Cheng-Chia Lee

• M.D Ph.D
• Medical Doctor at Taipei Veterans General Hospital

Introduction Management for elderly patients (> 65yo) with incidental meningiomas remains unclear. This study aims to characterize the functional and tumor outcomes of expectant and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) management of asymptomatic meningioma elderly patients. Methods Using retrospectively collected data from 14 centers, SRS outcomes were...

OBJECTIVE This study focuses on epidermal growth factor receptor–mutated lung adenocarcinoma, known for frequent brain metastasis. It aimed to compare the clinical outcomes and cost-effectiveness of combining Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (GKRS+TKI group) versus TKIs alone (TKI group) for the treatment of pa...

Background Meningioma, the most common primary brain tumor, presents significant challenges in MRI-based diagnosis and treatment planning due to its diverse manifestations. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have shown promise in improving the accuracy and efficiency of meningioma segmentation from MRI scans. This systematic review and meta-analy...

The complex vascular structure of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) is a serious impediment to radiosurgical treatment planning. Precise delineation of AVMs is crucial to the effectiveness of Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) and efforts to minimize the risk of adverse radiation effects; however, manual segmentation methods are labor-intens...

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate local control (LC) of tumors, patient overall survival (OS), and the safety of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for esophageal cancer brain metastases (EBMs). METHODS This retrospective cohort study used data from 15 International Radiosurgery Research Foundation facilities encompassing 67 patients with 185 EB...

The chapter explores the extensive integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare systems, with a specific focus on its application in stereotactic radiosurgery. The rapid evolution of AI technology has led to promising developments in this field, particularly through the utilization of machine learning and deep learning models. The dive...

Computational neurosurgery is a novel and disruptive field where artificial intelligence and computational modeling are used to improve the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of patients affected by diseases of neurosurgical relevance. The field aims to bring new knowledge to clinical neurosciences and inform on the profound questions related to t...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Pineocytomas are grade 1 tumors arising from the pineal parenchyma. Gross total resection can potentially cure these benign lesions but can be associated with morbidity. This study was designed to provide multi-institutional data to evaluate the results of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for pineocytomas. METHODS Centers...

Background and objectives Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) is a debilitating facial pain disorder, often necessitating surgical interventions when medication proves insufficient. Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) is an established therapeutic option. Limited studies explored the feasibility of a third SRS procedure. Our study investigates the safety and eff...

OBJECTIVE Anterior cranial fossa (ACF) dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) are notoriously malignant vascular abnormalities, and their drainage into the cortical vein poses a high risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is increasingly seen as an alternative to microsurgery or embolization for the treatment of DAVFs;...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Oligodendrogliomas are primary brain tumors classified as isocitrate deshydrogenase–mutant and 1p19q codeleted in the 2021 World Health Organization Classification of central nervous system tumors. Surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are well-established management options for these tumors. Few studies have...

Purpose To report patient outcomes and local tumor control rates in a cohort of patients with biopsy-proven HER-2 positive breast cancer treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for brain metastases (BM). Methods This international, retrospective, multicenter study, included 195 female patients with 1706 SRS-treated BM. Radiologic and clinical...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with neoadjuvant embolization is a treatment strategy for brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), especially for those with large nidal volume or concomitant aneurysms. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of pre-SRS embolization in AVMs with an associated intracranial aneurysm...

Sinus occlusion after SRS for transverse-sigmoid sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas TO THE EDITOR: We were interested to read the study by Umekawa et al. 1 evaluating outcomes of 34 patients with transverse-sigmoid sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (TSS DAVFs) after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) (Umekawa M, Shinya Y, Hasegawa H, et al. Safety ev...

Background: Higher risk of secondary brain tumor, carotid stenosis and stroke has been reported after conventional sella irradiation for pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNET). Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), which is a more focused approach, is now increasingly used instead. The aim was to assess the risk of secondary brain tumor, carotid sten...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Treatment selection for brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) is complicated by BAVM size, location, and hemodynamics. Quantitative digital subtraction angiography is used to quantify the hemodynamic impact of BAVMs on cerebral circulation. This study investigated the association between cerebral circulation time and t...

