Casimir A Kulikowski

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Verified

Casimir verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• PhD
• Professor at Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

This describes a project that analyzes and compares the research topics in medical and health informatics emphasized by authors of autobiographical narratives contained in the online IMIA History eBook published in 2021, as the field advanced over the past half century in its international and interdisciplinary dimensions from its early days until...

Due to the success of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in the medical field over the past decade, concerns about the explainability of these systems have increased. The reliability requirements of black-box algorithms for making decisions affecting patients pose a challenge even beyond their accuracy. Recent advances in AI increasingly emp...

Due to the success of artificial intelligence (AI) applications in the medical field over the past decade, concerns about the explainability of these systems have increased. The reliability requirements of black-box led algorithms for making decisions affecting patients pose a challenge even beyond their accuracy. Recent advances in AI increasingly...

Our study contributes to the history of international medical informatics through investigating the thematic evolution of the MEDINFO conferences during a period of consolidation and expansion of the discipline. The themes are examined and potential factors influencing the evolutionary developments are discussed.

Biomedical and Health Informatics (BMHI) have been essential catalysts for achievements in medical research and healthcare applications over the past 50 years. These include increasingly sophisticated information systems and data bases for documentation and processing, standardization of biomedical data, nomenclatures, and vocabularies to assist wi...

Background: Inclusive digital health prioritizes public engagement through digital literacies and internet/web connectivity for advancing and scaling healthcare equitably by informatics technologies. This is badly needed, largely desirable and uncontroversial. However, historically, medical and healthcare practices and their informatics processes a...

As a young pathologist, Donald A.B. Lindberg, M.D., tirelessly sought scientific solutions to clinical and research problems. Directing several clinical laboratories at the University of Missouri in Columbia, Dr. Lindberg developed the world’s first computerized laboratory information system, speeding analysis and reporting. He directed his team in...

As a young pathologist, Donald A.B. Lindberg, M.D., tirelessly sought scientific solutions to clinical and research problems. Directing several clinical laboratories at the University of Missouri in Columbia, Dr. Lindberg developed the world's first computerized laboratory information system, speeding analysis and reporting. He directed his team in...

Background: The worldwide tragedy of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic vividly demonstrates just how inadequate mitigation and control of the spread of infectious diseases can be when faced with a new microorganism with unknown pathogenic effects. Responses by governments in charge of public health, and all o...

The IMIA History project book we are co-editing with colleagues from the IMIA History Working Group includes histories of early contributions to medical and healthcare informatics, as described by a sample of pioneers and experts, detailing how their own ideas developed from their work on various topics in the field at the beginnings of their contr...

Background: As Director of the US National Library of Medicine (NLM) for 30 years, Dr. Donald A. B. Lindberg was instrumental in bringing biomedical research and healthcare worldwide into the age of genomic and translational medicine through the informatics systems developed by the NLM. Lindberg opened free access and worldwide public dissemination...

The roots of interdisciplinary of medical informatics are sought through the analysis of the themes approached by the pioneers of this field. The data included in the study comes mostly from "personal stories" of European these scientists collected by IMIA WG History as well as from some biographical notes. Most researchers came from the technical-...

Background: The rise of biomedical expert heuristic knowledge-based approaches for computational modeling and problem solving, for scientific inquiry and medical decision-making, and for consultation in the 1970’s led to a major change in the paradigm that affected all of artificial intelligence (AI) research. Since then, AI has evolved, surviving...

May 1st, 2017, will mark Dieter Bergemann’s 80th birthday. As Chief Executive Officer and Owner of Schattauer Publishers from 1983 to 2016, the biomedical and health informatics community owes him a great debt of gratitude. The past and present editors of Methods of Information in Medicine, the IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics, and Applied Clin...

Background: It is 50 years since the International Federation of Information Processing (IFIP) Societies approved the formation of a new Technical Committee (TC) 4 on Medical Information Processing under the leadership of Professor Francois Grémy, which was the direct precursor of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA). Objectives...

