Charles-Édouard Giguère

Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal · Banque Signature

Purpose: To determine whether two sessions of a glaucoma educational intervention resulted in better persistence to glaucoma eye drop therapy compared to normal care. Methods: A total of 165 patients newly diagnosed with glaucoma who required eye drop therapy were recruited into a randomized clinical trial from the glaucoma clinic at Maisonneuve...

Objectifs En 2008, le plan stratégique du National Institute of Mental Health , a donné naissance au projet Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), un cadre de travail visant à établir des domaines fonctionnels majeurs de la psyché humaine allant du normal au pathologique afin, notamment, de développer une nouvelle méthode de classification des troubles d...

Purpose To validate a French version of the Visual Function and Corneal Health Status (V-FUCHS) instrument in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and to correlate questionnaire scores with objective measurements of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular straylight. Methods The original V-FUCHS 15-item instrument was designed to...

Background and objectives: Friends are major sources of social support for adolescents. This support may sometimes lead to co-rumination when the problem is discussed exhaustively with a focus on negative feelings. Co-rumination has been associated with some forms of anxiety, including clinical symptoms. Further studies are needed to investigate w...

Our laboratory previously developed a method for assessing experimentally induced pain perception through a 2-min constant heat pain stimulation. However, the traditional analysis relying on group means struggles to interpret the considerable inter-individual variability due to the dynamic nature of the response. Recently, trajectory analysis techn...

The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to evaluate the risk of inmates with mental disorder of being placed into disciplinary confinement (DC) and its effect on mental health. A systematic search of studies was performed in PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The meta-analysis was conducted using random-effects...

Background Our societies are facing mental health challenges, which have been compounded by the Covid-19. This event led people to isolate themselves and to stop seeking the help they needed. In response to this situation, the Health and Recovery Learning Center, applying the Recovery College (RC) model, modified its training program to a shorter o...

- Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) is increasingly used in large cohorts and longitudinal studies; - Evidence of robustness over time is lacking to plan sample collection and analysis; - Hair can be stored for at least five years without compromising HCC.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate RetinaVR, an affordable, portable, and fully immersive virtual reality (VR) simulator for vitreoretinal surgery training. Methods: We built RetinaVR as a standalone app on the Meta Quest 2 VR headset. It simulates core vitrectomy, peripheral shaving, membrane peeling, and endolaser app...

Background Common mental disorders (CMDs) are highly prevalent in workplace settings, and have become a significant public health challenge. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of PRATICAdr, a web application facilitated by a Return-to-Work Coordinator (RTW-C), with a focus on reducing sick leave duration and preventing relapse in individua...

Background/aims This study assesses the proficiency of Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT)-4 in answering questions about complex clinical ophthalmology cases. Methods We tested GPT-4 on 422 Journal of the American Medical Association Ophthalmology Clinical Challenges, and prompted the model to determine the diagnosis (open-ended question) an...

The Signature Biobank is a longitudinal repository of biospecimen, psychological, sociodemographic, and diagnostic data that was created in 2012. The Signature Consortium represents a group of approximately one hundred Quebec-based transdisciplinary clinicians and research scientists with various expertise in the field of psychiatry. The objective...

Beyond sex as a binary or biological variable, within-sex variations related to sociocultural gender variables are of increasing interest in psychiatric research to better understand individual differences. Using a data-driven approach, we developed a composite gender score based on sociodemographic and psychosocial variables showing sex difference...

We developed and validated RetinaVR, an affordable and immersive virtual reality simulator for vitreoretinal surgery training, using the Meta Quest 2 VR headset. We focused on four core fundamental skills: core vitrectomy, peripheral shaving, membrane peeling, and endolaser application. The validation study involved 10 novice ophthalmology resident...

A growing body of research suggests a potential role of cannabis use on aggressive behaviors. In literature on adolescents, the lack of consideration of important confounders, such as adolescent's affiliation with delinquent peers, limits the possibility to determine whether there might be a direct or indirect link between cannabis use and aggressi...

Background Evidence on the performance of Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4 (GPT-4), a large language model (LLM), in the ophthalmology question-answering domain is needed. Methods We tested GPT-4 on two 260-question multiple choice question sets from the Basic and Clinical Science Course (BCSC) Self-Assessment Program and the OphthoQuestions q...