OBJECTIVE Accounting for approximately 15% of primary liver cancers and 3% of gastrointestinal malignancies, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) poses a serious health concern given its high mortality rate. Managing brain metastases (BMs) from CCA is challenging because of their rarity and poor prognosis, with little guidance on treatment from the literature....

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Studies comparing neurological and radiographic outcomes of repeat to initial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) intracranial arteriovenous malformations are scarce. Our aim was to perform a retrospective matched comparison of patients initially treated with SRS with those undergoing a second radiosurgical procedure. METHODS...

INTRODUCTION Oligodendrogliomas are primary brain tumors classified as IDH-mutant and 1p19q co-deleted in the 2021 WHO Classification. Surgery, fractionated radiotherapy and chemotherapy are well established treatments for these tumors, but there are few studies evaluating the efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). As these tumors are less in...

INTRODUCTION Repeat stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for persistent cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) has generally favorable patient outcomes. However, reporting studies are limited by small patient numbers and single-institution biases. METHODS This multicenter, retrospective cohort study included patients treated with repeat, single-frac...

INTRODUCTION There is conflicting evidence on the significance of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) staining in the prognosis of nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NFpitNETs). METHODS This retrospective, multicenter study included patients managed with SRS for NFpitNET residuals. The patients were divided into two cohorts: 1) silent...

INTRODUCTION In Cushing disease, the definition of success after resection of corticotroph adenomas remains unclear given inconsistent pathology and high recurrence rates despite initial biochemical remission. METHODS We collected 12 years of in-hospital cortisol data after the removal of pathology-confirmed corticotroph adenomas in patients with...

Purpose Reduced glucose metabolism in the hippocampus is commonly observed in cases of medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) with hippocampal sclerosis (HS). Glucose metabolism among the various hippocampal subfields has not been thoroughly investigated. Patients and Methods This study examined 29 patients (18 females; 15–58 years) diagnosed with H...

The aim of the study was to investigate whether morphology (i.e. compact/diffuse) of brain arteriovenous malformations (bAVMs) correlates with the incidence of hemorrhagic events in patients receiving Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS) for unruptured bAVMs. This retrospective study included 262 adult patients with unruptured bAVMs who underwent upfron...

Background Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) is an effective presurgical invasive evaluation for drug-resistant epilepsies. The introduction of robotic devices provides a simplified, accurate, and safe alternative to the conventional SEEG technique. We report our institutional experience with robot-assisted SEEG and compare its in vivo accuracy,...

Objective: To thoroughly analyze factors affecting the generalization ability of deep learning algorithms on brain tumor detection and segmentation models. Patients and Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and IEEE from inception to July 25, 2023, and 19 studies with 12,000 patients were identified. The criteria re...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to describe the long-term outcomes and associated risks related to repeat stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for persistent arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in pediatric patients. METHODS Under the auspices of the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation, this retrospective multicenter study analyzed pe...

Neuroimaging studies suggest cross-sensory visual influences in human auditory cortices (ACs). Whether these influences reflect active visual processing in human ACs, which drives neuronal firing and concurrent broadband high-frequency activity (BHFA; >70 Hz), or whether they merely modulate sound processing is still debatable. Here, we presented a...

Background Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is used to treat recurrent or residual nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NFPA). The objective of the study was to assess imaging and development of new pituitary hormone deficiency. Methods Patients treated with single-session SRS for a NFPA were included in this retrospective, multicenter s...

OBJECTIVE Patients with deep-seated arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) have a higher rate of unfavorable outcome and lower rate of nidus obliteration after primary stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The aim of this study was to evaluate and quantify the effect of AVM location on repeat SRS outcomes. METHODS This retrospective, multicenter study invo...

