Cheng Xie

Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust | OUH NHS

Background/Introduction A limitation of post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) is the diagnostic accuracy of coronary related death, which constitute majority of investigations. Measurements using coronary inflammation with fat attenuation index (FAI) Score, clinical risk factors and coronary plaque metrics from CCTA to predict fatal cardiac events...

Objective Spectral imaging in photon-counting CT (PCCT) allows selective quantification of desired structures and coupled with high spatial resolution could deliver the desired imaging parameters for calcified coronary plaque characterisation. Objective of this study was to understand the material composition pattern of calcium using PCCT spectral...

One in ten severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections result in prolonged symptoms termed long coronavirus disease (COVID), yet disease phenotypes and mechanisms are poorly understood ¹ . Here we profiled 368 plasma proteins in 657 participants ≥3 months following hospitalization. Of these, 426 had at least one long COVID symptom an...

Introduction Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] has an established link with cardiovascular disease, however the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Objective We investigate the prognostic value of LPA genetic variants that determine Lp(a) levels, in patients with coronary artery disease. Methods We determined the plasma Lp(a) levels of 1472 c...

Introduction: The diagnostic performance of EKG in ruling out myocardial abnormalities following COVID-19 is unclear. Aim: To assess the ability of EKG to exclude cardiac abnormalities on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) in post-hospitalised COVID-19 patients. Methods: Post-hospitalized patients (n=212) & comorbidities matched controls (n=3...

Introduction: Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] has an established link with cardiovascular disease yet the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Methods: In 1472 cardiac surgery patients, we compared patients with any alternative allele from ≥3 of 7 Lp(a)-increasing SNPs (alternative variant group) to those with no alternative alleles in any of...

Introduction The recent introduction of photon counting detector (PCD) cardiac computed tomography angiography (CCTA) presents a unique opportunity to improve coronary phenotyping owing to the increased temporospatial resolution and spectral imaging capabilities.We set out to test the hypothesis that coronary evaluation with PCD-CCTA faithfully cor...

Introduction and Purpose The medium-long impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on active populations is yet to be fully understood. The M-COVID study was set up to investigate cardiopulmonary, functional, cognitive, and mental health post-COVID-19 outcomes in a young, physically active working-age population, across the spectrum of acute CO...

Introduction The multiorgan impact of moderate to severe coronavirus infections in the post-acute phase is still poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the excess burden of multiorgan abnormalities after hospitalisation with COVID-19, evaluate their determinants, and explore associations with patient-related outcome measures. Methods In a prospec...

Since the emergence of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and later vision transformers (ViTs), the common paradigm for model development has always been using a set of identical block types with varying parameters/hyper-parameters. To leverage the benefits of different architectural designs (e.g. CNNs and ViTs), we propose to alternate structur...

Introduction Lp(a) levels has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk and is a therapeutic target in cardiovascular prevention. However, the mechanisms behind this association are unclear. A new radiotranscriptomic library (the oxHVF platform) uses RNA sequencing data from human arteries and perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) as ground t...

Background The medium-long impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on active populations is yet to be fully understood, with potential individual and operational impact on military service personnel (SP). The M-COVID study was established to investigate cardiopulmonary, functional, cognitive, and mental health post-COVID-19 SP outcomes, acros...

Background Patients with a history of COVID-19 infection are reported to have cardiac abnormalities on cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) during convalescence. However, it is unclear whether these abnormalities were present during the acute COVID-19 illness and how they may evolve over time. Methods We prospectively recruited unvaccinated pat...

Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to significant morbidity and mortality, with the former impacting and limiting individuals requiring high physical fitness, including sportspeople and emergency services. Methods Observational cohort study of 4 groups: hospitalised, community illness with on-going symptoms (community-symptomatic), community...

Objective Post-COVID-19 syndrome presents a health and economic challenge affecting ~10% of patients recovering from COVID-19. Accurate assessment of patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome is complicated by health anxiety and coincident symptomatic autonomic dysfunction. We sought to determine whether either symptoms or objective cardiopulmonary exer...

Background Advances in computational methodologies have enabled processing of large datasets originating from imaging studies. However, most imaging biomarkers suffer from a lack of direct links with underlying biology, as they are only observationally correlated with pathophysiology. Purpose To develop and validate a novel AI-assisted image analy...