Background: The 50th Anniversary of IMIA will be celebrated in 2017 at the World Congress of Medical Informatics in China. This takes place 50 years after the International Federation of Information Processing (IFIP) Societies approved the formation of a new Technical Committee (TC) 4 on Medical Information Processing, which was the predecessor of...

Background: It is 50 years since the International Federation of Information Processing (IFIP) Societies approved the formation of a new Technical Committee (TC) 4 on Medical Information Processing under the leadership of Professor Francois Grémy, which was the direct precursor of the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA). Objectiv...

May 1st, 2017, will mark Dieter Bergemann's 80th birthday. As Chief Executive Officer and Owner of Schattauer Publishers from 1983 to 2016, the biomedical and health informatics community owes him a great debt of gratitude. The past and present editors of Methods of Information in Medicine, the IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics, and Applied Clin...

Background: The 50th Anniversary of IMIA will be celebrated in 2017 at the World Congress of Medical Informatics in China. This takes place 50 years after the International Federation of Information Processing (IFIP) Societies approved the formation of a new Technical Committee (TC) 4 on Medical Information Processing, which was the predecessor of...

Background: Medical informatics, or biomedical and health informatics (BMHI), has become an established scientific discipline. In all such disciplines there is a certain inertia to persist in focusing on well-established research areas and to hold on to well-known research methodologies rather than adopting new ones, which may be more appropriate....

The IMIA History Working Group has as its first goal the editing of a volume of contributions from pioneers and leaders in the field of biomedical and health informatics (BMHI) to commemorate the 50th anniversary of IMIA's predecessor IFIP-TC4. This paper describes how the IMIA History WG evolved from an earlier Taskforce, and has focused on produc...

Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) has the potential to save lives in low-income countries. We have developed a computational model and web-based decision support software for comparing cost-benefit tradeoffs from alternative PCV program designs, considering their direct and indirect effects on early childhood populations in resource-poor setting...

Within the large body of biomedical knowledge, recent findings and discoveries are most often presented as research articles. Their number has been increasing sharply since the turn of the century, presenting ever-growing challenges for search and discovery of knowledge and information related to specific topics of interest, even with the help of a...

This article is part of a For-Discussion-Section of Methods of Information in Medicine about the paper "The New Role of Biomedical Informatics in the Age of Digital Medicine" written by Fernando J. Martin-Sanchez and Guillermo H. Lopez-Campos [1]. It is introduced by an editorial. This article contains the combined commentaries invited to independe...

For newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients with a positive biopsy, there are a variety of treatment options to consider. To aid physicians and patients in their decision making, a variety of predictive assays have emerged within the last decade, many of them imaging based. These assays build predictive models for survival analysis to provide pers...

Background Biomedical information and knowledge, structural and non-structural, stored in different repositories can be semantically connected to form a hybrid knowledge network. How to compute relatedness between concepts and discover valuable but implicit information or knowledge from it effectively and efficiently is of paramount importance for...

This article is part of a For-Discussion-Section of Methods of Information in Medicine about the paper "Computational Electrocardiography: Revisiting Holter ECG Monitoring" written by Thomas M. Deserno and Nikolaus Marx. It is introduced by an editorial. This article contains the combined commentaries invited to independently comment on the paper o...

Prostate cancer is a complex disease which advances in stages. While clinical failure (including metastasis) is a significant endpoint following a radical prostatectomy, it can often take years to manifest, usually too late to be optimistically treated. Instead the earlier endpoint of PSA Recurrence is frequently used as a surrogate in prognostic m...

A major focus area for precision medicine is in managing the treatment of newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients. For patients with a positive biopsy, clinicians aim to develop an individualized treatment plan based on a mechanistic understanding of the disease factors unique to each patient. Recently, there has been a movement towards a multi-mo...

The Internet and social media are becoming ubiquitous technologies that are transforming the health sector. Social media has become an avenue for accessing, creating and sharing health information among patients and healthcare professionals. Furthermore, social media has become a key feature in many eHealth solutions, including wearable technologie...

