Cengiz Acarturk

Jagiellonian University | UJ · Centre for Cognitive Science

The present study introduces the Persian Sentence Reading (PSR) Corpus, aiming to expand empirical data for Persian, an under-investigated language in research on oculomotor control in reading. Reading research has largely focused on Latin script languages with a left-to-right reading direction. However, languages with different reading directions,...

The current study undertakes refixation patterns on words in sentential reading. Utilizing a Linked Linear Mixed Model approach, the analysis focused on words with a single fixation and the first fixation from words with a double fixation. The model findings revealed a relationship between refixation probability and fixation locations, with initial...

Perception of others' actions is crucial for survival, interaction, and communication. Despite decades of cognitive neuroscience research dedicated to understanding the perception of actions, we are still far away from developing a neurally inspired computer vision system that approaches human action perception. A major challenge is that actions in...

In this study, we present TURead, an eye movement dataset of silent and oral sentence reading in Turkish, an agglutinative language with a shallow orthography understudied in reading research. TURead provides empirical data to investigate the relationship between morphology and oculomotor control. We employ a target-word approach in which target wo...

The recent shift towards incorporating implicit measurements into the mind perception studies in social robotics has come along with its promises and challenges. The implicit tasks can go beyond the limited scope of the explicit tasks and increase the robustness of empirical investigations in human-robot interaction (HRI). How-ever, designing valid...

Multifunctional Large-Area Displays (LAD) have become an integral part of modern airplane cockpits, offering pilots flexible access to flight controls and mission-critical information. The modern glass cockpit paradigm is expected to reduce the workload of pilots by reducing the complexity and clutter of traditional cockpit layouts and improve thei...

The IDEST database contains 250 short texts each in one of six original languages (Finnish, French, German, Portuguese, Spanish, Turkish) and their English translations. The texts are 900-1100 characters long narratives written from the first-person perspective. The database contains ratings for valence, arousal, and comprehensibility of the texts...

The acceptance and widespread use of the Android operating system drew the attention of both legitimate developers and malware authors, which resulted in a significant number of benign and malicious applications available on various online markets. Since the signature-based methods fall short for detecting malicious software effectively considering...

We introduce a database (IDEST) of 250 short stories rated for valence, arousal, and comprehensibility in two languages. The texts, with a narrative structure telling a story in the first person and controlled for length, were originally written in six different languages (Finnish, French, German, Portuguese, Spanish, and Turkish), and rated for ar...

The Internet of Things (IoT) has shown significant growth in the past decades. Recently, IoT networks have been subject to cybersecurity threats on multiple fronts. A lack of improvement in IoT infrastructures' cybersecurity may result in challenges with a broad impact, such as DDoS attacks that target global DNS services. This paper reviews existi...

Linguistic principles are crucial in maintaining reliable and transparent communication for dyadic interactions. However, violating these principles might result in unwieldy and problematic communications. We use gaze as a medium to explore how visual attention and task performance changes when conversational violations occur. We conducted an eye-t...

Research into second language (L2) reading is an exponentially growing field. Yet, it still has a relatively short supply of comparable, ecologically valid data from readers representing a variety of first languages (L1). This article addresses this need by presenting a new data resource called MECO L2 (Multilingual Eye Movements Corpus), a rich be...

Scientific studies of language behavior need to grapple with a large diversity of languages in the world and, for reading, a further variability in writing systems. Yet, the ability to form meaningful theories of reading is contingent on the availability of cross-linguistic behavioral data. This paper offers new insights into aspects of reading beh...

In recent years, cyber threats and malicious software attacks have been escalated on various platforms. Therefore, it has become essential to develop automated machine learning methods for defending against malware. In the present study, we propose stacked bidirectional long short-term memory (Stacked BiLSTM) and generative pre-trained transformer...

In daily communication and instructional settings, arrows and spontaneous gestures usually convey similar spatial information to interlocutors. They can visualize spatial information in 2D or 3D space based on shared conceptual and spatial representations. The present study investigates the relationship between spontaneous gestures and arrows from...

Developing natural and intuitive Human Computer Interaction is a primary target of interaction design. The analysis of a user’s engagement to the task is an essential component for the assessment of the interaction for design efficiency. The investigation of task engagement requires considering users’ goal orientation since performance-oriented and...

We report the results of an empirical study on gaze aversion during dyadic human-to-human conversation in an interview setting. To address various methodological challenges in as- sessing gaze-to-face contact, we followed an approach where the experiment was conducted twice, each time with a different set of interviewees. In one of them the intervi...

To mitigate dictionary attacks or similar undesirable automated attacks to information systems, developers mostly prefer using CAPTCHA challenges as Human Interactive Proofs (HIPs) to distinguish between human users and scripts. Appropriate use of CAPTCHA requires a setup that balances between robustness and usability during the design of a challen...