The longer-term effects of COVID-19 on lung physiology remain poorly understood. Here, a new technique, computed cardiopulmonography (CCP), was used to study two COVID-19 cohorts (MCOVID and C-MORE-LP) at both ~6 and ~12 months post infection. CCP is comprised of two components. The first is to collect highly precise, highly time-resolved measureme...

Background Post-COVID-19 syndrome presents a challenge when determining the occupational grading of symptomatic military personnel, and their ability to deploy. In particular, the accurate assessment of patients with post COVID-19 syndrome is complicated by health anxiety and coincident symptomatic autonomic dysfunction. We therefore sought to dete...

Objective Post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT) is widely used to reduce the requirement for invasive autopsy. The angiographic aspect of the PMCT has been described in centres in England and Europe using different techniques. This study was built on this foundation to develop an alternative approach by adopting interventional techniques under bot...

Background Direct evaluation of vascular inflammation in patients with COVID-19 would facilitate more efficient trials of new treatments and identify patients at risk of long-term complications who might respond to treatment. We aimed to develop a novel artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted image analysis platform that quantifies cytokine-driven va...

Background The SARS-Cov-2 Omicron variant demonstrates rapid spread but with reduced disease severity. Studies evaluating the lung imaging findings of Omicron infection versus non-Omicron variants remain lacking. Purpose To compare Omicron and Delta variants of SARS-CoV-2 by their chest CT radiological pattern, biochemical parameters, clinical seve...

Introduction There have been more than 425 million COVID-19 infections worldwide. Post-COVID illness has become a common, disabling complication of this infection. Therefore, it presents a significant challenge to global public health and economic activity. Methods Comprehensive clinical assessment (symptoms, WHO performance status, cognitive test...

Objectives: To investigate cardiopulmonary, functional, cognitive, and mental health post-COVID-19 outcomes in a young, physically active working-age population, across the spectrum of acute COVID-19 severity. Methods: Observational cohort study of 4 groups; hospitalised, community illness with on-going symptoms (community-symptomatic), community i...

Aim To determine if there is a difference in radiological, biochemical, or clinical severity between patients infected with Alpha-variant SARS-CoV-2 compared with those infected with pre-existing strains, and to determine if the computed tomography (CT) severity score (CTSS) for COVID-19 pneumonitis correlates with clinical severity and can prognos...

Background The longitudinal trajectories of cardiopulmonary abnormalities and symptoms following infection with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are unclear. We sought to describe their natural history in previously hospitalised patients, compare this with controls, and assess the relationship between symptoms and cardiopulmonary impairment at 6 mont...

Background Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) have provided important insights into the prevalence of early cardiopulmonary abnormalities in COVID-19 patients. It is currently unknown whether such abnormalities persist over time and relate to ongoing symptoms. Purpose To describe the longitudinal trajector...

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is a radiation-free, high-spatial resolution technique which provides dynamic assessment of the heart and pericardial tissue. This is particularly useful for the evaluation and characterisation of non-cardiac tumours close to the pericardium for the exclusion of cardiovascular infiltration, and also for the a...

Background The longitudinal trajectories of cardiopulmonary abnormalities and symptoms following infection with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) are unclear. We sought to describe their natural history in previously hospitalised patients, compare this with controls, and assess the relationship between symptoms and cardiopulmonary impairment at 6 mont...

Background Evidence suggests that adverse outcomes in COVID-19 may be driven by a cytokine-induced vascular inflammatory response, caused by SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2). Aim We aimed to develop a non-invasive method for quantifying cytokine-driven vascular inflammation in patients with acute COVID-19 infection that...

Introduction Ultrasound guided sampling (USGS) of supraclavicular lymph nodes (SCLN) with fine needle aspiration (FNA) or core biopsy is a well established, minimally invasive method for obtaining cytological diagnosis in metastatic lung cancer. It is recommended in the National Lung Cancer Optimal Pathway ‘Direct to Biopsy’ option for cases where...

Background The medium-term effects of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on organ health, exercise capacity, cognition, quality of life and mental health are poorly understood. Methods Fifty-eight COVID-19 patients post-hospital discharge and 30 age, sex, body mass index comorbidity-matched controls were enrolled for multiorgan (brain, lungs, heart, l...

