Chao-Dong（朝东） Zhu（朱）

Chinese Academy of Sciences | CAS · Institute of Zoology

Public DNA databases are composed of data from many different taxa, although the taxonomic annotation on sequences is not always complete, which impedes the utilization of mined data for species-level applications. There is much ongoing work on species identification and delineation based on the molecular data itself, although applying species clus...

Species are fundamental units in biological research and can be defined on the basis of various operational criteria. There has been growing use of molecular approaches for species delimitation. Among the most widely used methods, the generalized mixed Yule-coalescent (GMYC) and Poisson tree processes (PTP) were designed for the analysis of single-...

Disentangling phylogenetic relationships proves challenging for groups that have evolved recently, especially if there is ongoing reticulation. Although they are in most cases immediately isolated from diploid relatives, sets of sibling allopolyploids often hybridize with each other, thereby increasing the complexity of an already challenging situa...

Declining plant diversity alters ecological networks, such as plant‐herbivore interactions. However, our knowledge of the potential mechanisms underlying effects of plant species loss on plant‐herbivore network structure is still limited. We used DNA‐barcoding to identify herbivore‐host plant associations along declining levels of tree diversity in...

The mechanisms driving species co‐occurrence are varied and include biotic interactions, abiotic factors and scale dependent processes. Based on a comprehensive dataset of lepidopteran herbivores recorded from a large‐scale forest biodiversity experiment, we tested the contribution to herbivore species co‐occurrence of herbivore phylogenetic relate...

The challenges of bee research in Asia are unique and severe, reflecting different cultures, landscapes, and faunas. Strategies and frameworks developed in North America or Europe may not prove applicable. Virtually none of these species have been assessed by the IUCN and there is a paucity of public data on even the basics of bee distribution. If...

Wild bees provide important pollination services, but they face numerous stressors that threaten them and their ecosystem services. Wild bees can be exposed to heavy metal pollution through the consumption of nectar, pollen, and water, which might cause bee decline. While some studies have measured heavy metal concentrations in honeybees, few stu...

Guedes and colleagues’ call to eliminate taxonomic eponyms stems from intense ongoing debates. The International Code on Zoological Nomenclature Commission has categorically stated that it will not do this; doing so would eliminate the stability that the code provides and would sow chaos at a time when scientists must work together to mitigate the...

The Holy Grail of an Insect Tree of Life can only be 'discovered' through extensive collaboration among taxon specialists, phylogeneticists and centralized frameworks such as Open Tree of Life, but insufficient effort from stakeholders has so far hampered this promising approach. The resultant unavailability of synthesis phylogenies is an unfortuna...

Despite the urgent need for conservation consideration, strategic action plans for the preservation of the Asian honeybee, Apis cerana Fabricius, 1793, remain lacking. Both the convergent and divergent adaptations of this widespread insect have led to confusing phenotypical traits and inconsistent infraspecific taxonomy. Unclear subspecies boundari...

Chalcidoidea is one of the most biologically diverse groups among Hymenoptera. Members are characterized by extraordinary parasitic lifestyles and extensive host ranges, among which several species attack plants or serve as pollinators. However, higher-level chalcidoid relationships remain controversial. Here, we performed mitochondrial phylogenomi...

The full potential for using DNA barcodes for profiling functional trait diversity has yet to be determined in plants and animals; thus, we outline a general framework for quantifying functional trait diversity of insect community DNA and propose and assess the accuracy of three methods for achieving this. We built a novel dataset of traits and DNA...

Andrena camellia, an effective pollinator of the economicallysignificant crop Camellia oleifera, can withstand the toxic pollen of C. oleifera, making A. camellia a crucial for resource conservation and cultivation of C. oleifera. In this study, the whole genome of A. camellia was sequenced on the Oxford Nanopore platform. The assembled genome size...

There are many factors known to drive species turnover although the mechanisms by which these operate are less clear. Based on comprehensive datasets we used zeta diversity and multi-site generalized dissimilarity modelling to investigate the pattern and determinants of species turnover for Lepidoptera herbivores. We found that the average number o...