Cyber attacks constitute a significant threat to organizations with implications ranging from economic, reputational, and legal consequences. As cybercriminals' techniques get sophisticated, information security professionals face a more significant challenge to protecting information systems. In today's interconnected realm of computer systems, ea...

Gaze and language are major pillars in multimodal communication. Gaze is a non-verbal mechanism that conveys crucial social signals in face-to-face conversation. However, compared to language, gaze has been less studied as a communication modality. The purpose of the present study is 2-fold: (i) to investigate gaze direction (i.e., aversion and fac...

Malicious software threats and their detection have been gaining importance as a subdomain of information security due to the expansion of ICT applications in daily settings. A major challenge in designing and developing anti-malware systems is the coverage of the detection, particularly the development of dynamic analysis methods that can detect p...

Malicious software threats and their detection have been gaining importance as a subdomain of information security due to the expansion of ICT applications in daily settings. A major challenge in designing and developing anti-malware systems is the coverage of the detection, particularly the development of dynamic analysis methods that can detect p...

Cyber attacks constitute a significant threat to organizations with implications ranging from economic, reputational, and legal consequences. As cybercriminals’ techniques get sophisticated, information security professionals face a more significant challenge to protecting information systems. In today’s interconnected realm of computer systems, ea...

This study addresses maturity and capability assessment of Security Operation Centres (SOC). It aims to contribute to continuous improvement for SOCs by proposing a complementary methodology that provides SOCs a self‐assessment capability. The method basically involves an assessment of the gaps between the current and the desired states of the orga...

Mobile Multimodal Interaction aims at exploiting complementary aspects of human communication capacities and new mobile sensors. Recently, most mobile applications are limited to a basic interaction modality, namely touchscreen, which is subject to restricted interaction under certain situations. In this paper, we present On-the-Fly Interaction Edi...

Reading requires the assembly of cognitive processes across a wide spectrum from low-level visual perception to high-level discourse comprehension. One approach of unraveling the dynamics associated with these processes is to determine how eye movements are influenced by the characteristics of the text, in particular which features of the words wit...

Gaze has a major role in social interaction. As a deictic reference, gaze aims at attracting visual attention of a communication partner to a referred entity in the environment. Gaze direction in natural faces is a well-investigated domain of research at behavioral and neurophysiological levels. However, our knowledge about deictic role of gaze in...

To become an information society, it is required that the citizens have access to information and communication technologies (ICT) in appropriate ways. ICT plays a major role to improve inclusion of various parts of the society (such as children, disabled citizens, and elderly) into daily life. According to reports of WHO, the world population is g...

Recent advances in neuroimaging technologies have rendered multimodal analysis of operators’ cognitive processes in complex task settings and environments increasingly more practical. In this exploratory study, we utilized optical brain imaging and mobile eye tracking technologies to investigate the behavioral and neurophysiological differences amo...

Architectural design is not just a technical process based on problem-solving and representation, but also a social process distributed between architect and non-architect stakeholders. In this study, visual behaviour differences between architects and non-architects during perception, interpretation and evaluation of architectural drawings are ana...

The analysis of dynamic scenes has been a challenging domain in eye tracking research. This study presents a framework, named MAGiC, for analyzing gaze contact and gaze aversion in face-to-face communication. MAGiC provides an environment that is able to detect and track the conversation partner’s face automatically, overlay gaze data on top of the...

The goal of the present study is to contribute to the research on the use of eye tracking in hands-free gaming. We report the results of an experimental study by using a platform game designed by the authors. The game allowed gaze-voice command control, as well touchscreen control of the interface by the player. We employed a set of performance mea...

Deictic Gaze in Virtual Reality Environments Cengiz Acartürk, Efecan Yılmaz 6th Polish Eye Tracking Conference, Warsaw, Poland. Language and vision are two complementary modalities in that both employ deixis in communication. Deictic utterances are necessarily accompanied by other modalities, such as gesture or gaze, to resolve ambiguity in spatial...

Architectural design is not just a technical process based on problem-solving and representation, but also a social process distributed between architect and non-architect stakeholders. In this study, visual behaviour differences between architects and non-architects during perception, interpretation and evaluation of architectural drawings are ana...

Based on research in physical anthropology, we argue that brightness marks the abstract category of gender, with light colours marking the female gender and dark colours marking the male gender. In a set of three experiments, we examine this hypothesis, first in a speeded gender classification experiment with male and female names presented in blac...

Eye Movements in Turkish Reading; Silent Reading; Oral Reading; Perceptual Span; Parafoveal Processing

A Multimodal Framework for Analysing Gaze in Dyadic Communication (MAGiC v1.0) A major challenge for the analyses of gaze behaviour in social settings is to dynamically detect and track objects in the visual environment. In dyadic communication settings, this challenge reduces to a face detection and tracking problem in a video stream. Overlaying...

