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Publications (75)
Coupling of urban land use land cover (LULC) and aerosol loading on rainfall around cities in the Gangetic Basin (GB) is examined here. Long-term observations illustrate more rainfall at urban core and climatological downwind regions compared to the upwind regions of Kanpur, a metropolitan area located in central GB. In addition, analysis of a 15-d...
Measurements and models show that enhanced aerosol concentrations can modify macro- and micro-physical properties of clouds. Here, we examine the effect of aerosols on continental mesoscale convective cloud systems during the Indian summer monsoon and find that these aerosol-cloud interactions have a net cooling effect at the surface and the top-of...
Light-absorbing particles (LAPs), mainly dust and black carbon, can significantly impact snowmelt and regional water availability over high-mountain Asia (HMA). In this study, for the first time, online aerosol–snow interactions are enabled and a fully coupled chemistry Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-Chem) regional model is used to simulate...
Westerly driven, long-range transportation of dust particles in elevated aerosol layers (EALs) is a persistent phenomenon during spring and summer over the Indian subcontinent. During the snow accumulation season, EALs transport substantial amounts of dust to the snow-covered slopes of high-mountain Asia (HMA). Here we use multiple satellite-based...
Monsoonal rainfall is the primary source of surface water in India. Using 12 years of in situ and satellite observations, we examined the association of aerosol loading with cloud fraction, cloud top pressure, cloud top temperature, and daily surface rainfall over the Indian summer monsoon region (ISMR). Our results showed positive correlations bet...
The cloud responses to global warming are captured in various global climate models with distinct inferences on changes in cloud vertical structure as function of surface warming. However, long term observational evidences are scarce to validate the model outputs. Here, we have studied the changes in radiosonde derived cloud macro-physical properti...
Aerosol-cloud interactions (ACI) is a key uncertainty in our ability to forecast future climate. Robust evidences of aerosol-induced modi cations to the structure and lifetime of both, rain bearing and non-rain bearing clouds has emerged from satellite observations across the globe in last two decades. These observations were also substantiated by...
The present study investigates the influencing factors responsible for the asymmetry in aerosol optical depth (AOD) trends using long-term datasets (2003-2019) over western and eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) regions during the pre-monsoon season. Analysis from Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications Version-2 (MERRA-2) fo...
There is considerable disagreement about the impact of irrigation on heat stress, partly stemming from the choice of heat stress metric. Moreover, existing simulations are at scales that cannot appropriately resolve population centers, and thus potential for human impacts. Here, we employ multi-year regional climate simulations at a convection-perm...
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Dark particles deposited on glacier surfaces absorb more solar radiation than the surrounding ice, and melt into the surface to create approximately cylindrical holes with a layer of dark “cryoconite” substance at their bottom. Such cryoconite holes are commonly seen on glacier surfaces all over the world. These holes continu...
Although, the aerosol-cloud interactions and its impact on daily to seasonal radiation/temperature has been well observed over South Asia in last two decade, the role of aerosol-cloud interactions on cloud occurrence trends (and surface temperature) is yet not evident. Here, evidence of aerosol-induced control on cloud occurrence trends over the No...
Aerosol‐cloud interactions, also known as aerosol indirect effect (AIE), substantially impact rainfall frequency and intensity. Here, we analyze NEX‐GDDP, a multimodel ensemble of high‐resolution (0.25°) historical simulations and future projections statistically downscaled from 21 CMIP5 models, to quantify the importance of AIE on extreme climate...
Extreme weather events have become remarkably more evident in recent decades. Heat waves and coldwaves are anomalous weather events resulting from excessive heat and cold conditions, respectively, in the near-surface atmosphere. They may last from a few days to a few weeks, depending on the geography and climatology of the region. In this study, we...
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Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are long and narrow weather features often referred to as “rivers in the sky.” They often transport water from lower latitudes to higher latitudes typically across climate zones and produce precipitation necessary for local climates. Understanding ARs in a warming climate is challenging because of the...
Anthropogenic contribution to the overall fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations has been declining sharply in North America. In contrast, a steep rise in wildfire-induced air pollution events with recent warming is evident in the region. Here, based on coupled fire–climate–ecosystem model simulations, summertime wildfire-induced PM2.5 conc...