Forests sustain 80% of terrestrial biodiversity and provide essential ecosystem services. Biodiversity experiments have demonstrated that plant diversity correlates with both primary productivity and higher trophic diversity. However, whether higher trophic diversity can mediate the effects of plant diversity on productivity remains unclear. Here,...

Phylogenomics is a new field that infers evolutionary relationships of taxa at the genome-scale level. The increment of molecular data may raise the potential bias as the limiting factor in phylogenomics. It is particularly important to explore these factors in phylogenomic analyses by simple, convenient, time-saving and (relatively) robust means....

Gaining knowledge on bees is of the utmost importance due to the paramount role that they play in angiosperm pollination. Herein, we provide the first genome assembly of Colletes collaris, a pan-Eurasian cellophane bee. We sequenced 50.53 Gbp of long-read data plus 57.36 Gbp of short-read data in Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Illumina platforms,...

Insects are key pollinators to ecosystem function, but much work remains to determine the most cost-e ective, reliable scheme to monitor them. Pan traps (PT) and flight interception traps (FIT) are two of the most popular insect sampling methods used. However, their relative sampling performance and cost is poorly known for agroecosystems in China....

Evolutionary timescales can be inferred by molecular-clock analyses of genetic data and fossil evidence. Bayesian phylogenetic methods such as tip dating provide a powerful framework for inferring evolutionary timescales, but the most widely used priors for tree topologies and node times often assume that present-day taxa have been sampled randomly...

4 个皖南地区典型的农林交错带，2019 年 7 月至 2021 年 4 月，采用人工扫网法收集开花植物上的传粉蜂 类。分析比较了不同植物类型上传粉蜂类的物种多样性和群落结构差异。 【结果】 本研究共采集 4 484 头 传粉蜂类，隶属于 11 科 53 属 118 种，被访植物有农作物、经济作物、观赏植物和野生植物 4 种类型。蜜 蜂科的种类、数量以及所访问植物的种类都极显著高于其他科的蜂类(P < 0.01) 。蜜蜂总科-植物传粉网 络的灭绝曲线系数高于胡蜂总科-植物传粉网络。野生植物上传粉蜂的种类和数量均极显著高于其他的类 型的植物(P < 0.01) 。观赏植物的种类与其所吸引传粉蜂类的 Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数和 Marglaf 丰富 度指数均极显著相关(P < 0...

Osmia spp.的授粉服务功能在全球农作物生产中发挥着重要的作用，但我们对其授粉效率和 应用过程中的影响因素的基础研究仍然十分有限。 农业景观会影响壁蜂授粉的表现。 在不同的农业景观内， 当地与目标作物同时开花的野生植物、当地传粉昆虫群落、捕食者、拟寄生者和病原体可以增强/削弱壁 蜂的授粉表现及壁蜂蜂茧的回收。我们需要评估从壁蜂引入到对当地农业生态系统的潜在影响。引入的壁 蜂有可能与本土野生蜂物种竞争筑巢栖息地、筑巢材料和食物，并可能通过帮助入侵植物授粉来促进其扩 散。本文综述了利用壁蜂进行授粉存在的潜在问题，并基于四个方面讨论壁蜂应用成本与效益：1)将农 业景观纳入壁蜂授粉应用的评估；2)评估壁蜂对当地生态系统的潜在影响；3)评估壁蜂的授粉价值； 4)对比壁蜂与蜜蜂的授粉效果，旨在指导...

Insect-associated microorganisms play important roles in the health and development of insects. This study aimed to investigate the similarities and differences in bacterial community structure and composition between the larval gut of Osmia excavata, nest soil, and brood provision from the nest tube. We sequenced larvae gut and their environments’...

Human-induced biodiversity loss negatively affects ecosystem function, but the interactive effects of biodiversity change across trophic levels remain insufficiently understood. We sampled arboreal spiders and lepidopteran larvae across seasons in 2 years in a subtropical tree diversity experiment, and then disentangled the links between tree diver...

