Charles C KolbIndependent Researcher
Charles C Kolb
Doctor of Philosophy
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Publications (138)
For nearly four millennia, Afghanistan has been at the crossroads of Eurasian commerce and remains ethnically and linguistically diverse, a mosaic of cultures and languages, especially in the north, where the Turkestan Plain is a conduit for the so-called Silk Route, a series of "roads" that connected far-flung towns and urban centers and facilitat...
A Monte-Carlo model of exospheres (Wurz and Lammer, 2003) was extended by treating the ion-induced sputtering process, photon-stimulated desorption, and micro-meteorite impact vaporisation quantitatively in a self-consistent way starting with the actual release of particles from the mineral surface of Mercury. Based on available literature data we...
We have extended our Monte-Carlo model of exospheres [Wurz and Lammer, Icarus 164, 2003, 1-13] by treating the ion-induced sputtering process, photon-stimulated desorption, and micro-meteorite impact vaporisation in a self-consistent way. Based on available literature data we established a global model for the surface mineralogy of Mercury and from...
Martin Shipway is lecturer in French studies at Birkbeck College, University of London; the author of The Road to War: France and Vietnam, 1944–1947 (1996); and has published journal articles and book chapters on French colonial policy making and decolonization in Indochina, sub-Saharan Africa, Algeria, and Madagascar. In addition he has written on...
The isolation of viable extremely halophilic archaea from 250-million-year-old rock salt suggests the possibility of their long-term survival under desiccation. Since halite has been found on Mars and in meteorites, haloarchaeal survival of martian surface conditions is being explored. Halococcus dombrowskii H4 DSM 14522(T) was exposed to UV doses...
The editors’ esteem for Barry Isaac (long-time editor of the annual Research in Economic Anthropology) led them to honor Isaac’s editorial skills and signal contributions to economic anthropology. They selected scholars representing the geographic breadth of ancient Mesoamerica and convened a symposium at the Society for American Archaeology’s annu...
We have extended our Monte Carlo model of exospheres [Wurz, P., Lammer, H., 2003. Icarus 164 (1), 1–13] by treating the ion-induced sputtering process from a known surface in a self-consistent way. The comparison of the calculated exospheric densities with experimental data, which are mostly upper limits, shows that all of our calculated densities...
Atmospheric escape from the upper atmosphere of Venus is mainly influenced by the loss of hydrogen and oxygen caused by the interaction of solar radiation and particle flux with the unprotected planetary environment. Because one main aim of the ASPERA-4 particle/plasma and VEX-MAG magnetic field experiments on board of ESA's forthcoming Venus Expre...
Previous interpretations of the Pioneer Venus mass spectrometer data of the deuterium to hydrogen (D/H) ratio of 1.9×10-2 or 120±40 times the terrestrial value indicate that Venus may have had at least an H2O content of the order of about 0.3% of a terrestrial ocean (TO), and even much more during and shortly after the accretion period of , dependi...
Compositional data analysis was performed on chemical compositions of martian surface materials in order to unravel scenarios of past and present weathering and to evaluate the role of meteoritic accumulation. The observed chemical variability is analyzed by means of principal component analysis. Potential reservoirs that may have contributed prima...
The Americas 62.4 (2006) 653-654
López Luján (Senior Researcher and Professor of Archaeology, Museo del Templo Mayor, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, México), has prepared a revised edition of his 1994 award-winning book which synthesizes the results of the historic Templo Mayor Project (1978-1997). This project arose from the accide...
The Offerings of the Templo Mayor of Tenochtitlan. By Luján Leonardo López . Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 2005. Pp. xxix, 421. Illustrations. Tables. Maps. Appendices. Notes. Bibliography. Index. $29.95 paper. - Volume 62 Issue 4 - Charles C. Kolb
The evolution of the Venusian atmosphere is influenced by thermal escape processes of H and H2 as well as non-thermal loss processes of H+, H2+, O, O+, CO2 and O2+ caused by the interaction of the solar wind with the planetary atmosphere and possible chemical weathering with the surface. We use a gas dynamic test particle model which involves the m...
In view of the planned exospheric and remote geochemical surface studies
of various sensors of the SERENA instrument on board of ESA s
BepiColombo planetary orbiter MPO a better understanding of the particle
release processes from Mercury s surface is desirable We present a brief
survey of potential surface analogues on laboratory studied Lunar
sur...
A better understanding of the particle release processes from Mercury s
surface is considered as a prerequisite for the planned exospheric and
remote geochemical surface studies of the SERENA instrument package on
board of ESA s BepiColombo planetary orbiter MPO The lunar environment
represents a close test-bed in many respects and hence is include...