Background: Fibromyalgia (FM) and major depression disorder (MDD) frequently co-occur. Both disorders may share common serotonergic alterations, although there is less evidence of such alterations in FM. It is also unclear as to whether these alterations are persistent over time or transient. The objectives of this study were to (i) examine the ch...

This presentation presents the opportunities of matching the data from the Signature Biobank with administrative data like the Régie d'assurance médicament du Québec (RAMQ) data.

The present study explored the simultaneous role of various individual, parental, and school factors in students’ test anxiety. Participants included 339 parent-child dyads (N = 678) from 13 elementary and high schools of the Quebec province, Canada. Both dyad members provided data through self-report validated scales at two timepoints (T1 = final...

Background and objectives: Stress is not inherently negative. As youth will inevitably experience stress when facing the various challenges of adolescence, they can benefit from developing a stress-can-be-enhancing mindset rather than learning to fear their stress responses and avoid taking on challenges. We aimed to verify whether a rapid interve...

The authors of this study retrospectively compared the single-surgery anatomical success rate of pars plana vitrectomy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair with localized versus 360° endolaser. After careful review, we raise three important concerns regarding the methodology employed in this paper.

Trajectoires et séquences des jours d’absence dans un milieu de l’éducation au Québec

Introduction Recent longitudinal studies point towards the existence of a positive relationship between cannabis use and violence in people with severe mental disorders. However, the existence of a dose-response relationship between the frequency and/or the severity of cannabis use and violence has seldom been investigated. Objectives This study a...

Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is a complex issue, even more so when it is comorbid with a severe mental disorder (SMD). Available interventions are at best slightly effective, and their effects are not maintained over time. Therefore, the integration of virtual reality (VR) may increase efficacy; however, it has not yet been investigated in the treat...

Patients with mood disorders are at high risk of suicidality, and emergency departments (ED) are essential in the management of this risk. This study aims to (1) describe the suicidal thoughts and behaviours of patients with mood disorders who come to ED; (2) assess the psychometric properties of the Suicidal Behaviours Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R...

Objectif Le taux de mortalité par suicide parmi les personnes souffrant d’un trouble de la personnalité du groupe B (TPB) se situe autour de 20 %. La haute prévalence de comorbidités anxiodépressives ainsi que l’abus de substances majorent ce risque. Selon des études récentes, l’insomnie persistante serait aussi un facteur de risque suicidaire dans...

StepMix is an open-source software package for the pseudo-likelihood estimation (one-, two- and three-step approaches) of generalized finite mixture models (latent profile and latent class analysis) with external variables (covariates and distal outcomes). In many applications in social sciences, the main objective is not only to cluster individual...

Introduction: Recent longitudinal studies point toward the existence of a positive relationship between cannabis use and violence in people with severe mental disorders (SMD). However, the existence of a dose-response relationship between the frequency/severity of cannabis use and violence has seldom been investigated. Therefore, this study aims to...

Background Child protection workers (CPWs) are exposed to physical and psychological violence initiated by clients. The consequences associated with exposure to this type of trauma and others are compounded by the anxiety generated by the feelings of being accountable and the constant scrutiny and monitoring CPWs are under. Previous research sugges...

Background Studies report a growing tendency for students to experience state anxiety in schools. However, the combination of individual susceptibilities likely to trigger students’ anxious states remains unclear. Aims This study examined whether distinct profiles of students emerge regarding their susceptibility to anxiety sensitivity and/or test...

Many teens report experiencing anxiety in school, which can negatively impact their well-being. Considering that adolescents tend to adopt the same behaviors as their classmates with whom they spend, on average, 923 h every year, the current exploratory study (1) assessed whether an association exists between a student’s state anxiety score and his...

Background The offset of a painful and unpleasant sensation can elicit pleasure. This phenomenon, namely pleasant pain relief (PPR), is attracting growing interest in research. While the cold pressor test (CPT) has been frequently used to study the inhibition of pain by the administration of another painful stimulation (inhibitory conditioned pain...

Objective The suicide mortality rate among people suffering from cluster B personality disorders is estimated at approximately 20%. High occurrence of comorbid depression and anxiety, as well as substance abuse, are known contributors to this risk. Not only have recent studies indicated that insomnia may be a suicide risk factor, but it is also tho...