The fairyfly Mymaridae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) are widely distributed worldwide, but species of this family have rarely been collected and recorded from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. In this study, mymarids collected in Tibet, China, are identified based on morphology and molecular data. Two species of the genus Pseudanaphes Noyes & Valentine are...

BEF-China; Predatory spiders; Herbivory caterpillars; Functional Animal Groups

Species are fundamental biological units, but their discovery and delimitation requires appropriate data and methods. To better circumscribe species, we must improve our species concepts and bolster the underlying data resources necessary to enact them. Here, we provide six prescriptions for better collecting and synergizing our knowledge on specie...

Species are fundamental biological units, but their discovery and delimitation requires appropriate data and methods. To better circumscribe species, we must improve our species concepts and bolster the underlying data resources necessary to enact them. Here, we provide six prescriptions for better collecting and synergizing our knowledge on specie...

Global biodiversity decline and its cascading effects through trophic interactions pose a severe threat to human society. Establishing the impacts of biodiversity decline requires a more thorough understanding of multi-trophic interactions and, more specifically, the effects that loss of diversity in primary producers has on multi-trophic community...

Plant diversity has been found to increase herbivore diversity, including abundance, species richness and phylogenetic diversity. However, it is yet to be established at which spatial scale these effects are strongest, because host finding and community assembly may be shaped by host diversity both in local habitat patches and at larger scales. Usi...

Nutritional content of host plants is expected to drive caterpillar species assemblages and their trait composition. These relationships are altered by tree richness-induced neighborhood variation and a seasonal decline in leaf quality. We tested how key functional traits related to the growth and defenses of the average caterpillar hosted by a tre...

This paper reviews current progresses on insect diversity monitoring in China and gives a brief introduction to the planning and progress of the Insect Diversity Monitoring Network, China (Sino BON–Insects). Because insects play a key role in ecosystem processes it is important to monitor their diversity over the long term. Different monitoring tec...

Background & Aims: We reviewed progress on insect biodiversity research over the past 30 years and further analyzed the trends, focusing on varied study sys tems (e.g. forest, grassland and agriculture etc.) and important functional insect groups, such as pollinators, herbivores and predators. Progresses: Declines of insect abundance and diversity...

BEF-China)新岗山样地 5 年的长期定点监测和实验样本积累，我们发现了独栖 蜂的主要类群和发生规律。巢管法共获得 129 个物种，隶属于 3 目 25 科。其中传粉者占全部独栖蜂的 26.6%，共 2 科 12 种，主要为分舌蜂和切叶蜂；捕食者约占全部独栖蜂的 73.4%，有 4 科 44 种，以蜾蠃、 蛛蜂、泥蜂和方头泥蜂为主；独栖蜂寄生者有 19 科 73 种，主要类群是麻蝇、蜂虻、青蜂、钩腹蜂和姬 小蜂。独栖蜂物种组成中传粉者多样性显著低于捕食者。同时独栖蜂中普遍存在着雌雄羽化异律现象， 即雄性先羽化，并在越冬个体中更明显。切叶蜂科和方头泥蜂科的发生时间比以蜾蠃亚科和蛛蜂科的发 生时间更集中。此外，通过构建独栖蜂和寄生者的互作网络，我们发现寄生者多度和多样性受较低营养 级寄主的...

Aim: The aim of this study is to catalogue and summarize new taxa of the order Hymenoptera published in 2021. Methods: In 2021, 355 journal publications on new taxa in the order Hymenoptera were obtained and analyzed by researching the available zoological databases. Results: Based on the collected journal publications, there were 1,152 records on...

This is an eletter to comment on Ma's letter (Science 377, 6610).

This study is dedicated to the late Dr. John LaSalle, and reviews the world species of Pleurotroppopsis Girault (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae); fourteen species are treated, of which two are newly described: P. dactylispae Cao & Zhu sp. nov. from China and P. peukscutella Cao & Zhu sp. nov. from Malaysia. On the basis of morphological characters, tentat...

