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Publications (95)
During routine sampling of northern pike, a male Esox lucius with circular blue-metallic granular spots mainly located on the head and back was identified. Histological investigations presented multifocally thickened epidermis rich in basophilic large structures with a granulated rim and a dense, non-granulated center. Other organs showed no signs...
Thiamine deficiency is an ongoing issue across the Northern Hemisphere, causing reproductive failure in multiple salmonid populations. In the Baltic Sea, a large brackish water system in northern Europe, previous research has suggested that this deficiency is associated with lipid‐rich diets with a high proportion of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6...
Thiamin is an essential water‐soluble B vitamin known for its wide range of metabolic functions and antioxidant properties. Over the past decades, reproductive failures induced by thiamin deficiency have been observed in several salmonid species worldwide, but it is unclear why this micronutrient deficiency arises. Few studies have compared thiamin...
In November 2016, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) was isolated from a broodstock female of landlocked sea trout (Salmo trutta) in Lake Vänern in Sweden. VP2 gene sequencing placed the IPNV isolate in genogroup 6, for which pathogenicity is largely unknown. Lake Vänern hosts landlocked sea trout and salmon populations that are endangered...
During the early summer of 2021 several sticklebacks with massive Dermocystidium infestation were caught in lake Vättern, Sweden. In this brief report we present a histological investigation of the host-parasite relationship, and by 18S rRNA gene sequencing identify the parasite as Dermocystidium gasterostei Elkan, closely related to Dermocystidium...
Bacterial kidney disease (BKD), caused by Renibacterium salmoninarum (Rs), can be transmitted both horizontally and vertically and there is no available cure or prophylaxis. The control of BKD requires continuous surveillance, which is challenging in aquaculture as well as in programs for conservation and restoration of salmonid fish strains. BKD i...
Enteritis is the major cause of mortality in neonatal calves. Diagnostic work to detect the pathogens involved and identification of risk factors for such infections are imperative to improve calf health. Bovine norovirus (BNoV) and nebovirus prevalence was investigated using RT-PCR in 50 dairy herds in five geographic regions of Sweden. BNoV and n...
Bacterial kidney disease (BKD) can be a devastating bacterial infection in salmonids, and it is present in aquaculture throughout the world. BKD is caused by the Gram‐positive facultative intracellular bacterium Renibacterium salmoninarum (R. salmoninarum) that is spread both horizontally and vertically. Disease signs include external ulcerations a...
For half a decade, the Atlantic salmon in the Baltic Sea has been facing severe health issues. Clinical signs like haemorrhage, erosions and ulcerative/necrotic skin conditions in returning adults have been reported from different Swedish rivers. These primary disease signs precede a secondary, terminal fungal infection. As initial investigations o...
Havsmiljöinstitutets Rapport nr 2020:07
The Baltic Sea is highly influenced by its nine neighbouring countries. River discharges from highly populated and agricultural areas, pollution from marine traffic and other anthropogenic activities as well as multiple other biotic and abiotic factors challenge the marine organisms inhabiting the Baltic Sea.
Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), one of t...
Piscine orthoreovirus genotype 1 (PRV‐1) is widespread in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) populations in northern Europe, Canada and Chile. PRV‐1 occurs in wild fish in Norway and Canada; however, little information of its geographical distribution in wild populations is currently available, and the effect of PRV‐1 infection in wild populat...
Infectious disease is a major challenge in aquaculture and poses a constraint for the development of farming of new species. In 2017, Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) juveniles were imported from Italy to a Swedish farm. Transport conditions were suboptimal. Thirty percent died during transport and within the first days after arrival. Ten days...
Background: Infectious disease is a major challenge in aquaculture and poses a constraint for development of farming of new species. In 2017, Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) juveniles were imported from Italy to a Swedish farm. Due to stressful conditions, 30% died during transport and in the first days after arrival. Ten days after arrival, m...
Conclusions
Prevalence and molecular epidemiology of bovine norovirus in Swedish dairy calves
BNoV is common in young Swedish dairy calves.
Both genotypes were detected, but Newbury2- like strains dominated.
Some BNoV strains showed geographic and temporal clustering.
Pathology and diseases of fish and shellfish in marine environments of the ICES region
We report the first description of a new Rhabdoviridae tentatively named eelpout rhabdovirus (EpRV genus Perhabdovirus). This virus was associated with mass mortalities in eelpout (Zoarces viviparous, Linnaeus) along the Swedish Baltic Sea coast line in 2014. Diseased fish showed signs of central nervous system infection, and brain lesions were con...
A new rhabdovirus, tentatively named eelpout rhabdovirus (EpRV) was identified in two investigated outbreaks using Illumina MiSeq highthroughput sequencing technology. The virus can be propagated and isolated on BF-2 and FHM cell cultures, before further analysis. A manuscript describing the outbreak and investigations has been submitted for public...
In 2014 mass mortalities in eelpout (Zoarces viviparous) were reported along the Swedish southeast coast from January to October. Diseased fish were lethargic, lying upright, on the side or upside down, did not move until touched and did not flee far. Movements were uncoordinated, wobbly or circular. Some fish showed breathing difficulties. Necrops...