Aerosols are suspended solid or liquid particles in the atmosphere produced from natural and anthropogenic sources. Atmospheric aerosols can exert a cooling and warming on earth’s climate by directly scattering and absorbing, respectively, solar, and terrestrial radiation. They can also affect cloud formation processes indirectly by acting as cloud...
Biomass burning emits a large quantity of gaseous pollutants and aerosols into the atmosphere, which perturbs the regional and global climate and has significant impacts on air quality and human health. In order to understand the temporal and spatial distributions of biomass burning and its contribution to aerosol optical and radiative impacts, we...
Post monsoonal agricultural Crop Residue Burning (CRB) over northwestern India is believed to severely affect the air quality of the megacity of Delhi. However, the mechanistic understanding remains elusive. Long-term satellite observations (2007-2020) of aerosol properties during CRB season (Oct 20th to Nov 20th) indicate a distinct airshed of CRB...
The article “Urbanization Impact on Regional Climate and Extreme Weather: Current Understanding, Uncertainties, and Future Research Directions”, written by Yun QIAN, TC CHAKRABORTY, Jianfeng LI, Dan LI, Cenlin HE, Chandan SARANGI, Fei CHEN, Xuchao YANG, and L. Ruby LEUNG was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal on...
The present study investigates the influencing factors responsible for the asymmetry in aerosol optical depth (AOD) trends using long-term datasets (2003-2019)over western and eastern Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) regions during the pre-monsoon season. Analysis from MERRA-2 for different aerosols illustrates that dust aerosols dominate over the western...
Our understanding of water-soluble organic constituents and their transformation in the unique aqueous continuum over cryosphere region is scarce. Here, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON), and dissolved total nitrogen (DTN) and water-soluble inorganic ions in multiple water bodies from the eastern Tibetan Plateau (TP)...
The global demand for food and bioenergy changes associated with land use and land cover change (LULCC) has raised concerns about the environment, global warming, and climate change. There is enough evidence that we are passing through human-induced changes which may lead to sixth mass extinction. Information on the spatial representation of land u...
Anthropogenic contribution to the overall fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations has been declining sharply in North America. In contrast, a steep rise in wildfire-induced air pollution events with recent warming is evident in the region. Here, based on coupled fire-climate-ecosystem model simulations, summertime wildfire-induced PM2.5 conc...
Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and its oxidation products profoundly impact the air quality and climate. In recent decades, contrasting SO2 trends have been observed over different regions of the globe due to urbanization, energy generation and control measures. In this study, we have investigated the SO2 trends over the rapidly developing Indian subcontinen...
This study investigates how urbanization and irrigation in the United States east of the Rocky Mountains affect summer precipitation in the Mid‐Atlantic region (MAR) using convection‐permitting regional model simulations with/without urbanization or irrigation. A feature tracking algorithm is used to identify precipitation from mesoscale convective...
Plain Language Summary
Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are a type of weather pattern known to be important for moving water from the warm, moist tropics to the cool, dry polar regions; when they reach midlatitudes in the winter time, they are commonly associated with heavy precipitation. Recent studies that assess the impacts of global climate change on A...
Northern India is a densely populated subtropical region with heavy aerosol loading (mean aerosol optical depth or AOD is ∼0.7), frequent heat waves, and strong atmosphere–biosphere coupling, making it ideal for studying the impacts of aerosols and the temperature variation in latent heat flux (LH) and evaporative fraction (EF). Here, using in situ...
Investigating the migration and transformation of carbonaceous and nitrogenous matter in the cryosphere areas is crucial for understanding global biogeochemical cycle and earth's climate system. However, water-soluble organic constituents and their transformation in multiple water bodies are barely investigated. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC)...
Urban environments lie at the confluence of social, cultural, and economic activities and have unique biophysical characteristics due to continued infrastructure development that generally replaces natural landscapes with built-up structures. The vast majority of studies on urban perturbation of local weather and climate have been centered on the u...
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While urbanization increases the temperature of urban regions compared to rural regions, it also decreases the moisture in the urban air. Thus, urbanization can have heterogeneous effect on heat stress (a net effect of ambient temperature and moisture) on warmer days. In this study, we employed convection‐permitting simulatio...