Despite recent advances in phylogenomics, the early evolution of the largest bee family, Apidae, remains uncertain, hindering efforts to understand the history of Apidae and establish a robust comparative framework. Confirming the position of Anthophorinae—a diverse, globally distributed lineage of apid bees—has been particularly problematic, with...

Despite recent advances in phylogenomics, the early evolution of the largest bee family, Apidae, remains uncertain, hindering efforts to understand the history of Apidae and establish a robust comparative framework. Confirming the position of Anthophorinae—a diverse, globally distributed lineage of apid bees—has been particularly problematic, with...

The microbiomes associated with bee nests influence colony health through various mechanisms, although it is not yet clear how honeybee congeners differ in microbiome assembly processes, in particular the degrees to which floral visitations and the environment contribute to different aspects of diversity. We used DNA metabarcoding to sequence bacte...

This 10-min talk covers major challenges, innovative approaches, new efforts and potential collaborations in studying on bee diversity and pollinations services between scientists from both China and U.S.A.

EDITORIAL Positioning taxonomic research for the future Why do taxonomists matter? The work of taxonomists is often understated if not completely misunderstood. Without taxonomists, organisms cannot be accurately identified, neither can these organisms be given universally accepted names, and reliably positioned in the phylogenetic tree of life. Th...

The stalk-eyed fruit flies, with their eyes borne at the ends of long stalks, are distinctly different from all other members of the family Tephritidae (Diptera). They resemble stalk-eyed flies (Diptera, Diopsidae) but they are much larger and their antennae are located in the middle of the head instead of on the eye stalks. The stalk-eyed fruit fl...

Taxonomy plays an important role in understanding the origin, evolution, and ecological functionality of biodiversity. There are large number of unknown species yet to be described by taxonomists, which together with their ecosystem services cannot be effectively protected prior to description. Despite this, taxonomy has been increasingly underrat...

A new species of Ooctonus Haliday (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), O. innermongolicus Aishan & Hu sp. nov., is described from Inner Mongolia and Tibet, China. Eight other species of the genus, including the three new records O. hemipterus Haliday, O. lokomotiv Triapitsyn and O. spartak Triapitsyn, are also reported and illustrated. A key to females is pro...

Fruit flies in the family Tephritidae are well known as economically important pests of edible fruits and can often cause serious damage and losses to both agriculture and the economy. One of the common parasitoids of fruit flies, Aceratoneuromyia indica (Silvestri), has been used in biological programs. However, the biocontrol utilities of parasit...

Several species of Encyrtus are widely diversified. Frequency of the distances of COI sequences by the presence of multiple picks could indicate to the current speciation process, which makes barcode threshold value unclear. 28s distribution shows diversification among species groups and complexes. E. infidus is composed by several branches and par...

Chinese Larentiinae is exceptionally rich in species since it spans the Palearctic realm and the Oriental realm, comprising 715 species belonging to 130 genera. Among them, nearly half species are endemic. This taxon is considered an ideal object for the study of endemic patterns. In this study, parsimony analysis of endemicity was used to delineat...

Two Chinese species of the genus Lipotriches Gerstaecker, 1858 are treated in this paper. Lipotriches (Lipotriches) guihongi Zhang & Niu, sp. nov. is recognized as a new species and Lipotriches (Maynenomia) nanensis (Cockerell, 1929) is a new species and subgenus record for China. The number of Chinese species of the subfamily Nomiinae and genus Li...

The halictid genus Lasioglossum, as one of the most species‐rich bee groups with persistently contentious subgeneric boundaries, is one of the most challenging bee groups from a systematic standpoint. An enduring question is the relationship of Lasioglossum and Homalictus, whether all halictine bees with weakened distal wing venation comprise one o...

Mourecotelles Toro & Cabezas (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Colletinae) currently includes only nine valid species of cellophane bees found mostly in relatively-dry regions of western South America (Chile, Argentina, Bolivia, and Ecuador). In this paper, we describe and illustrate a new species of the genus-M. braziliensis Ferrari & Melo, sp. nov.-based on...