Background Cognitive biases are recognized as important treatment targets for reducing symptoms associated with severe mental disorders. Although cognitive biases have been linked to symptoms in most studies, few studies have looked at such biases transdiagnostically. The Cognitive Bias Questionnaire for psychosis (CBQp) is a self-reported question...

Objective Across the globe more than 35,000 children a year are adopted by non-relatives, and some studies suggest that adopted individuals may be more vulnerable to developing mental disorders. To map the differences in suicide risk factors in adopted and non-adopted individuals, this study will compare the development of mental disorders as well...

Surveys report that about three-quarters of visits to general practitioners in America are for stress-related complaints. Animal and human studies have consistently demonstrated that exposure to acute and/or chronic stress leads to the activation of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and/or hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and to the prod...

This report (in French) explains the technical method used to create a composite gender score by using already available data. A deeper introduction to this work and the subject is available here: https://ssaquebec.ca/expertises/equite-diversite-inclusion-et-analyse-comparative-sexe-et-genre/

While research focus remains mainly on psychotic symptoms, it is questionable whether we are placing enough emphasis on improving the quality of life (QoL) of schizophrenia patients. To date, the predictive power of QoL remained limited. Therefore, this study aimed to accurately predict the QoL within schizophrenia using supervised learning methods...

Background and Objective: State anxiety, trait anxiety, anxiety sensitivity and test anxiety are four related but distinct normative anxiety forms that may co-occur amongst youth. The main objective of this study was to assess whether these anxiety forms vary as a function of age and/or presence of stressful school periods. Design and Methods: In t...

Objective: Depression and anxiety symptoms are commonly observed among clinical populations, especially among women and maltreated individuals. Few investigations have, however, assessed the existence of distinct symptoms trajectories among clinical populations and how these relate to childhood maltreatment, sex differences, and stress physiology...

Previous work provided conversion equations for overall indices of positive and negative symptomatology between the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Scales for the Assessment of Positive/Negative Symptoms (SAPS/SANS). Our objective was to provide such conversion equations for subdomains of positive and negative symptomatology in...

Background Test anxiety (arising during evaluation situations) can play a role in the well-being of youth. Although various factors have been studied to identify the origin of test anxiety, very few studies have assessed the role that peers play for test anxiety. Yet, it is well known that peers influence youth, particularly in the classroom where...

Validation of a modified version of an NCCA (NCCAm) and comparison with the Cochet Bonnet Aesthesiometer (CBA) in subjects with normal corneas. The NCCA device described by Murphy et al (1996, 1998) to measure corneal sensitivity was modified as follows: The air reservoir was placed outside the enclosure and the fan inside, and a 3-way solenoid val...

Objectives: Patients admitted to psychiatric emergency services (PES) are highly heterogenous. New tools based on a transdiagnosis approach could help attending psychiatrists in their evaluation process and treatment planning. The goals of this study were to: (1) identify profiles of symptoms based on self-reported, dimensional outcomes in psychia...

Background Robust evidence shows that schizophrenia is associated with significant cognitive impairments, including deficits in visuospatial abilities. While other cognitive domains have sparked several functional neuroimaging studies in schizophrenia, only a few brain activation studies have examined the neural correlates of visuospatial abilities...

Introduction Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder. While research focus remains mainly on negative outcomes, it is questionable whether we are placing enough emphasis on improving their sense of well-being and functioning. This could be accessed through the study of the quality of life (QoL). To date, QoL prediction models mainly f...

Objectives: Gendered inequalities in workplace stress are linked to sex-specific health trajectories that are poorly understood. Measuring gendered inequalities is challenging but necessary to better explain individual differences in occupational health. The aim of this exploratory, retrospective study was to create a measure of occupational gender...

Objectives: Gendered inequalities in workplace stress are linked to sex-specific health trajectories that are poorly understood. Measuring gendered inequalities is challenging but necessary to better explain individual differences in occupational health. The aim of this exploratory, retrospective study was to create a measure of occupational gender...

Objective Assessing global functioning in psychiatric emergency settings is important for clinicians to estimate severity of mental disorders, devise a treatment plan, and assess the evolution of their patients’ progression over time. The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule-2.0 (WHODAS-2) measures psychological, social, and pro...

Our objective was to assess the generalizability, across sites and cognitive contexts, of schizophrenia classification based on functional brain connectivity. We tested different training-test scenarios combining fMRI data from 191 schizophrenia patients and 191 matched healthy controls obtained at 6 scanning sites and under different task conditio...