Aerosols play a significant role in regional scale pollution that alters the cloud formation process, radiation budget, and climate. Here, using long-term (2003-2019) observations from multi-satellite and ground-based remote sensors, we show robust aerosol-induced instantaneous daytime lower tropospheric cooling during the pre-monsoon season over t...
This study investigates the long-term (2003–2019) variations of high aerosol loading days and their radiative impacts over the western Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) and eastern IGP during pre-monsoon season (March-April-May-June). The Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) climatology from MODIS (Terra and Aqua) and MERRA-2 reanalysis shows high aerosol burden ac...
Predicting how regional precipitation will respond to future warming is among the most challenging undertaking in climate change projection. Despite sustained efforts to improve modeling and understanding of precipitation, the overall uncertainty in projecting regional precipitation has not been reduced substantially. Here, the potential for more r...
The present study summarizes two decades (2000-2019) of climatology and trends in aerosol loading and optical properties using a high spatial resolution data obtained from NASA's MODIS MAIAC and MISR aerosol products supplemented by moderate resolution aerosol data from OMI sensor over South Asia (SA). MISR AOD showed good agreement against AERONET...
North India is a densely populated subtropical region with heavy aerosol loading, frequent heatwaves and strong atmosphere-biosphere coupling, making it ideal for studying the impacts of aerosols and temperature variation on latent heat flux (LH) and evaporative fraction (EF). Here, using in situ observations during the onset of the summer monsoon...
The COVID-19 lockdowns drastically reduced human activity, emulating a controlled experiment on human-land-atmosphere coupling. Here, using a fusion of satellite and reanalysis products, we examine this coupling through changes in the surface energy budget during the lockdown (1st April to 15th May 2020) in the Indo-Gangetic Basin, one of the world...
The Indo Gangetic Plain (IGP), one of the most densely populated regions of the world, is a global hotspot of anthropogenic aerosol emissions. In the pre-monsoon season (March-May), the strong westerlies carry transported dust aerosols along with anthropogenic aerosols onto the Bay of Bengal (BoB). The outflow from IGP modulates the aerosol loading...
11 The COVID-19 lockdowns drastically reduced human activity, emulating a controlled 12 experiment on human-land-atmosphere coupling. Here, using a fusion of satellite and 13 reanalysis products, we examine this coupling during the lockdown in the Indo-Gangetic 14 Basin, one of the world's most populated and polluted regions. During the lockdown, t...
Particulate emissions can alter the physical and dynamical properties of cloud systems and, in turn, amplify rainfall events over orographic regions downwind of highly polluted urban areas. The Indo-Gangetic Plain, one of the most polluted regions of the world, is located upwind of the Himalayan foothills. The region, therefore, provides an opportu...
The COVID-19 lockdown period (April-May 2020) led to a drastic reduction in human activity, emulating a controlled experiment on human-land-atmosphere coupling. Here, we examine the impact of the lockdown restrictions on this coupling in the Indo-Gangetic Basin (IGB), one of the most populated and polluted regions in the world. TROPOMI observations...
Atmospheric aerosols are a branch of active research in recent decades. The deposition of light-absorbing substances on high-altitude glaciers causes substantial adverse impacts on the cryospheric environment, cryosphere-hydrology, and climate system. Although, the concentrations of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) in snow/ice on glaciers of Tib...
The impact of aerosols on cloud microphysical properties, as well as precipitation during a wintertime hot weather event, occurred in February 2016 is analyzed. The chemistry module embedded within Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-Chem) is primarily used for this study. During the pre-mature and mature phases of the event, hot and dry we...
The impact of aerosols on cloud microphysical properties, as well as precipitation during a wintertime hot weather event, occurred in February 2016 is analyzed. The chemistry module embedded within Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF-Chem) is primarily used for this study. During the pre-mature and mature phases of the event, hot and dry we...
Particulate emissions can alter the physical and dynamical properties of cloud systems and in turn amplify rainfall events over orographic regions downwind of highly polluted urban areas. The Indo-Gangetic Plains, one of the most polluted regions of the world, is located upwind of Himalayan foothills. The region, therefore, provides an opportunity...