Evidence from monkeys and humans suggests that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) encodes the subjective value of options under consideration during choice. Data from non-human primates suggests that these value signals are context-dependent, representing subjective value in a way influenced by the decision makers’ recent experience. Using electrodes d...

OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to characterize local tumor control (LC), overall survival (OS), and safety of stereotactic radiosurgery for colorectal brain metastasis (CRBM). METHODS Ten international institutions participating in the International Radiosurgery Research Foundation provided data for this retrospective case series. This study...

Background Despite advances in immunotherapy and targeted treatments for malignancies of the central nervous system (CNS), the treatment of brain metastases (BMs) remains a formidable challenge, due largely to difficulties in crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB), drug resistance, and molecular discrepancies. Focused ultrasound (FUS) is a non-inva...

Background Manual detection of brain metastases is both laborious and inconsistent, driving the need for more efficient solutions. Accordingly, our systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the efficacy of deep learning algorithms in detecting and segmenting brain metastases from various primary origins in MRI images. Methods We conducted a comp...

Purpose To examine the differential effects of SRS and TKI on EGFR-mutated NSCLC patients with brain metastases (BMs) and outcomes following continuation of the same TKI agent in case of new BMs. Methods This study included 608 NSCLC patients (2,274 BMs) while meta-analyses included 1,651 NSCLC patients (> 3,944 BMs). Overall survival (OS) and int...

Purpose Given the availability of TKIs with high central nervous system efficacy, the question arises as to whether upfront SRS provides additional clinical benefits. The goal of this study was to characterize the clinical outcomes of SRS as salvage therapy for TKI-uncontrolled BMs. Methods This retrospective study included EGFR-mutant NSCLC patie...

ABBREVIATIONS AVM = arteriovenous malformation; RIC = radiation-induced change; SDH = subdistribution hazard; SRS = stereotactic radiosurgery. OBJECTIVE Patients with deep-seated arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) have a higher rate of unfavorable outcome and lower rate of nidus obliteration after primary stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). The aim of...

Background and objectives: Intratumoral hemorrhage (ITH) in vestibular schwannoma (VS) after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is exceedingly rare. The aim of this study was to define its incidence and describe its management and outcomes in this subset of patients. Methods: A retrospective multi-institutional study was conducted, screening 9565 p...

Background Deep learning–based segmentation algorithms usually required large or multi‐institute data sets to improve the performance and ability of generalization. However, protecting patient privacy is a key concern in the multi‐institutional studies when conventional centralized learning (CL) is used. Purpose To explores the feasibility of a pr...

Background and objectives: An international, multicenter, retrospective study was conducted to evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes and tumor control rates after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for trigeminal schwannoma. Methods: Patient data (N = 309) were collected from 14 international radiosurgery centers. The median patient age was 50 y...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES There is conflicting evidence on the significance of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) staining in the prognosis of nonfunctioning pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NFpitNETs). The objective of this study was to define the effect of ACTH immunostaining on clinical and radiographic outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery (SR...

Background and objectives: The pathophysiology of vestibular schwannoma (VS) pseudoprogression after Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) remains unclear. Radiological features in pretreatment magnetic resonance images may help predict VS pseudoprogression. This study used VS radiological features quantified using an automated segmentation algorithm to...

Background: Repeat stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for persistent cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) has generally favorable patient outcomes. However, reporting studies are limited by small patient numbers and single-institution biases. The purpose of this study was to provide the combined experience of multiple centers, in an effort to fu...

Background and objectives: Meningiomas in children are uncommon, with distinct characteristics that set them apart from their adult counterparts. The existing evidence for stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in this patient population is limited to only case series. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of SRS in managing...

Purpose This study was to determine whether combining blood-brain-barrier-penetrant tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), osimertinib, with intracranial radiotherapy (TKI + RT) would confer benefits exceeding those of osimertinib alone (TKI-alone) in terms of treatment outcomes among non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases and...

