Charles Butterworth
PhD
Metropolitan State University of Denver

About

Publications

11,245

Reads

1,220

Citations

Skills and Expertise

Plant Biodiversity

Metropolitan State University of Denver

Department of Biology
Denver, United States

Marc A. Baker's Lab

Publications

Supplementary information: Goettsch et al 2015 Nature Plants

Data

Full-text available

Jan 2016

High proportion of cactus species threatened with extinction

Article

Full-text available

Oct 2015

A high proportion of plant species is predicted to be threatened with extinction in the near future. However, the threat status of only a small number has been evaluated compared with key animal groups, rendering the magnitude and nature of the risks plants face unclear. Here we report the results of a global species assessment for the largest plan...

Geographic distribution and taxonomic circumscription of populations within Coryphantha section Robustispina (Cactaceae)

Article

Full-text available

May 2013

Unlabelled: • Premise of study: Taxonomic circumscription of subspecific taxa within Coryphantha robustispina was evaluated with morphological data and microsatellites. This study was the first to compare adequately sampled morphological and DNA analyses at the population level in the Cactaceae. This comparison was important to test reliability...

Sclerocactus

Chapter

Jan 2012

Charles Butterworth

Pediocactus

Chapter

Jan 2012

Charles Butterworth

Isolation and characterization of 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci in Coryphantha robustispina ssp. robustispina

Article

Apr 2010

Charles Butterworth

This study reports the isolation and characterization of ten polymorphic microsatellite loci from Coryphantha robustispina subsp. robustispina (Cactaceae). 79 alleles with an average of 7 alleles per locus across 30 individuals were observed. The observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.13 to 0.87 (mean 0.6). Two loci deviated from Hardy-Weinberg equi...

Investigating Pereskia and the Earliest Divergences In Cactaceae

Article

Sep 2009

Charles Butterworth

The cacti are renowned desert plants of the New World. The are typically leafless, spine-bearing stem succulents. Species of Pereskia possess broad, regular leaves and have been viewed as being representative of ancestral cacti. A number of previous studies have attempted to resolve phylogenetic relationships within Pereskia and between Pereskia an...

Resolving “Nyffeler’s Puzzle”– the intriguing taxonomic position of Blossfeldia

Article

Sep 2009

Charles Butterworth

Taxonomic relationships between Blossfeldia liliputana Werdermann and other members of the Cactoideae have not been fully clear due to morphological and anatomical peculiarities of this diminutive species. Current classifications place Blossfeldia in Tribe Notocacteae Buxbaum due to similarities in seed morphology with Parodia microsperma Weber (Sp...

Molecular Phylogenetics of the Leafy Cactus Genus Pereskia (Cactaceae)

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2009

Charles Butterworth

Members of Pereskia exhibit some presumably plesiomorphic characters for the Cactaceae including shrubby habit, non-succulent or partially succulent leaves, and in some species, nearly superior ovaries. In addition, the members show a transition from perigynous flowers with half-inferior ovaries to those species having true receptacular epigyny (th...

Hybrid Origin and Genomic Mosaicism of Dubautia scabra (Hawaiian Silversword Alliance; Asteraceae, Madiinae)

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2009

Incongruence among different estimates of species relationships in plants, from different molecules, cytogenetic data, biogeographic data, morphological/anatomical data or other sources, has been used frequently as an indication of introgression, hybrid species origin, or chloroplast (cp) capture. In plants, these incongruences are most often seen...

Investigating Pereskia and the earliest divergences in cactaceae

Article

Jan 2008

The Organ Pipe Cactus David Yetman . 2006. The Organ Pipe Cactus. The University of Arizona Press. 355 S. Euclid Avenue, Suite 103. Tucson, AZ 85719. xiii +. 72 (paperback). USD 9.95. ISBN: 0-8165-2541-2

Article

Dec 2007

Charles Butterworth

A localized loss of the chloroplast rpl 16 intron in Mammillaria series Stylothelae (Cactaceae) delineates members of the M. crinita group

Article

Dec 2007

Molecular phylogenetics of the Cactaceae Jussieu - a review

Chapter

Jan 2006

Charles Butterworth

Molecular phylogenetics of the leafy cactus genus Pereskia (Cactaceae)

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2005

Phylogenetic studies of Mammillaria (Cactaceae) - Insights from chloroplast sequence variation and hypothesis testing using the parametric bootstrap

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Full-text available

Jul 2004

The genus Mammillaria is likely the most species-rich and morphologically variable genus in the Cactaceae. There is doubt as to whether the genus is monophyletic, and past infrageneric treatments differ regarding generic circumscription. Phylogenetic questions about Mammillaria were addressed using chloroplast DNA sequence data from the rpl16 intro...