Ph.D., Senior Program Officer/Humanities Administrator, National Endowment for the Humanities, Independent Scholar, Washington, DC, USA. ckolb@neh.gov
1. British Petroleum Statistical Review of World Energy. See: http://www.bp.com. Last time consulted: 5 August, 2005.
2. See: S. Frederick Starr and Svante E. Cornell (Eds.). The Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan...
The evolution of the Martian surface pressure is important in respect to long-time stability of liquid water during the planets history. Further, due to a denser humid CO2 atmosphere, photochemical processes may produce a protecting O3 layer for organic matter and UV based reactions on Martian minerals. The time variation of the surface pressure is...
The Martian atmosphere consists of CO_2, minor amounts of N_2 and Ar -- and only traces of CO, O_2 and H_2O. However, O_2 and H_2O seem to play an important role in adsorption equilibria. It has been shown elsewhere that free oxygen, small amounts of H_2O, the presence of mineral surfaces and UV-radiation are the inferred prerequisites for the form...
The UV-radiation at the Martian surface is for several reasons of importance. UV radiation can cause specific damages in the DNA-containing living systems and is involved in the formation of catalytically produced oxidants such as superoxide ions and peroxides. These are capable to oxidize and subsequently destroy organic matter. Lab simulations ar...
Mercury's close orbit around the Sun, its weak intrinsic magnetic field and the absence of an atmosphere (Psurface<1×10−8 Pa) results in a strong direct exposure of the surface to energetic ions, electrons and UV radiation. Thermal processes and particle-surface-collisions dominate the surface interaction processes leading to surface chemistry and...
The evolution of the martian atmosphere with regard to its H2O inventory is influenced by thermal loss processes of H, H2, nonthermal atmospheric loss processes of H+, H2+, O, O+, CO2, and O2+ into space, as well as by chemical weathering of the surface soil. The evolution of thermal and nonthermal escape processes depend on the history of the inte...
The discovery of high concentrations of water-ice just below the Martian surface polar areas made by Mars Odyssey has strengthened the debate about the search for life on Mars. Generally it is believed that life on Earth emerged in liquid water from the processing of organic molecules. Thus, the possible origin of life on early Mars should have bee...
Astrophysical observations suggest that the young main-sequence Sun rotated about 10 times faster than today and had correspondingly stronger magnetic activity, which triggered higher radiation and particle emission. Quantitative estimates of the solar high-energy flux evolution are only indirectly possible by comparison with solar proxies. Multiwa...
We present a new proposal for a European exobiology-focussed robotic
Mars mission. This mission is presented as a low-cost successor to the
Mars Express/Beagle2 mission. The Mars surface segment is designed
within the payload constraints of the current Mars Express bus
spacecraft with a mass of 126 kg including the Entry, Descent and
Landing System...
The discovery of high concentrations of water-ice just below the
Martian polar surface areas by NASA's Mars Odyssey spacecraft has
strengthened the debate about the search for life on Mars. Generally it
is believed that life on Earth emerged in liquid water from the
processing of organic molecules. Since the possible origin of life on
early Mars...
The issue of the variation of the surface ultraviolet (UV) environment on Mars was investigated with particular emphasis being placed on the interpretation of data in a biological context. A UV model has been developed to yield the surface UV irradiance at any time and place over the Martian year. Seasonal and diurnal variations were calculated and...
Based on the evolution of the atmosphere-surface-interaction of Mars, one might expect a large oxygen surface sink over geologic time-scales. Due to intense oxidation of inorganic matter this led to the formation of considerable amounts of sulfates and ferric oxides on Mars. To model this effect several factors have to be under consideration: Inorg...
Our study suggests that the missing oxygen, needed for validating at present the total 2:1 ratio between H and O which is not lost to space is incorporated into the Martian surface as an oxygen sink by chemical weathering processes, which oxidize the Martian soil.
It was found in previous experimental studies under Martian conditions that the chemical reactivity of the Martian surface is related to the absorbate-chemistry on the mineral-surfaces within the Martian soil. Spectroscopic methods provide powerful tools for the determination of the sorbate and sorbent chemistry in both, ground-based experiments an...
The solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation environment on planetary surfaces
is of importance in a range of scientific disciplines. Solar UV
radiation is a driving force of organic and chemical evolution, serving
also as a constraint in biological evolution. To gain an idea of how the
martian UV radiation varies between different areas, including suggest...
Recent interest in the astrobiological investigation of Mars has
culminated in the only planned astrobiology-focussed robotic mission to
Mars - the Beagle2 mission to be carried to Mars by the Mars Express
spacecraft in 2003. Beagle2 will be primarily investigating the surface
and near-surface environment of Mars. However, the results from the
Viki...
In this paper, in this edition of the Journal commemorating the life and work of David Wynn-Williams, we consider approaches to the astrobiological investigation of Mars. We provide a brief account of the scientific rationale behind the approach presented here. In particular, we outline the capabilities of the Raman spectrometer for the detection o...