Die Granulomatose mit Polyangiitis ist eine systemische nekrotisierende Vaskulitis, von der kleine bis mittlere Blutgefäße betroffen sind. Die Diagnosestellung kann dadurch erschwert werden, dass die klinischen und radiologischen Befunde Ähnlichkeiten mit Infektionen und malignen Erkrankungen aufweisen. Serologische und histopathologische Untersuch...

Objectives Scaphoid injuries occult on plain radiography often require further imaging for definitive diagnosis. We investigate the utility of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) for the detection of acute bone marrow oedema and fracture of scaphoid compared to MRI. Materials and methods Twenty patients who presented acutely (without prior inju...

Introduction: COVID-19 is characterised by severe vascular inflammation. Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) has the ability to change its texture in response to vascular inflammation. Hypothesis: Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA)-based radiotranscriptomic phenotyping of PVAT may quantify COVID-19-induced vascular inflammation, predicting clinic...

Background The medium-term effects of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on multiple organ health, exercise capacity, cognition, quality of life and mental health are poorly understood. Methods Fifty-eight COVID-19 patients post-hospital discharge and 30 comorbidity-matched controls were prospectively enrolled for multiorgan (brain, lungs, heart, live...

Objective The chest radiograph (CXR) is the predominant imaging investigation being used to triage patients prior to either performing a SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test or a diagnostic CT scan, but there are limited studies that assess the diagnostic accuracy of chest radiographs in COVID-19. To determine the accuracy of CXR diagnos...

AIM To compare the interobserver reliability and diagnostic accuracy of the British Thoracic Society (BTS) scale and other visual assessment criteria in the context of 2-[¹⁸F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) evaluation of solid pulmonary nodules (SPNs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty patients...

During the COVID-19 pandemic, chest CT is frequently used to help with the diagnosis. The classic CT patterns of COVID-19 pneumonia are well-published and recognized among radiologists. However, when there are pre-existing conditions particularly in the elderly population that could mask or result in similar patterns of disease, then the diagnosis...

Aim To determine the incidence of possible COVID-19-related lung changes on preoperative screening computed tomography (CT) for COVID-19 and how their findings influenced decision-making and to determine whether the patients were managed as COVID-19 patients after their imaging findings, and the proportion who had SARS-CoV2 reverse transcription-po...

Dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance (MR) lymphangiography is a radiation-free, high spatial resolution technique which is increasingly used to evaluate thoracic lymphatic disorders and for pre-procedural planning. DCE has the added advantage of allowing dynamic real time evaluation of lymphatic flow. It can be employed to investigate...

Abstract Brown tumours do not represent neoplastic process, but they are focal bony lesions due to bone remodelling from either primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism. Their incidence is also low. The current literature on brown tumour is mainly in the form of case reports that focus on single affected sites. This pictorial review describes the f...

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis is a systemic necrotizing vasculitis that affects the small- and medium-sized blood vessels. The diagnosis can be challenging since the clinical and imaging findings have similarities with infection, and malignancy. Serologic and histopathological investigations often help confirm the diagnosis. However, this can be...

Thyroid nodules are a common occurrence in the general population, and these incidental thyroid nodules are often referred for ultrasound (US) evaluation. US provides a safe and fast method of examination. It is sensitive for the detection of thyroid nodules, and suspicious features can be used to guide further investigation/management decisions. H...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term outcome of patients with a sacral chordoma and the surgical management of locally recurrent disease. Between October 1990 and August 2013 we operated on 54 consecutive patients with a sacral chordoma. There were 34 men and 20 women with a mean age of 60 years (25 to 86). The mean maximum diame...

To investigate the long-term clinical and imaging outcomes of patients with chondroblastoma treated by radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Retrospective analysis of 25 consecutive patients treated with RFA from September 2006 to December 2013. Patients were reviewed within one month of the procedure, then every 3-6 months, and yearly for up to three yea...

Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and computed tomography (CT) integrated in one system (SPECT/CT) is an effective co-registration technique that helps to localize and characterize lesions in the hand and wrist. However, patient motion may cause misalignment between the two modalities leading to potential misdiagnosis. The aim of t...

The emergence of multi-detector row CT (MDCT) has established and extended the role of CT especially in paediatric chest imaging. This has altered the way in which data is acquired and is perceived as the 'gold standard' in the detection of certain chest pathologies. The range of available post-processing tools provide alternative ways in which CT...