Pennington RT, Lavin M, Prado DE, Pendry CA, Pell SK, Butterworth CA. Historical climate change and speciation: neotropical seasonally dry forest plants show patterns of both tertiary and quaternary diversification. Philos T Roy Soc B 359: 515-537

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Full-text available

Apr 2004

Historical climate changes have had a major effect on the distribution and evolution of plant species in the neotropics. What is more controversial is whether relatively recent Pleistocene climatic changes have driven speciation, or whether neotropical species diversity is more ancient. This question is addressed using evolutionary rate analysis of...

Loxopterygium huasango voucher RBGE Pennington 816 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence

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Jan 2004

Loxostylis alata voucher NYBG living collection 488/84 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence

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Jan 2004

Loxopterygium huasango voucher RBGE Pennington 813 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence

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Jan 2004

Cardenasiodendron brachypterum voucher RBGE Pendry 691 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence

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Jan 2004

Loxopterygium grisebachii voucher RBGE Pendry 678 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence

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Jan 2004

Schinus areira voucher RBGE Pendry 737 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence

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Jan 2004

Loxopterygium sagotii voucher RBGE Polak 309 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence

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Jan 2004

Schinopsis brasiliensis voucher RBGE living collection 1990880A internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, complete sequence; and internal transcribed spacer 2, partial sequence

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Jan 2004

Chaetocalyx longiflora isolate 904 small subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; internal transcribed spacer 1, complete sequence; and 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

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Mar 2003

Chaetocalyx scandens isolate 900 small subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; internal transcribed spacer 1, complete sequence; and 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

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Mar 2003

Chaetocalyx scandens isolate 898 small subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; internal transcribed spacer 1, complete sequence; and 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

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Mar 2003

Chaetocalyx scandens isolate 901 small subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; internal transcribed spacer 1, complete sequence; and 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

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Mar 2003

Chaetocalyx latisiliqua isolate 890 small subunit ribosomal RNA gene, and internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence

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Mar 2003

Chaetocalyx scandens isolate 897 small subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; internal transcribed spacer 1, complete sequence; and 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

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Mar 2003

Chaetocalyx latisiliqua isolate 891 small subunit ribosomal RNA gene, and internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence

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Mar 2003

Chaetocalyx brasiliensis isolate 584 internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene and internal transcribed spacer 2, complete sequence; and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

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Mar 2003

Chaetocalyx scandens isolate 897 internal transcribed spacer 2, and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

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Mar 2003

Chaetocalyx blanchetiana isolate 893 internal transcribed spacer 2, and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

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Mar 2003

Nissolia hirsuta isolate 466 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; internal transcribed spacer 2, complete sequence; and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

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Mar 2003

Chaetocalyx scandens isolate 901 internal transcribed spacer 2, and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

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Mar 2003

Nissolia leiogyne internal transcribed spacer 1, partial sequence; 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene and internal transcribed spacer 2, complete sequence; and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

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Mar 2003

Nissolia diversifolia 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; internal transcribed spacer 2, complete sequence; and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

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Mar 2003

Nissolia hirsuta isolate 774 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; internal transcribed spacer 2, complete sequence; and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

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Mar 2003

Chaetocalyx latisiliqua isolate 890 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; internal transcribed spacer 2, complete sequence; and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

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Mar 2003

Nissolia platycalyx isolate 779 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; internal transcribed spacer 2, complete sequence; and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

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Mar 2003

Chaetocalyx latisiliqua isolate 745 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; internal transcribed spacer 2, complete sequence; and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

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Mar 2003

Nissolia platycalyx isolate 467 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; internal transcribed spacer 2, complete sequence; and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

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Mar 2003

Nissolia microptera 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; internal transcribed spacer 2, complete sequence; and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

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Mar 2003

Chaetocalyx brasiliensis isolate 744 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; internal transcribed spacer 2, complete sequence; and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

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Mar 2003

Chaetocalyx scandens isolate 898 internal transcribed spacer 2, and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

Data

Mar 2003

Chaetocalyx blanchetiana isolate 799 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; internal transcribed spacer 2, complete sequence; and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

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Mar 2003

Chaetocalyx scandens isolate 900 internal transcribed spacer 2, and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

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Mar 2003

Nissolia gentryi 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; internal transcribed spacer 2, complete sequence; and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

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Mar 2003

Chaetocalyx klugii small subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; internal transcribed spacer 1, 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene and internal transcribed spacer 2, complete sequence; and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

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Mar 2003

Chaetocalyx longiflora isolate 902 5.8S ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence; internal transcribed spacer 2, complete sequence; and large subunit ribosomal RNA gene, partial sequence

Data

Mar 2003

Molecular Systematics of Tribe Cacteae (Cactaceae: Cactoideae): A Phylogeny Based on rpl16 Intron Sequence Variation

Article

Full-text available

Apr 2002

Parsimony analysis of plastid rpl16 sequences from 62 members of Tribe Cacteae, and four outgroup taxa yielded 1296 equally parsimonious trees of length 666. Strict consensus evaluation of these trees established a highly pectinate topology, which delimited clades within the tribe that correspond to several previously considered generic groups. Azt...