Introduction Historical reservations regarding radiosurgery (SRS) for small-cell-lung-cancer (SCLC) brain metastases (BrM) include concerns for short-interval/diffuse CNS-progression, poor prognoses, and increased neurological mortality specific to SCLC histology. We compared SRS outcomes for SCLC and non-small-cell-lung-cancer (NSCLC) where SRS is...

INTRODUCTION Investigations of the combined effects of neoadjuvant Onyx embolization and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) on brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) have not accounted for initial angioarchitectural features prior to neuroendovascular intervention. METHODS The International Radiosurgery Research Foundation AVM databases from 1987–20...

Background: Cell-free tumor DNA (ctDNA) obtained through liquid biopsy is useful for the molecular analysis of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Few studies have directly compared analysis platforms in terms of their diagnostic performance in analyzing ctDNA obtained from the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with leptomeningeal met...

Background: There are limited data regarding outcomes for patients with gastrointestinal (GI) primaries and brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). Objective: To examine clinical outcomes after SRS for patients with brain metastases from GI primaries and evaluate potential prognostic factors. Methods: The International R...

Background: Vestibular schwannomas (VSs) related to neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) are challenging tumors. The increasing use of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) necessitates further investigations of its role and safety. Objective: To evaluate tumor control, freedom from additional treatment (FFAT), serviceable hearing preservation, and radiatio...

The early prediction of overall survival (OS) in patients with lung cancer brain metastases (BMs) after Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) can facilitate patient management and outcome improvement. However, the disease progression is influenced by multiple factors, such as patient characteristics and treatment strategies, and hence satisfactory perfor...

BACKGROUND Noninvasive direct flow measurement from digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is challenging in brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs). We devised a method to estimate the blood volume flow rate of BAVM nidus using DSA, and assessed its association with angioarchitecture features in hemorrhagic presentation. METHODS A total of 24 pa...

Introduction: Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are highly effective treatments for brain metastases, particularly when these therapies are administered concurrently. However, there are limited data reporting the risk of radiation necrosis (RN) in this setting. Methods: Patients with brain metastases from pri...

Background: Delayed hypopituitarism is the most common complication after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for pituitary adenomas. Objective: To investigate the relationship between neuroanatomic structure distances from the radiation target and anterior pituitary function preservation after SRS through multicenter study. Methods: We retrospect...

(1) Background: Surgical resection for the removal of brain metastases often fails to prevent tumor recurrence within the surgical cavity; hence, researchers are divided as to the benefits of radiation treatment following surgical resection. This retrospective study assessed the effects of post-operative stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) on local tum...

Background Rapid evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) prompted its wide application in healthcare systems. Stereotactic radiosurgery served as a good candidate for AI model development and achieved encouraging result in recent years. This article aimed at demonstrating current AI application in radiosurgery.Methods Literatures published in Pub...

PurposeMetastases extending to the pituitary gland and cavernous sinus are extremely rare; however, advances in neuroimaging have increased the reported incidence. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) affords the precise delivery of focused radiation to minimize adverse radiation effects. This study assessed the efficacy and safety of SRS in the treatme...

Objective: Schizencephaly is a congenital cerebral malformation characterized by clefts in the hemispheres of the brain, where variations in semiology often make it difficult to localize epileptogenic focus. Here, we report on a series of patients who underwent stereo-encephalography (SEEG) for epileptogenic focus localization and subsequent SEEG-...

Objective To investigate the association between the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) signal characteristics of skull base chordoma and radiosurgical outcomes.Methods Twenty-four patients with skull base chordomas treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) after previous surgical resection were retrospectively (2001–2021) examined. Pre-GKRS MRIs...

Background: Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) for brain metastases (BMs) is a common cause of radiation-induced leukoencephalopathy; however the safety of alternative stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) remains unclear. This study examined the incidence of leukoencephalopathy in patients treated with SRS alone versus WBRT plus SRS for BMs with a fo...