Atmospheric rivers (ARs) are now widely known for their association with high‐impact weather events and long‐term water supply in many regions. Researchers within the scientific community have developed numerous methods to identify and track of ARs—a necessary step for analyses on gridded data sets, and objective attribution of impacts to ARs. Thes...
Indian subcontinent is greatly vulnerable to air pollution, especially during the winter season. Here, we use 15 years (2003–2017) of satellite and model reanalysis datasets over India and adjoining Seas to estimate the trend in hazy days (i.e. days with high aerosol loading) during the dry winter season (November to February). The number of hazy d...
Tropical cyclone Ockhi, which matured into a very severe cyclonic storm (VSCS) in the southeast Arabian Sea, took atypical track over the Arabian Sea. Concurrently, an abrupt reduction in the precipitation rate, accompanied by weak updraft in the eye, was observed. The simultaneous presence of the capped inversion associated with the decreasing (in...
The INCOMPASS field campaign combines airborne and ground measurements of the 2016 Indian monsoon, towards the ultimate goal of better predicting monsoon rainfall. The monsoon supplies the majority of water in South Asia, but forecasting from days to the season ahead is limited by large, rapidly developing errors in model parametrizations. The lack...
The increasing anthropogenic pollution and its interaction with precipitation received much attention from the research community and have been explored extensively for understanding the aerosol-cloud interactions. The impacts of orography and aerosols on the precipitation processes have unveiled the Aerosol-Orography-Precipitation (AOP) interactio...
The INCOMPASS field campaign combines airborne and ground measurements of the 2016 Indian monsoon, towards the ultimate goal of better predicting monsoon rainfall. The monsoon supplies the majority of water in South Asia, but forecasting from days to the season ahead is limited by large, rapidly developing errors in model parametrizations. The lack...
We use eddy-covariance measurements over a semi-natural grassland in the central Indo-Gangetic Basin to investigate biases in energy fluxes simulated by the Noah land-surface model for two monsoon onset periods: one with rain (2016) and one completely dry (2017). In the preliminary run with default parameters, the offline Noah LSM overestimates the...
This dataset contains temperature, humidity, wind and GPS location information recorded from 137 radiosondes launched during July 2016 as part of the NERC/MoES Interaction of Convective Organization and Monsoon Precipitation, Atmosphere, Surface and Sea (INCOMPASS) field campaign. All radiosondes were launched from the airstrip of Indian Institute...
Light-absorbing particles (LAPs), mainly dust and black carbon, can significantly impact snowmelt and regional water availability over High Mountain Asia (HMA). In this study, for the first time, online aerosol-snow interactions enabled and a fully coupled chemistry Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-Chem) regional model is used to simulate LAP-...
The Atmospheric River Tracking Method Intercomparison Project (ARTMIP) is an international collaborative effort to understand and quantify the uncertainties in atmospheric river (AR) science based on detection algorithm alone. Currently, there are many AR identification and tracking algorithms in the literature with a wide range of techniques and c...
The impact of urbanization-induced land-cover change and increase in anthropogenic emissions on the air quality of the megacity cluster of the Yangtze River Delta is investigated using the WRF-Chem model coupled with an urban canopy model at cloud-resolving resolution. The urban land-cover effect results in considerable reduction of near-surface ae...
An overview of cloud vertical structure (CVS) and cloud radiative forcing (CRF) during Indian summer monsoon is obtained over Kanpur, through observations made during the Interaction of Convective Organisation and Monsoon Precipitation, Atmosphere, Surface and Sea (INCOMPASS) field campaign of 2016. Associations of CVS parameters with CRF at surfac...
The Atmospheric River Tracking Method Intercomparison Project (ARTMIP) is an international collaborative effort to understand and quantify the uncertainties in atmospheric river (AR) science based on detection algorithm alone. Currently, there are many AR identification and tracking algorithms in the literature with a wide range of techniques and c...
We quantify the spatial and temporal aspects of the urban heat-island (UHI) effect for Kanpur, a major city in the humid sub-tropical monsoon climate of the Gangetic basin. Fixed station measurements are used to investigate the diurnality and inter-seasonality in the urban–rural differences in surface temperature ( ΔTs ) and air temperature ( ΔTc )...