Multi-authoring has been gaining popularity since the foundation of academic publishers. Today we observe a global trend in favor of multi-authoring. On the other hand, in certain domains, such as CERN collaborations in physics, multi-authoring has a different connotation than other domains. The number of co-authors may be above 5000, an all-time r...

For a language learner, any new word is a pseudoword. A pseudoword is a string of of letters or phonemes that sounds like an existing word in a language, though it has no meaning in the lexicon. On the other hand, speakers are well aware of permissible phonemes, their frequencies and collocations in their language due to the phonotactics inherent i...

Social media posts are usually informal and short in length. They may not always express their sentiment clearly. Therefore, multiple raters may assign different sentiments to a tweet. Instead of employing majority voting which ignores the strength of sentiments, the annotation can be enriched with a confidence score assigned for each sentiment. In...

This study investigates secondary-task interference on eye movements through learning with multimedia. We focus on the relationship between the influence of the secondary task on the eye movements of learners, and the learning outcomes as measured by retention, matching, and transfer. Half of the participants performed a spatial tapping task while...

Gaze information has the potential to benefit Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) tasks, particularly when combined with speech. Gaze can improve our understanding of the user intention, as a secondary input modality, or it can be used as the main input modality by users with some level of permanent or temporary impairments. In this paper we describe...

Multi-modal interfaces that provide haptic access to statistical line graphs combined with verbal assistance are proposed as an effective tool to fulfill the needs of visually impaired people. Graphs do not only present data, they also provide and elicit the extraction of second order entities (such as maxima or trends), which are closely linked to...

Elderly people face problems when using current forms of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Developing novel and natural methods of interaction would facilitate resolving some of those issues. We propose that HCI can be improved by combining communication modalities, in particular, speech and gaze, in various ways. This study presents elderly speech...

Haptic–audio interfaces allow haptic exploration of statistical line graphs accompanied by sound or speech, thus providing access to exploration by visually impaired people. Verbally assisted haptic graph exploration can be seen as a task-oriented collaborative activity between two partners, a haptic explorer and an observing assistant, who are dis...

Extracting eye movement events from raw data has become important upon the introduction of affordable eye trackers. The common approach in current algorithms is that they take into account velocity and position information separately. In this paper, we analyze the pros and cons of the current algorithms and introduce a novel algorithm based on the...

Recent interest towards university rankings has led to the development of several ranking systems at national and global levels. Global ranking systems tend to rely on internationally accessible bibliometric databases and reputation surveys to develop league tables at a global level. Given their access and in-depth knowledge about local institution...

This paper describes a project with the overall goal of providing a natural interaction communication platform accessible and adapted for all users, especially for people with speech impairments and elderly, by sharing knowledge between Industry and Academia. The platform will adopt the princi-ples of natural user interfaces such as speech, silent...

This study describes the basic methodological approach and the results of URAP-TR, the first national ranking system for Turkish universities. URAP-TR is based on objective bibliometric data resources and includes both size-dependent and size-independent indicators that balance total academic performance with performance per capita measures. In the...

Statistical line graphs are widely used in mul-timodal communication settings and they are crucial elements of learning environments. For visually impaired people, haptic-audio interfaces that provide perceptual access to graph-ical representations seem as an effective tool to fulfill these needs. In an experimental study, we investigated referring...

Statistical graphs are tools for multimodal communication in daily life settings. For visually impaired people, haptic interfaces provide perceptual access to the information provided by the graph. Haptic comprehension can be facilitated by audio and verbal assistance. We investigate the circumstances under which verbal assistance facilitates hapti...

Statistical graphs have been designed for accessible use by visually impaired users. Haptic devices provide an appropriate interface for haptic exploration of statistical graphs. However, haptic exploration of statistical graphs reveals a more local and sequential inspection pattern compared to visual exploration. This difference between haptic exp...

In multimodal documents, different types of cohesive or cross-reference link (i.e., signaling) are used in the text to link verbally coded content with the graphical material. In this study, we identify three types of reference, within the framework of previous work on cohesion (Halliday & Hasan, 1976): directive signaling, descriptive signaling, a...

Graphical password is an alternative method of authentication to alphanumerical passwords. From the perspective of research on human memory, it is yet another novel technology that introduces challenges on human memory components. In this study, we aim to investigate the previous findings in human visual memory in the domain of graphical passwords...

Graphs are successful means to present data, in both tasks that of analyzing and that of communicating data. In addition to text-graph documents, in many professional communication and instruction settings, graphs, language, and often gestures accompany each other forming multimodal communication. In the present study, we investigate referring expr...