Background: Intraventricular metastases (IVMs) are uncommon, and their optimal management remains debatable. Objective: The aim is to define the safety and efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the treatment of IVMs. Methods: This retrospective, multicenter study included patients managed with SRS for IVMs. SRS-induced adverse events,...

PurposeIn this study we report our 30-year experience in stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) treatment of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) brain metastases (BMs). It will serve to provide detailed longitudinal outcomes and predictors of efficacy in treating LUSC-BMs with SRS.Method We retrospectively reviewed 51 patients and 109 tumors treated with...

Background and objective: GKRS is an effective treatment for smaller intracranial tumors with a high control rate and low risk of complications. Target delineation in medical MR images is essential in the planning of GKRS and follow-up. A deep learning-based algorithm can effectively segment the targets from medical images and has been widely expl...

OBJECTIVE Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an effective treatment for brain metastases (BMs) in patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, factors associated with the development of post-SRS leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) remain unclear. The authors analyzed the incidence and risk factors of LM development in patients with NSCLC a...

OBJECTIVE Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) are commonly utilized in the management of brain metastases. Treatment-related imaging changes (TRIC) are a frequently observed clinical manifestation and are commonly classified as radiographic radiation necrosis. However, these findings are not well characterized and...

Purpose/Objective(s) Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are highly effective treatments for brain metastases (BrM), particularly when these therapies are administered concurrently. However, there are limited data reporting the risk of radiation necrosis (RN) in this setting. Materials/Methods Patients with BrM f...

Purpose Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM) is a serious complication of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly in patients with EGFR mutations. In this study, we investigated the survival outcomes of patients with EGFR-mutant NSCLC who have developed LM and explored the factors associated with their survival. Methods From April 2018 to Novem...

OBJECTIVE Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an effective treatment for intracranial metastatic disease, but its role in triple-negative breast cancer requires further study. Herein, the authors report overall survival (OS) and local tumor control in a multiinstitutional cohort with triple-negative breast cancer metastases treated with SRS. METHOD...

Background: Melanoma brain metastases are commonly treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, the toxicity of these 2 treatments is largely unknown when administered concurrently. Objective: To evaluate the risk of radiation necrosis (RN) with concurrent and nonconcurrent SRS and ICIs. Methods...

During economic choice, evidence from monkeys and humans suggest that activity in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) encodes the subjective values of options under consideration. Monkey data further suggests that value representations in the OFC are context dependent, representing subjective value in a way influenced by the decision makers’ recent expe...

OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to assess the safety and efficacy of single-session Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for orbital cavernous hemangiomas (OCHs). METHODS Patients who presented with an OCH between September 1999 and May 2022 and were treated with single-session GKRS were included in this single-center cohort study. RESULTS There...

OBJECTIVE Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) are commonly utilized in the management of brain metastases. Treatment-related imaging changes (TRICs) are a frequently observed clinical manifestation and are commonly classified as imaging-defined radiation necrosis. However, these findings are not well characterize...

Background: The outcomes of A Randomized Trial of Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformations (ARUBA) were controversial, and they suggested that intervention is inferior to medical management for unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). However, several studies have shown that stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is an acceptable therapy...

Background Whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) for brain metastases (BMs) is a common cause of radiation-induced leukoencephalopathy; however the safety of alternative stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) remains unclear. This study examined the incidence of leukoencephalopathy in patients treated with SRS alone versus WBRT plus SRS for BMs with a focu...

Objective Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is the first-line treatment for EGFR-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, its applicability to patients with wild-type NSCLC remains an issue of contention. This study compared the effects of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) alone versus combining GKRS and TKIs in treating two genetic form...

Objective Satisfaction with epilepsy surgery in Mandarin-speaking countries remains unknown. We aimed to validate in our Taiwanese patients an existing instrument to measure patient satisfaction with epilepsy surgery, the 19-item Epilepsy Surgery Satisfaction Questionnaire (ESSQ-19). Methods Consecutive patients with epilepsy who received epilepsy...