The central challenge in predictive modeling for survival analysis in medical prognostics is managing censored observations. Traditional regression techniques are challenged by these censored samples. In such problems the true target times of a majority of instances are unknown; what is known is a censored target representing some earlier indetermi...

The first generation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Medicine methods were developed in the early 1970's drawing on insights about problem solving in AI. They developed new ways of representing structured expert knowledge about clinical and biomedical problems using causal, taxonomic, associational, rule, and frame-based models. By 1975, several...

We describe statistical methods for managing healthcare costs using peer-group models and outlier detection. A peer group is a collection of similar entities such as patients, physicians, clinics, hospitals or pharmacies. In an empirical study of drug volumes prescribed by physicians, we examined the billing and prescription records for all patient...

In the 1950s, the transistor replaced the vacuum tubes that had empowered Eniac, Colossus, and other early computers in the 1940s. In the 1960s and 1970s, computing moved from slow, expensive mainframes to faster mini- and microcomputers and multiprocessors, empowered by chip technology and integrated circuits, and leveraged by increasingly sophist...

Background: Clinical Trials (CTs) are essential for bridging the gap between experimental research on new drugs and their clinical application. Just like CTs for traditional drugs and biologics have helped accelerate the translation of biomedical findings into medical practice, CTs for nanodrugs and nanodevices could advance novel nanomaterials as...

Purpose: Despite its potential to significantly reduce under-five disease burden, the high price of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) has deterred introduction in many countries. We have developed an interactive, portable health policy analysis software tool capable of modeling the outcomes of different vaccine introduction programs based on cou...

aVICeNa, 2014 numerous languages for the programming, multiprogramming, the operational system the devising of time mass memories and similar". "The basic characteristic is that in them simul-taneously perform more jobs at once, using the technique of work "in the divided time". The deficiency of the previous computers is, that there is time when i...

The book presents an original effort to summarize the basic knowledge about the history of medical informatics and informatics education in Europe and broader, development stages and influence of computer sciences on development of medical informatics. In addition, history and development of medical informatics in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegov...

Contents and first seven chapters of the book available for download.

Health care and information technology in health care is advancing at tremendous speed. We analysed whether the prognoses by Haux et al. - first presented in 2000 and published in 2002 [1] - have been fulfilled in 2013 and which might be the reasons for match or mismatch. Twenty international experts in biomedical and health informatics met in May...

More than 10 years ago Haux et al. tried to answer the question how health care provision will look like in the year 2013. A follow-up workshop was held in Braunschweig, Germany, for 2 days in May, 2013, with 20 invited international experts in biomedical and health informatics. Among other things it had the objectives to discuss the suggested goal...

This paper investigates the effectiveness of a variance-based clustering criterion whose construct is similar to the popular minimum sum-of-squares or k-means criterion, except for two distinguishing characteristics: its ability to discriminate clusters by means of quadratic boundaries and its functional form, for which convexity does not hold. Usi...

The panel intended to collect data, opinions and views for a systematic and multiaxial approach for a comprehensive presentation of "History of Medical Informatics", treating both general (global) characteristics, but emphasizing the particular features for Europe. The topic was not only a subject of large interest but also of great importance in p...

At the meeting of the IMIA Board in 2009 in Hiroshima, it approved an IMIA 50th Anniversary History Project to produce a historical volume and other materials to commemorate the anniversary of the foundation of the predecessor of IMIA-the IFIP-TC4 in 1967. A Taskforce was organized under the direction of Casimir Kulikowski, then the VP for Services...

This article is part of a For-Discussion-Section of Methods of Information in Medicine about the paper "Biomedical Informatics: We Are What We Publish", written by Peter L. Elkin, Steven H. Brown, and Graham Wright. It is introduced by an editorial. This article contains the combined commentaries invited to independently comment on the Elkin et al....

Online learned tracking is widely used for its adaptive ability to handle appearance changes. However, it introduces potential drifting problems due to the accumulation of errors during the self-updating, especially for occluded scenarios. The recent literature demonstrates that appropriate combinations of trackers can help balance the stability an...

