Charles Mulvey

LabourNet Australia

This study uses a sample of young Australian twins to examine whether the findings reported in [Ashenfelter, Orley and Krueger, Alan, (1994). ‘Estimates of the Economic Return to Schooling from a New Sample of Twins’, American Economic Review, Vol. 84, No. 5, pp.1157–73] and [Miller, P.W., Mulvey, C and Martin, N., (1994). ‘What Do Twins Studies Te...

Based on analysis of a sample of twins, this study suggests that birth weight is not related to levels of schooling, that it plays only a minor role in the determination of earnings, and that ability differences that are not removed in the within-twins model of earnings are not biasing the results in twins studies such as Ashenfelter and Krueger [A...

In this paper we test the hypothesis advanced by Weiss (J. Economic Perspectives 9(4)(1995)133) that under sorting models the return to schooling across identical twins would decline over time compared to the return for the population as a whole. The analyses undertaken on a relatively large sample of Australian twins are consistent with this propo...

The genetic and environmental contributions to educational attainment in Australia are examined using a multiple regression model drawn from the medical research literature. Data from a large sample of Australian twins are analysed. The findings indicate that at least as much as 50 percent and perhaps as much as 65 percent of the variance in educat...

The time women allocate to childcare varies appreciably according to personal and labour market characteristics. Of particular note is the finding that better educated women spend more time in most forms of childcare activities than their less well-educated counterparts. This link between educational attainment and time devoted to child care is adv...

This paper is part of a research project financed by the SSRC and being carried out in the Department of Social and Economic Research at the University of Glasgow. Helpful comments were provided by Orley Ashenfelter and Albert Rees. UNIONS, SPILLOVERS AND RELATIVE WAGES 1--/ By Charles Mulvey* A good deal of interest has been stimulated by recent e...

The theory of compensating wage differentials suggests that, for workers with similar human capital and other characteristics, earnings should be relatively high in industries where there is an above average risk of death. Using data from Worksafe Australia, this paper confirms the existence of such differentials in Australia. A worker facing the m...

This article presents a review on the link between aging, cognitive capacities, productivity and employability of older workers. Especially, our aim consists in analysing the extent to which technological and organisational changes over the ten years ? mainly due to the introduction of computers within enterprises ? have affected the demand of labo...

Data from the Australian Twins Survey are analyzed in order to compare the relative importance of the role of family background as a mediating influence on the relationship between schooling and income for males and females. The analysis reveals that family background is a considerably greater influence on males than on females. This finding is con...

This paper reviews four economic studies of aspects of earnings and schooling conducted by the authors using data from the Australian Twin Register. First, estimates of the economic returns to schooling made using fixed effects and selection effects regression models incorporating an instrumental variables approach to correct for measurement error...

It is well established in the literature that Australian unions raise their members' wages relative to those of otherwise comparable nonmembers by some amount in the range 7-15 percent. However, it is also known that firm size is positively associated with union density and that firm size is positively associated with relative wages independent of...

The purpose of this note is to compare the performance of the model of DeFries and Fulker [hereafter ‘the DFF model’] with the conventional fixed effects model in the analysis of data on twins in the study of economic well-being. Unlike the fixed-effects model that has traditionally been estimated in the economics literature, the DFF model provides...

Conventional estimates of rates of return to education are constrained because they are unable to isolate the returns to school- ing from the contribution of individual abil- ity and the influence of family background. Potentially, studies using a sample of twins may overcome these problems. Monozygotic twins are genetically identical and, if they...

This paper explores the relationship between unionism and quits. Three channels of influence are investigated: unions-collective voice-quits; unions-training-quits; unions-job dissatisfaction-quits. Estimates of each model, using data from the Australian Longitudinal Survey, indicate that unions reduce the probability of quitting via the training e...

In a recent paper in this Review, Rimmer and Watts (1994) are critical of our attempt to relate trade union activity to the only data on workplace productivity generated by the Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Survey [AWIRS], Crockett, Dawkins and Mulvey (1993). Their criticism is based on the fact that the data on productivity were gather...

A number of well-publicised submissions advocating a ‘Job Creation Levy’ were made to the Committee. In its report, however, the Committee is lukewarm in relation to this option. The case for a levy in the form of an income tax surcharge can be made in terms of conventional welfare economics criteria and considerations of equity. The main case agai...

Only 27 per cent of females compared with 51 per cent of males undertaking programs of education in Australia do so with financial or other support from their employer. Using data from the How Workers Get Their Training, Australia 1989 survey, an analysis of this differential is undertaken by investigating the effects of dependent children and by c...

The exit/voice model of the labor market predicts that unionized workers will enjoy a greater level of fringe benefits, both absolutely and as a share of total compensation, than non- unionists. This is because unions can, through the medium of collective voice, communicate to management a picture of the preferences of the median worker. In non-uni...

This paper examines a number of aspects of the economic impact of unions with particular emphasis on the exit/voice model proposed by Freeman and Medoff. It examines the reported effects of unions in quit rates and job tenure; productivity; wage dispersion and merit pay; employment; fringe benefits; technological change and profits.

The suggestion has been made by Mulvey (1986) that trade unions may be able to influence the allocation of work paid at premium rates in favour of their members and that this may partially explain the existence of a union/non-union differential in average hourly earnings in Australia. This paper investigates both the general proposition and its par...

Two predictions of the exit/voice model of union activity that have been confirmed by empirical research in the United States are that union workers will have longer tenures and lower quit rates than nonunion workers. This study replicates the methods used in one important U.S. investigation of these "voice" effects to explore whether the same effe...

Different levels of measured skills, geographic location and demographicfactors (such as marital status and country of birth) explain almost none of the hourly wage differences of Australian women and men in full-time employment. The major contribution to wage differences is apparently in the different returns paid by employers to men and women for...

Workplace industrial relations are growing in importance. The extent of plant bargaining and the scope of the industrial relations agenda at that level have developed markedly over the recent past. Such a development risks the growth of an unregulated informal system of industrial relations. While the Hancock Report recognizes the need for more for...

When indexation of wages was abandoned by the Arbitration Commission in July of 1981 the country was without a wages policy for the first time since 1970-74. As in that period, a system of direct collective bargaining has emerged to fill the vacuum. However, a debate has begun on what kind of arrangements should govern wage determination in Austral...

this paper was circulated as Princeton liversity, Industrial Rela- tions Section Working Paper No. 108 and was written ile the first author was visiting Princeton at the Industrial Relations Sec6ion. The current version was written while the second author was visiting the Centre for Labour Economics (C.L.E.) at the London School of Economics. Helpf...

The purpose of this paper is to show that three factors, the location, the direction and magnitude of variations in the unemployment rate, will affect the actual rate of inflation. A specific prediction of the expectations-augmented trade-off relation between unemployment and inflation may then be derived by considering how the rate of inflation ou...

This paper is derived from a cost benefit study of the involvement of the State in the shipping industry which was carried out in the context of the Appraisal of the Public Capital Programme. A brief theoretical comment on foreign exchange rates is the only new material I have added. The paper is concerned with the mainly strategic company in the s...

Western Australia was the first jurisdiction in Australia to legislate for compulsory arbitration. The original legislation, which was modelled on the New Zealand Industrial Conciliation and Arbitration Act of 1894, was enacted in 1900, replaced by another Act in 1912, another in 1979, and amended on a number of occasions subsequently.

Traducción de : The economics of inflation