César Ramiro Martínez-González

National Autonomous University of Mexico | UNAM · School of Science

Tylopilus hayatae Rodríguez-Ramírez & Luna-Vega, sp. nov., is an ectomycorrhizal fungus found in relict Mexican beech forest (Fagus grandifolia subsp. mexicana) in the mountains of Hidalgo State, Sierra Madre Oriental, in eastern Mexico. We propose this new species based on morphological and molecular data evidence. Macro-and microscopic descriptio...

Mytilinidioid fungi are conchiform in nature, with the appearance of bivalve shells or wedge-shaped, rigid, brittle, and carbonaceous hysterothecia growing on the bark of gymnosperms or angiosperms. Based on their morphological characteristics and molecular markers (ITS and LSU), this study describes three new species of mytilinidioid fungi: Ericbo...

Geopyxis is an ectomycorrhizal genus found in temperate forests. The members form yellow and orange to brown apothecia that range from 3-25 mm in diameter. Its ascospores are smooth to finely verrucous. The specimen collected from Mount Tlaloc, Texcoco, State of Mexico, was identified as Geopyxis carolinae sp. nov. This species typically forms sess...

The genus Tarzetta is distributed mainly in temperate forests and establishes ectomycorrhizal associations with angiosperms and gymnosperms. Studies on this genus are scarce in México. A visual, morphological, and molecular (ITS-LSU) description of T. americupularis, T. cupressicola, T. davidii, T. durangensis, T. mesophila, T. mexicana, T. miquihu...

With more than 500 species consumed in the country Mexico is the second reservoir of edible wild mushrooms, just after China. However, only very few hypogeous fungi are consumed. In this paper we describe the first edible truffe with biocultural importance in the country. Tuber itzcuinzapotl is described as a new species to science. This species is...

In México, avocado production is an important economic source. In the last season it generated $ 3. 27 billion USD of foreign currency in the country. Irpex spp. are wood decay fungi. In the period 2019-2022, in the state of Michoacán (19°13' N; 101°55' W), México, basidiomes of Irpex sp. were observed on the base of trunks and crowns of 5-years-ol...

Boletes are one of the most common groups of fungi in temperate, subtropical, and tropical ecosystems. In Mexico, the northern region has mainly been explored in terms of bolete diversity. This study describes a new genus and seven new species based on macromorphological, micromorphological, molecular, phylogenetic, and ecological data. Garcileccin...

Citation: Ayala-Vásquez, O.; Martínez-Reyes, M.; Pérez-Moreno, J.; Martínez-González, C.R.; Pinzón, J.P.; de la Fuente, J.I.; Castro-Rivera, R.; García-Jiménez, J.; Balbuena-Carrasco, S.; Ramírez-Carbajal, E.; et al. Five New Species of Aureoboletus and Chalciporus (Boletaceae, Boletales) and Their Ethnomycological Aspects. Abstract: Among Boletale...

The tropical montane cloud forest is the most diverse and threatened vegetation type in Mexico. In the last decade, the number of described Ascomycetes species has notably increased, reaching more than 1300 species. This study describes six new species based on their molecular and morphological characteristics. Our results suggest that Mexico has t...

During a study of fungal species with biocultural importance in the Sierra Mixe in the state of Oaxaca, Mexico, specimens belonging to the genus Calostoma were collected in 2015. Morphological characteristics, electron micrographs and phylogenetic analyses of the collected specimens were used to identify the fungi at the species level. Herein we de...

Humaria (Pyronemataceae, Ascomycota) is an ectomycorrhizal genus of fungi, mainly distributed in temperate forest. It is characterized by cupuliform to discoid apothecia that are covered with abundant hairs throughout the exterior of the brown ascomata, and by ellipsoid, hyaline, warty ascospores. There are 66 accepted species of which only one has...

Opuntia is a genus of plants known as prickly pear cacti (nopales in Mexico), taxonomically complicated with about 200 species. The present study was focused on characterising morphology, micromorphology and producing the first phylogenetic hypothesis of Opuntia chiangiana, a species described in 2009. Three individuals were characterised and colle...

Elaphomyces readii is presented as a new species to science based on morphological and molecular evidence. The new species is characterized mainly by the pale brown rugose ascomata, yellowish to reddish brown hues in the proximity to the gleba, dark purple gleba and ascospores 20-57 µm in diameter. Elaphomyces readii is morphologically similar to E...

The tropical montane cloud forest in Mexico is the most diverse and threatened ecosystem. Mexican macrofungi numbers more than 1408 species. This study described four new species of Agaricomycetes (Bondarzewia, Gymnopilus, Serpula, Sparassis) based on molecular and morphological characteristics. Our results support that Mexico is among the most bio...