Thermal Joss processes of hydrogen and non-thermal atmospheric loss processes of hydrogen and oxygen and chemical weathering of oxygen with the surface soil influence the evolution of the Martian atmosphere with regard to its water inventory. These oxygen atoms that react with the surface soil are responsible for the toxicology of the Martian surfa...
The Odyssey spacecraft was placed into an elliptical orbit on the
evening of October 23, 2001. By mid January a near-circular 2-hour, 400
km orbit was achieved through aerobraking and propulsive maneuvers. All
the science instruments were checked out and calibrated during cruise to
Mars. Cruise science data were obtained by the Ther- mal Emission
I...
We have developed and implemented a spectral-element method (SEM) to simulate seismic wave propagation throughout the entire globe. Our SEM incorporates the effects of fluid-solid boundaries, attenuation, anisotropy, the oceans, rotation, self- gravitation and 3-D mantle and crustal heterogeneity. The method is implemented on a massively parallel P...
Sea waves are one of the main factors of dynamic impact on fast ice in the Arctic seas. In order to determine wind wave impact on fast ice, a problem of wave movements approaching shallow water with boundary conditions at the upper surface, modeling elastic ice cover is solved. Spatial non- uniformaties of the water depth and ice cover thickness ar...
In this paper the specific features of hydrological regime shaping and similar aspects of tidal river mouths in the Fraser river and the North Dvina river are considered. Despite of the fact that general geographical positions of these two deltas slightly differ, many features are similar beyond a doubt. The amount of annual runoff in both rivers a...
Two newly developed laboratory simulation chambers will be introduced: (a) Plan- etary surface/atmosphere/irradiation experiments - concerning processes relevant for Mars, Mercury and the Moon - will be performed by means of a chamber, made of high-grade steel. Numerous connections make it possible to carry out in-situ measure- ments under certain...
The Cotsen Institute's Director of Publications is archaeologist
Marilyn Beaudry-Corbett, herself a specialist on the production and distribution of
archaeological ceramics in Mesoamerica and Central America and a scholar of complex
society economic organization. Her colleague and the co-editor of this volume, Ellen
Hardy, is a Research Associate a...
Sillar, B., and Tite, M. S., 2000, The challenge of ‘technological choices for materials science approaches in archaeology, Archaeometry42, 2–20. Livingstone Smith, A., 2000, Processing clay for pottery in northern Cameroon: social and technical requirements, Archaeometry42, 21–42. Sillar, B., 2000, Dung by preference: the choice of fuel as an exam...
Pottery and People: A Dynamic Interaction. James M. Skibo and Gary
M. Feinman (editors). Foundations of Archaeological Inquiry. Salt Lake City. University
of Utah Press. 1999. 260 pp. 91 figures. 30 tables. ISBN 0-87480-576-7. $55.00 (cloth);
0-87489-577-5. $25.00 (paperback). Material Meanings: Critical Approaches to the
Interpretation of Materia...
Human sacrifice and cannibalism, the potential for
institutionalized violence or warfare, witchcraft or sorcery, and ritual executions are
emotionally charged issues; but some anthropologists and other learned scholars now
suggest that these activities and behaviors occurred in the American Southwest, a region
usually depicted for peace, harmony, t...
What might Friedrich Nietzsche, Ludwig Wittgenstein, Jacques
Derrida, Anthony Giddens, Claude Levi Strauss, Louis Binford, Michael Shanks, and
Daniel Miller have in common? What are the relationships between McGuire's A Marxist
Archaeology (1992) and Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance (Persig 1974). If you
like the conjunction of paradigms...
This volume, one of the initial publications in the Harcourt Brace
"Case Studies in Archaeology" series edited by Jeffrey Quilter, is designed, the editor
writes, for broad appeal as an inexpensive textbook for students enrolled in beginning
and intermediate courses in anthropology, archaeology, history, and related disciplines.
The books in this s...
From ca. A.D. 150–750 Classic period civilization in Central Mexico was dominated by the city-state of Teotihuacan, a metropolis of at least 125,000 inhabitants located in a northeastern valley of the Basin of Mexico. This polity exercised economic and religious control over a wide area, regulated obsidian tool resources and production, and locally...
Questions
Question (1)
I have recently joined ResearchGate. A large number of citations located by your search engines have been posted referring to the publications of Charles Kolb. There are at least three Charles Kolb's, I am Charles C. Kolb, an archaeologist and Humanities Scholar. Other Kolb's include a geologist and another is in aerospace research. Hence, many of the citations to the publiccations are not to my work. How can I delete the citations that are not mine? Academia.edu has a process to fix this; over 600 cites are mine and abouth ca. 1200 are not.