The managed bumblebee Bombus terrestris L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) has become established on multiple continents and various islands globally, potentially impacting fauna and flora alike. Its introduction could prove especially problematic in Asia, where bumblebee biodiversity is the highest worldwide. Here, we report the active, unregulated commerci...

Anthidiini, a large bee tribe characterized by light-colored maculations, represents nearly one thousand pollinator species, but no genomes are yet available for this tribe. Here, we report a chromosome-level genome assembly of Anthidium xuezhongi collected from the Tibetan Plateau. Using PacBio long reads and Hi-C data, we assembled a genome of 18...

Anthidiini, a large bee tribe characterized by light-colored maculations, represents nearly one thousand pollinator species, but no genomes are yet available for this tribe. Here, we report a chromosome-level genome assembly of Anthidium xuezhongi collected from the Tibetan Plateau. Using PacBio long reads and Hi-C data, we assembled a genome of 18...

Apocephalus borealis is a parasitoid of hymenopterans native to North America that also attacks introduced honey bees (Apis mellifera). Parasitism by this species has been associated with infested bees absconding the hive and dying outside. The flies can also harbour viral infections and nosematosis. Recently, nucleotide sequences identical to A. b...

报告摘要：基于昆虫形态分类学和DNA分类学原理和方法，实现对较蜜蜂总科和小蜂总科物种的精确和高效界定。以蛾类幼虫物种界定为突破口，重点介绍研究组长期在江西省新岗山试验基地蹲点，开展：中欧BEF-China项目的研究成果：发现植物多样性能显著的影响膜翅目昆虫和鳞翅目幼虫的多度、物种多样性、及系统发生多样性，还在较大程度上通过鳞翅目幼虫的多度间接地影响鳞翅目幼虫的各项多样性指标；植物多样性与叶性状(干物质含量、叶韧度)决定了植食昆虫共生微生物的多样性及群落组成；植食性鳞翅目幼虫共现指数与树和鳞翅目的系统发生距离呈显著负相关；系统发生结构在三个空间尺度上均表现为聚集模式（clustering pattern）。该结果支持了整体上环境过滤（environmental filtering）的重要作用。...

Evolutionary timescales can be estimated using a combination of genetic data and fossil evidence based on the molecular clock. Bayesian phylogenetic methods such as tip dating and total-evidence dating provide a powerful framework for inferring evolutionary timescales, but the most widely used priors for tree topologies and node times often assume...

Diglyphus species are ecologically and economically important on agromyzid leafminers. In 2018, a thelytokous species, Diglyphus wani Liu, Zhu & Yefremova, was firstly reported and described. Subsequently, the arrhenotokous D. wani were discovered in Yunnan and Guizhou Provinces of China. We compared the morphological characteristics of thelytokous...

The first known gynander of the East Asian cellophane bee Colletes hedini Kuhlmann (Hymenoptera: Colletidae) is described and imaged. We provide an illustrated differential diagnosis based on the terminalia, which are entirely male. We also DNA barcoded the gynander to confirm its identity, and the complete bar-code sequence is made public. In the...

Epipaschiinae, a subfamily of Pyralidae, has characteristic features distinct from other groups of Pyralidae, such as the thick scales and labial palpi usually upturned. This subfamily is a relative smaller group in Pyralidae, and currently reports over 700 species worldwide (Solis, 1992, 1994; Nuss et al., 2021). Solis (1992) listed 287 known epip...

To meet the pollination need of economic crops, Osmia excavata has been successfully used to improve the pollination efficiency of Rosaceae and Brassicaceae plants. As a widely used pollinator of economic crops, a systematic study of flower-visiting species and diversities of O. excavata stocked in China was not found. To investigate the foraging p...

From regional to global scales, anthropogenic environmental change is causing biodiversity loss and reducing ecosystem functionality. Previous studies have investigated the relationship between plant diversity and functional insect communities in temperate and also in tropical grasslands and forests. However, few studies have explored these dynamic...