Objective To explore the impact of outflow patency on radiosurgical outcomes of lateral sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs). Methods We retrospectively examined 83 lateral sinus DAVFs treated with Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) between 1995 and 2020. Two neuroradiologists blinded to the therapeutic outcomes served as imaging evaluators on...

Neuroimaging studies suggest cross-sensory visual influences in human auditory cortices. Whether these influences reflect active visual processing in human auditory cortices (ACs), which drives neuronal firing and concurrent broadband high-frequency activity (BHFA; >70 Hz), or whether they merely modulate sound processing is still debatable. Here,...

Purpose: Sinovenous outflow plays a role in clinical presentation, classification, and therapeutic strategy of transverse-sigmoid sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (TSDAVFs). Therefore, we conducted the study to explore the impact of sinovenous outflow patency on radiosurgical outcomes of TSDAVFs. Methods or Background: We retrospectively (1995–20...

Purpose: To investigate sinovenous outflow restriction (SOR) in lateral sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (LSDAVFs) after Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) and its association with complete obliteration. Methods: We retrospectively (1995-2019) enrolled 39 patients with LSDAVFs who had undergone GKRS alone and evaluated their angiography and magne...

Both angiogenesis and inflammation contribute to activation of matrix metalloproeteinase-9 (MMP-9), which dissolves the extracellular matrix, disrupts the blood-brain barrier, and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs). The key common cytokine in both angiogenesis and inflammation is interleukin 6 (...

Objective Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) present variably, and epileptic seizures are the most common symptom. The factors contributing to cavernoma‐related epilepsy (CRE) and drug resistance remain inconclusive. The outcomes of CRE after different treatment modalities have not yet been fully addressed. This study aimed to characterize the...

Post-stroke seizure (PSS) can have a strong negative impact on functional recovery after stroke. Researchers have identified numerous risk factors of PSS; however, the relationship between infarction location and PSS remains unclear. We recruited patients who presented with an acute cerebral infarction between 2012 and 2017 and suffered from seizur...

Background Although complete nidal obliteration of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) is generally presumed to represent durable cure, postobliteration hemorrhage, and AVM recurrence have become increasingly recognized phenomena. The goal of the study was to define hemorrhage and nidal recurrence risks of obliterated AVMs treated with stereota...

Objective: The goal of the study was to define and quantify brain arteriovenous malformation (bAVM) compactness and to assess its effect on outcomes after Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) for unruptured bAVMs. Methods: Unsupervised machine learning with fuzzy c-means clustering was used to differentiate the tissue constituents of bAVMs on T2-weig...

Focused ultrasound (FUS) has potential utility for modulating regional brain excitability and possibly aiding seizure control; however, the duration of any beneficial effect is unknown. This study explores the efficacy and time course of a short series of pulsed FUS in suppressing EEG epileptiform spikes/bursts in a kainic acid (KA) animal model of...

Objective: Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) is the first-line treatment for EGFR-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, its applicability to patients with wild-type NSCLC remains an issue of contention. This study compared the effects of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) alone versus combining GKRS and TKIs in treating two genetic for...

Introduction Delayed hypopituitarism is the most common complication after stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for pituitary adenomas. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the distance from the hypothalamic-pituitary axis to the treatment target and anterior pituitary function preservation after SRS. Methods Between 2007 a...

Purpose In Cushing disease, early post-operative serum cortisol fluctuations have not been adequately characterized, and their association with initial remission and recurrence is unclear. Methods A retrospective cohort study of patients with Cushing disease was conducted at two institutions. A “riser” was defined a priori as a paradoxical increas...

INTRODUCTION Prior comparisons of brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) treated using stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) with or without embolization were inherently flawed, due to differences in the pre-treatment nidus volumes. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed International Radiosurgery Research Foundation AVM databases from 1987–2018. Patient...