Two new species of sequestrate fungi are described from south Mexico based on morphological and molecular evidences. Here we describe Elaphomyces castilloi characterized by the yellowish mycelial mat, dull blue gleba and ascospores of 9.7-11.5 µm; Entoloma secotioides is characterized by the secotioid basidi-omata, sulcate, pale cream pileus, and b...

The genus Chroogomphus has scarcely been studied in Mexico, with only one species reported in the country despite its great biocultural importance in native cultures. In this study, two new species of Chroogomphus are presented based on genetic and morphological characterization. The phylogenetic analysis with DNA sequences from nrITS region confir...

Opuntia is a genus of plants known as prickly pear cactus (nopales), with about 200 species, and is taxonomically complicated. The present study was focused on characterizing micromorphology and providing a phylogenetic hypothesis to place Opuntia setocarpa (described in 2017) in relation to other related species. Three individuals were characteriz...

A detailed morphological and molecular study of the four Opuntia species belonging to the ser. Streptacanthae is carried out. No published phylogenetic study of Opuntia includes these four species. Our data support the recognition of the four taxa as separated species but related by the characteristic of having a glabrous epidermis, yellow flowers,...

Phylloporia species are characterized by having annual to perennial, with resupinate, pileate-sessile to pileate-stipitate basidiomata, and duplex context. They have monomitic to dimitic hyphal system, basidiospores are globose to cylindrical, thick-walled, yellowish to pale brown in KOH. The genus includes 72 species described worldwide, and only...

Hydnobolites oaxacanus is described using molecular and morphological data. This new species is characterized by the whitish ascomata with orange spots, grey gleba, and 4-spored asci with ascospores of 17–45 × 15–20 µm. The new species differs from other American Hydnobolites such as H. californicum and H. cerebriformis by the number of ascospores...

Background and Aims: Xerocomellus is a genus of the Boletaceae family, characterized by the small to medium, boletoid to gastroid basidiomata, usually with areolate pileus, and smooth to ornamented basidiospores. So far only two species are known from Mexico. The aim of this study is to describe a new species of Xerocomellus, based on morphological...

Matsutake fungi include a complex of edible mushrooms highly prized worldwide, particularly in Japan where they are considered one of the most luxurious ingredients. These species establish ectomycorrhizal symbioses with angiosperms and gymnosperms in the Northern Hemisphere and in North America only three species are currently known. In the presen...

Morels are gourmet wild edible mushrooms that can grow on several substrates with significant growth rate variations. Such variations have hindered the development of a standardized culture media to promote morel's sustainable production. The aim of this study is developing a novel culture media that takes advantage of coconut water as a complement...

Background and Aims: Geastrum is characterized by stelliform basidiomata, exoperidium with three layers, sessile or stalked endoperidium, and sulcate, plicate, folded or fibrillose peristome, distinctly or indistinctly delimited, sometimes with mycosclereids. The objective of this study is to describe and illustrate Geastrum chamelense with morphol...

Background and Aims: The genus Melanogaster is characterized by its hypogeous to semi hypogeous habit, brownish basidiomata, gel-filled gleba locules, and globose to ellipsoid basidiospores. The genus is distributed in temperate zones, but sequences from Coccoloba root tips and a few basidiome collections have revealed its presence in the tropics....

The genus Rhytidhysteron is characterised by forming navicular to apothecial hysterothecia, exposing the green, yellow, orange, red, vinaceous or black colours of the hymenium which generally releases pigments in the presence of KOH. The exciple is smooth or striated, the asci bitunicate and ascospores have 1–5 transverse septa. To date, twenty-six...

A morphological and molecular study of Opuntia lasiacantha and Opuntia rzedowskii is presented. These two species have long been considered to belong to the same taxon, although in-depth investigations had not been conducted. Furthermore, no published phylogenetic study of the genus Opuntia includes both species. Our data support the recognition of...

Opuntia tehuacana and Opuntia olmeca are morphological similarity and have been considered during the time as the same species. However, neither a detailed morphological study nor a phylogenetic assessment has been made to confirm this statement. In fact, although several phylogenetic studies of the genus Opuntia have been carried out, both species...

Phaeoclavulina liliputiana is a new endemic species from Tlaxcala, from the conifer and oak forests at an altitude of 2700 m asl, characterized by a very small basidiome size and, subellipsoid and usually more or less lacrymoid spores of 4.3-6.2 × 2.7-3.5 µm, with rounded warted ornamentation. We proposed this new species based on evidence from mor...

Fungal Systematics and Evolution (FUSE) is one of the journal series to address the “fusion” between morphological data and molecular phylogenetic data and to describe new fungal taxa and interesting observations. This paper is the 6th contribution in the FUSE series—presenting one new genus, twelve new species, twelve new country records, and thre...

