, producing biodiesel enzymatically comes with its challenges such mass transfer limitations and slow reaction. To overcome these limitations, enzymatic biodiesel production can be intensified using v...

BACKGROUND Crude palm oil (CPO) is rich with phytonutrients such as carotenoids and tocols which possesses many health benefits. The aim of this research was to develop a methanol‐free process to produce palm phytonutrients via enzymatic hydrolysis. In this work, triacylglycerol was hydrolyzed into free fatty acids (FFAs) using three different type...

Depletion of fossil fuel, increasing energy demand and environmental degradation have motivated the development and application of biofuels. Biodiesel is a promising replacement for fossil diesel because it can be derived from renewable sources and it lowers the emission of greenhouse gases. This chapter comprehensively reviews the process for biod...

Alginate-based nanocomposite beads have been widely studied as adsorbents for heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions because of their low cost and superior adsorption performance. Additionally, they can be reused after regeneration via desorption for increased sustainability. This paper, for the first time, reports the environmental impacts of...

To date, irregularity and lack of power supply remain a global problem in the rural areas of underdeveloped and developing countries. This paper proposes a new concept for rural electrification by using palm oil mills to co-produce biodiesel from sludge palm oil. We performed a case study based on a medium-sized palm oil mill in Central Kalimantan....

A high-performance polyacid ion exchange (IEX) nanofiber membrane was used in membrane chromatography for the recovery of lysozyme from chicken egg white (CEW). The polyacid IEX nanofiber membrane (P-BrA) was prepared by the functionalization of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membrane with ethylene diamine (EDA) and bromoacetic acid (BrA). The a...

Sludge palm oil is a by-product produced as a result of oil loss into waste streams during the palm oil milling process. It is non-edible, inexpensive and abundantly available, thus making it an attractive feedstock for biodiesel production. However, it contains high contents of water and free fatty acids, rendering the conventional alkali-catalyze...

N-[(2-hydroxyl-3-trimethylammonium) propyl] chitosan chloride (HTCC), which is a type of chitosan derivative with quaternary ammonium groups, possesses a higher antibacterial activity as compared to the pristine chitosan. The nanofiber membranes made of HTCC are attractive for applications demanding for antibacterial function. However, the hydrophi...

The objective of this study was to develop a novel electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofiber membrane with enhanced antibacterial property. During the synthesis process, the PAN nanofiber membrane was first subjected to alkaline hydrolysis treatment and the treated membrane was subsequently grafted with chitosan (CS) to obtain CS-modified nanof...

High-pressure homogenization (HPH) and high-pressure processing (HPP) are emerging technologies for the food industry. Both technologies employ high pressure to preserve foods. However, the principal mechanism of HPH is based on shear stress distribution in a material instead of a decrease in volume due to an increase in pressure as occurring in HP...

A low-cost liquid lipase from genetically modified Aspergillus oryzae (Eversa® Transform 2.0) was used in this study for biodiesel production. The catalytic performance of this enzyme was evaluated using refined palm oil adjusted with different free fatty acid (FFA) content. The methanol-to-oil molar ratio was varied from 1:1 to 8:1 to determine th...

Lysozyme from crude chicken egg white (CEW) feedstock was successfully purified using a stirred fluidized bed adsorption system ion exchange chromatography where STREAMLINE SP and SP-XL high density adsorbents were selected as the adsorption carrier. The thermodynamic and kinetic studies were carried out to understand the characteristics of lysozym...

A stirred fluidized bed (SFB) ion exchange chromatography was successfully applied in the direct recovery of recombinant enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) from the unclarified Escherichia coli homogenate. Optimal conditions for both adsorption and elution processes were determined from the packed-bed adsorption systems conducted at a small...

Nanofiber membrane chromatography integrates liquid membrane chromatography and nanofiber filtration into a single-step purification process. Nanofiber membrane can be functionalised with affinity ligands for promoting binding specificity of membrane. Dye molecules are a good affinity ligand for nanofiber membrane due to their low cost and high bin...

The formation of aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) with the environmentally friendly and recyclable ionic liquid has been gaining popularity in the field of protein separation. In this study, the ATPSs comprising N,N-dimethylammonium N′,N′-dimethylcarbamate (DIMCARB) and thermo-responsive poly(propylene) glycol (PPG) were applied for the recovery of...

Ionic liquid-based aqueous two-phase systems (IL-ATPSs) have been studied comprehensively as a potential alternative method for protein purification. One of the distinct features of IL-ATPS is that the polarity of IL can be adjusted by different combinations of cation and anion, providing the flexibility in governing the partition of proteins betwe...

Aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) composed of ionic liquids (ILs) have been widely explored over the past decade for application in protein purification. The interaction between the phase components of ATPSs and the target protein is one of the factors governing the partition behaviour of the protein. The addition of adjuvants like inorganic salts...

The liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data for aqueous two-phase systems (ATPSs) comprising poly(propylene glycol) 400 (PPG 400) and cholinium-aminoate-based ([Ch][AA]) ionic liquid were determined experimentally at T = (288.15 and 308.15) K, while the LLE data at T = 298.15 K was adopted from our previous work for comparison. The experimental binoda...

Cholinium-based ionic liquids made of aminoate anions ([Ch][AA] ILs) have been proven to have low toxicity and to be readily biodegradable. This class of ILs has great potential as a novel phase-forming component for aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) used in protein separation. In this study, environmentally benign ATPSs were prepared by using a seri...