Although recent studies have shown a moderately strong association between cannabis use and violence among people with severe mental disorders, the direction of this association has not been investigated prospectively in a population with schizophrenia. Therefore, this study aims to determine, using cross-lag models, whether a temporal relationship...

Stress associated with caring for a mentally ill spouse can adversely affect the health status of caregivers and their children. Adding to the stress of caregiving is the stigma often placed against spouses and children of people with mental illness. Contrary to mental illness, many physical disorders such as cancer may be less stigmatized (expect...

Comment on: Localized versus 360° intraoperative laser retinopexy in cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with mild-to- moderate grade proliferative vitreoretinopathy

Le chapitre présente les avantages de l'utilisation de la régularisation dans l'analyse de régression linéaire et logistique. Afin d'illustrer les techniques de régularisation, nous donnons un exemple de régression logistique régularisée avec validation croisée cherchant à prédire le décrochage scolaire chez des élèves du secondaire au Québec. Avec...

Objective. Assessing global functioning in psychiatric emergency settings is important for clinicians to estimate severity of mental disorders, devise a treatment plan and estimate progression over time. The World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule-2.0 (WHODAS-2) measures psychological, social and professional functioning and is rec...

Le chapitre présente les avantages de l'utilisation de la régularisation dans l'analyse de régression linéaire et logistique. Afin d'illustrer les techniques de régularisation, nous donnons un exemple de régression logistique régularisée avec validation croisée cherchant à prédire le décrochage scolaire chez des élèves du secondaire au Québec. Avec...

Recent evidence suggests that patients with psychotic disorders have metabolic disturbances (e.g., insulin resistance, dyslipidemia) at the onset of the disease and before antipsychotic exposure. Such disturbances are strongly associated with adipose tissue dysregulation. Measuring adipokines, the molecular mediators of adipose function, could prov...

Several instruments have been developed by clinicians and academics to assess clinical recovery. Based on their life narratives, measurement tools have also been developed and validated through participatory research programs by persons living with mental health problems or illnesses to assess personal recovery. The main objective of this project i...

Recidivism among released inmates is associated with a substantial societal burden given the financial and medical consequences of victimization. Among incarcerated North Americans, approximately 7% are housed in solitary confinement (SC). Studies show SC can lead to psychological deterioration and dispute it can effectively reduce institutional mi...

Objectives To systematically review and meta-analyze the psychological effects and mortality rate in inmates having been exposed to solitary confinement in correctional settings. Methods PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched using keywords describing solitary confinement in combination with keywords for psychological o...

Background: Previous work provided conversion equations for overall indices of positive and negative symptomatology between the two most widely used scales to assess symptom severity in schizophrenia, namely the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Scales for the Assessment of Positive/Negative Symptoms (SAPS/SANS). Our objective wa...

Workers in residential treatment centers for youth are often victims of violence, including verbally and physically aggressive behavior. Restraint and seclusion (R&S) are the last-resort methods used by residential workers to deal with the aggressive behavior of youths. However, their use has been found to contribute to building negative interactio...

Background: Previous work provided conversion equations for overall indices of positive and negative symptomatology between the two most widely used scales to assess symptom severity in schizophrenia, namely the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Scales for the Assessment of Positive/Negative Symptoms (SAPS/SANS). Our objective wa...

Objectives To determine whether studying aetiological pathways of depression, in particular the well-established determinant of childhood trauma, only in a specialised mental healthcare setting can yield biased estimates of the aetiological association, given that the majority of individuals are treated in primary care settings. Design and setting...

BACKGROUND In times of pandemics, social distancing, isolation and quarantine have precipitated depression, anxiety and substance misuse. Scientific literature suggests that patients living with mental health problems or illnesses (MHPIs) who interact with Peer Support Workers (PSWs) will not only feel the empathy and connectedness that comes from...

Background The endogenous cannabinoid system mediates the psychoactive effects of cannabis in the brain. It has been argued that this system may play a key role in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. While some studies have consistently shown that the levels of anandamide, an endogenous cannabinoid ligand, are increased in the cerebrospinal fluid...

The first purpose of this systematic review and metaanalysis was to describe rates of acute stress disorder following five different types of traumatic events. The second goal was to assess the methodological and trauma-related factors influencing these rates. Between May 2017 and October 2019, studies were identified by searching through the Psych...