A study was carried out to investigate how common Cryptosporidium infections are in beef calves in Swedish suckler herds and to explore which species and subtypes that occur. We further aimed at identifying factors associated with shedding of Cryptosporidium oocysts in this type of calf management. The study was conducted in two regions in Sweden a...
SUMMARY In March 2013, a veterinary student tested positive for Cryptosporidium; four classmates reported similar gastrointestinal symptoms. We aimed to identify source(s) and risk factors for Cryptosporidium infection in university persons symptomatic between 21 January and 14 April 2013. Sixty-four (79%) students from a cohort of 81 fourth-year v...
Cryptosporidiosis was first identified as a disease of veterinary, rather than human medical, importance, and infection of farmed animals with different species of Cryptosporidium continues to be of veterinary clinical concern. This chapter provides insights into Cryptosporidium infection in a range of farmed animals – cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, c...
Cryptosporidium meleagridis is a common cause of cryptosporidiosis in avian hosts and the third most common species involved in human cryptosporidiosis.
Sequencing of the highly polymorphic 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene is a frequently used tool for investigation of the genetic
diversity and transmission dynamics of Cryptosporidium. However, few...
In this study, 111 Cryptosporidium parvum IId isolates from several species of animals in China, Sweden, and Egypt were subtyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). One to eleven subtypes were detected at each of the 12 microsatellite, minisatellite, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci, forming 25 MLST subtypes. Host-adaptation and sign...
In this study, 111 Cryptosporidium parvum IId isolates from several species of animals in China, Sweden, and Egypt were subtyped by multilocus sequence typing (MLST). One to eleven subtypes were detected at each of the 12 microsatellite, minisatellite, and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci, forming 25 MLST subtypes. Host-adaptation and sign...
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SUMMARY Most human cases of cryptosporidiosis are caused by Cryptosporidium parvum or Cryptosporidium hominis, but the use of molecular diagnostic methods has revealed that several other less common species or genotypes can also be involved. Here, we describe two unusual causes of cryptosporidiosis, one being the recently described species Cryptosp...
Cryptosporidium parvum is a common pathogen in preweaned calves but in Sweden Cryptosporidiumbovis, whichis consideredapathogenic, is the most common species in this age group and it has been identified in diarrhoeal samples, indicating that it could be a cause of diarrhoea. In routine diagnostic procedures, infection is determined by microscopy, w...
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We believe that we present the first evidence of zoonotic transmission of the bird parasite, Cryptosporidium meleagridis. Despite being the third most common cause of human cryptosporidiosis, an identified zoonotic source has not been reported to date. We found Cryptosporidium oocysts in pigs, sheep/goats, hens and broiler chickens on a farm with s...
SUMMARY This study describes the epidemiology and symptoms in 271 cryptosporidiosis patients in Stockholm County, Sweden. Species/genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment-length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) and 18S rRNA genes. Species were C. parvum (n=111), C. hominis...
SUMMARYA cohort study was performed to investigate cryptosporidial prevalence and species distribution in 13 organic and 13 conventional dairy herds. Faecal samples were collected from 221 calves and 259 cows. Management routines were recorded at farm inspection and through a questionnaire. Samples were concentrated using sodium chloride flotation...
A case-control study was designed to investigate the role of different Cryptosporidium spp. in Swedish dairy herds with and without calf diarrhoeal problems. Faecal samples were collected from preweaned calves, young stock and cows. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected by sodium chloride flotation and epifluorescence microscopy. Molecular diagnost...
Cryptosporidium positive samples from 176 preweaned calves, young stock and cows of 48 herds were subjected to molecular characterisation of the 18S rRNA gene to determine which species are present in Swedish dairy cattle. In addition, samples characterised as Cryptosporidium parvum were further analysed at the GP60 gene to investigate distribution...
For almost 25 years, it has been known that Cryptosporidium parasites infect Swedish calves. This thesis explores how common these parasites are at herd level and at individual level in preweaned calves, young stock and periparturient cows. Species distribution and association with diarrhoeal problems are also highlighted. Two field studies were pe...
Halofuginone seems to reduce diarrhoea and oocyst shedding in calves with cryptosporidiosis, but provides no complete cure. To develop more precise estimates of the effects of halofuginone on calf cryptosporidiosis, meta-analyses were performed, including studies on prophylactic and therapeutic treatment. Meta-analysis increases statistical power b...
Cryptosporidium parvum is a protozoan parasite causing diarrhoea in young calves. This cross-sectional study was performed to estimate the prevalence of Cryptosporidium infected herds in a sample of Swedish dairy herds and to identify potential risk factors associated with shedding of oocysts. Fifty dairy herds, selected by stratified random sampli...
To investigate in vitro effects of isoeugenol on neuromuscular transmission in tissues obtained from rats.
Tissues (phrenic nerve and diaphragm) obtained from 15 male Sprague-Dawley rats.
Rats were euthanatized, and tissues (phrenic nerves and diaphragm) were obtained. Phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations were examined in vitro. The phrenic nerve w...
Vaccination of fish can be assumed to cause pain. This study was designed to see if we can minimize the suffering of fish following vaccination.
Fishes are cold-blooded animals and thus more primitive than warm-blooded animals. Despite this, many organs, e.g. the nervous system, have the same basic structure as that of other vertebrates. The fibre...