With the 50th Anniversary of IMIA approaching in 2017, the IMIA Board approved the creation of a Taskforce for compiling materials and writing a history of the organization. As part of the work of the Taskforce, the authors have developed informatics tools, and begun collecting IMIA-related historical materials from its members, while soliciting pa...

Friedman's article ‘What informatics is and isn't’,1 presents a necessary and timely analysis of the field of informatics. After defining some of its characteristics, training needs and also examples of what it isn't, the author re-introduces what he has called ‘the fundamental theorem of informatics’1—originally formulated for biomedical informati...

The Human Genome Project and the explosion of high-throughput data have transformed the areas of molecular and personalized medicine, which are producing a wide range of studies and experimental results and providing new insights for developing medical applications. Research in many interdisciplinary fields is resulting in data repositories and com...

With these comments on the paper “Spatial-Symbolic Query Engine in Anatomy”, written by Antoine Puget and co-authors, with Dr. James Brinkley as senior author [1], Methods of Information in Medicine wants to stimulate a discussion on new forms of queries, considering anatomic knowledge. An international group of experts has been invited by the edit...

To provide an editorial introduction to the 2012 IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics with an overview of its contents and contributors. A brief overview of the main theme, and an outline of the purposes, contents, format, and acknowledgment of contributions for the 2012 IMIA Yearbook. This 2012 issue of the IMIA Yearbook highlights important devel...

Over the past years, the number of available informatics resources in medicine has grown exponentially. While specific inventories of such resources have already begun to be developed for Bioinformatics (BI), comparable inventories are as yet not available for the Medical Informatics (MI) field, so that locating and accessing them currently remains...

Over a decade ago, nanotechnologists began research on applications of nanomaterials for medicine. This research has revealed a wide range of different challenges, as well as many opportunities. Some of these challenges are strongly related to informatics issues, dealing, for instance, with the management and integration of heterogeneous informatio...

ABSTRACT To understand evolutionary relationships among genes from different organisms is a problem in modeling evolutionary history while solving practical problems related to functional annotation of genes. We have developed automatic method for discovering groups of gene sequences present in different organisms that are functionally related thro...

In this paper, a new Global k-modes (GKM) algorithm is proposed for clustering categorical data. The new method randomly selects a sufficiently large number of initial modes to account for the global distribution of the data set, and then progressively eliminates the redundant modes using an iterative optimization process with an elimination criter...

The AMIA biomedical informatics (BMI) core competencies have been designed to support and guide graduate education in BMI, the core scientific discipline underlying the breadth of the field's research, practice, and education. The core definition of BMI adopted by AMIA specifies that BMI is 'the interdisciplinary field that studies and pursues the...

We address the clustering problem in the context of exploratory data analysis, where data sets are investigated under different and desirably contrasting perspectives. In this scenario where, for flexibility, solutions are evaluated by criterion functions, we introduce and evaluate a generalized and efficient version of the incremental one-by-one c...

Nanoinformatics has recently emerged to address the need of computing applications at the nano level. In this regard, the authors have participated in various initiatives to identify its concepts, foundations and challenges. While nanomaterials open up the possibility for developing new devices in many industrial and scientific areas, they also off...

This paper describes a novel approach to estimate the quality of clustering based on finding a linear ordering for multi-dimensional data by which the clusters of the data fall into intervals on the ordering scale. This permits assessing the result of such local clustering methods like K-means so as to filter inhomogeneous or outlier clusters that...

We present a novel graph-based approach to image segmentation which can be applied to either greyscale or color images. The assumption is that nearby pixels with similar colors or greyscale intensities may belong to the same region or segment of the image. A graph representation for an image is derived from the similarity between the pixels, and th...

Biomedical Informatics (BMI) is a broad discipline, having evolved from both Medical Informatics (MI) and Bioinformatics (BI). An analysis of publications in the fieldshould provide an indication about the geographic distribution of BMI research contributions and possible lessons for the future, both for research and professional practice. In part...