Opuntia Miller (1754: no pagination) is a genus critical from both taxonomic and nomenclattural points of views (see e.g., Pinkava 2002, Griffith & Porter 2009, Majure et al. 2012). Many of the taxa belonging to this genus were described bases on materials collected by Old World naturalists (e.g., Arechavaleta 1905, Spegazzini 1905, 1925, Pontes et...

In this study, we included for the first time three Mexican Gomphaceae species in a molecular phylogeny. These species were described as members of the genus Gomphus, despite their tropical and subtropical habitat. We undertook a molecular analysis using the atp6 and SSU mitochondrial loci and nuclear ribosomal LSU. Our analysis showed that the thr...

A taxonomical revision of the Dacryopinax species in Mexico is presented in detail. Historically, only four species were known in the country: Dacryopinax elegans, D. lowyi, D. spathularia, and D. yungensis. Dacryopinax martinii is reported for the first time from Mexico. Taxonomical descriptions and remarks for all the species, based on macro- and...

This study has two main objectives: a) to provide, for the first time, a detailed description of the macro- and micromorphology of Opuntia joconostle based on collected specimens; and b) to generate a first phylogenetic analysis, which will help to resolve the taxonomic and nomenclatural status of this species.

Knowledge of sequestrate Hysterangiaceae fungi in Mexico is very limited. In the present study, a new member of the family, Aroramyces guanajuatensis sp. nov., is described. This speciesis closely related to A. balanosporus, but differs from the latter in possessing a tomentose peridium 165-240 µm thick, with occasional large terminal hyphae up to...

A detailed morphological and molecular study on Opuntia matudae and O. hyptiacantha is presented. These two species have been long considered to belong to the same taxon, although no investigations were carried out in depth. Moreover, no published phylogenetic study of the genus Opuntia include both species. Our data support the recognition of O. m...

In this study, we update the systematics of the Tabernaemontana and describe the general patterns of species diversity and conservation status in Mexico. A total of 18 species were registered, including one cultivated species, two new species described here (T. chamelensis L.O. Alvarado & Lozada-Pérez and T. ochoterenae L.O. Alvarado & S. Islas), a...

A new species of Ipomoea, I. kahloiae, is described and illustrated. It is endemic to tropical semideciduous forests in the Acahuizotla area of the Sierra Madre del Sur in Guerrero, Mexico. Information about its distribution, ecology, conservation and morphology is provided. Phylograms are presented to clarify the relationships of this new species...

Desde el punto de vista cultural, los xoconostles (Opuntia spp.) han sido un importante factor de sustento económico del campesino de las zonas semiáridas de México; sin embargo, a la fecha, a pesar de que los xoconostles son un recurso fitogenético con grandes potencialidades, existen pocos trabajos que nos permitan conocer su diversidad o su exis...

Background Genomic DNA extracted from species of Cactaceae is often contaminated with significant amounts of mucilage and pectin. Pectin is one of the main components of cellular walls, whereas mucilage is a complex polysaccharide with a ramified structure. Thus, pectin- and mucilage-free extraction of DNA is a key step for further downstream PCR-b...

We describe a new species of a wild Mexican Opuntia producer of edible acidic prickly pears (xoconostles), locally known as " xoconostle de cerro blanco " (white hillside xoconostle), based on external morphology and micromorphology attributes (mainly characters of the spines). This species is morphologically compared with another four species of w...

We describe a new species of a wild Mexican Opuntia (L.)Mill. (Cactaceae) producer of edible acid fruits (xoconostles), locally known as "xoconostle matizado", based on micromorphology attributes (epidermis, spines, gloquids, pollen and seed) and macromorphology. This species is compared with another three species of wild xoconostles distributed in...

The phylogenetic placement of Nopalxochia phyllanthoides using DNA sequences of two plastid regions is investigated. New data on the micro- and macro-morphology are also presented. Detailed descriptions of habit, vegetative and reproductive structures, as well as micro-morphology of areoles, epidermic cells of the apical and medium part of the spin...

From the cultural point of view, xoconostles have been an important factor of economic livelihood of farmers in semi-arid areas of Mexico, which are used as food and traditional medicine. Unfortunately, wild prickly pear are undergoing a process of rapid and irreversible destruction as a result of the opening of land for cultivation and grazing, am...

Sugarcane (Saccharum spp. Hybrids) is one of the most important industrial crops in Mexico by its yield in field and factory. However, during autumn 2011, red-orange streaks arising from leaf margin and developing downwards of the leaves with discoloration to pale-yellow were observed in ITV 92-1424 cultivar in Zacatepec, Morelos. In order to deter...