In the past decade, Medical Informatics (MI) and Bioinformatics (BI) have converged towards a new discipline, called Biomedical Informatics (BMI) bridging informatics methods across the spectrum from genomic research to personalized medicine and global healthcare. This convergence still raises challenging research questions which are being addresse...

To discuss international aspects as they relate to the convergence of disciplines in health informatics. A group of international experts was invited at a symposium to present and discuss their perspectives on this topic. These have been collated in a single manuscript. Significant challenges, as well as opportunities, appear when cumulating the in...

Over the next 10 years, more information and communication technology (ICT) will be deployed in the health system than in its entire previous history. Systems will be larger in scope, more complex, and move from regional to national and supranational scale. Yet we are at roughly the same place the aviation industry was in the 1950s with respect to...

To provide an editorial introduction to the 2011 IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics with an overview of its contents and contributors. Methods: A brief overview of the main theme, and an outline of the purposes, contents, format, and acknowledgment of contributions for the 2011 IMIA Yearbook. This 2011 issue of the IMIA Yearbook highlights import...

Online learned tracking is widely used for it’s adaptive ability to handle appearance changes. However, it introduces potential drifting problems due to the accumulation of errors during the self-updating, especially for occluded scenarios. The recent literature demonstrates that appropriate combinations of trackers can help balance stability and f...

In this chapter we introduce a new informatics field called “Nanoinformatics” based on our own research and on consensus work carried out under the auspices of the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) and the European Commission (EC). Nanoinformatics can be defined as the “use of informatics techniques for analyzing and processing information about t...

Tracking of the lung tumor movement in fluoroscopic video sequences is clinically significant and challenging problem due to the blurred appearance, sternum occlusion, and complicate intra- and inter- fractional motion. This introduces landmark ambiguity for accurate contour tracking. As the boundary of the lung, or part of the lung, is usually cle...

Biomedical ontologies have been very successful in structuring knowledge for many different applications, receiving widespread praise for their utility and potential. Yet, the role of computational ontologies in scientific research, as opposed to knowledge management applications, has not been extensively discussed. We aim to stimulate further disc...

Nanomedicine and nanoinformatics are novel disciplines facing substantial challenges. Since nanomedicine involves complex and massive data analysis and management, a new discipline named nanoinformatics is now emerging to provide the vision and the informatics methods and tools needed for such purposes. Methods from biomedi-cal informatics may prov...

A given group of protein sequences of different lengths is considered as resulting from random transformations of independent random ancestor sequences of the same preset smaller length, each produced in accordance with an unknown common probabilistic profile. We describe the process of transformation by a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) which is a direc...

The sparse representation has been widely used in many areas and utilized for visual tracking. Tracking with sparse representation is formulated as searching for samples with minimal reconstruction errors from learned template subspace. However, the computational cost makes it unsuitable to utilize high dimensional advanced features which are ofte...

To provide an editorial introduction to the 2010 IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics with an overview of its contents and contributors. A brief overview of the main theme, and an outline of the purposes, contents, format, and acknowledgment of contributions for the 2010 IMIA Yearbook. This 2010 issue of the IMIA Yearbook highlights important devel...

Five decades of research and practical application of computers in biomedicine has given rise to the discipline of medical informatics, which has made many advances in genomic and translational medicine possible. Developments in nanotechnology are opening up the prospects for nanomedicine and regenerative medicine where informatics and DNA computin...

Accurate tracking of tumor movement in fluoroscopic video sequences is a clinically significant and challenging problem. This is due to blurred appearance, unclear deforming shape, complicate intra- and inter- fractional motion, and other facts. Current offline tracking approaches are not adequate because they lack adaptivity and often require a la...

We present results from a comparative empirical study of two methods for constructing support vector machines (SVMs). The first method is the conventional one based on the quadratic programming approach, which builds the optimal separating hyperplane maximizing the margin between two classes (SVM-Q). The second method is based on the linear program...

To provide an editorial introduction to the 2009 IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics with an overview of its contents and contributors. A brief overview of the main theme, and an outline of the purposes, contents, format, and acknowledgment of contributions for the 2009 IMIA Yearbook. This 2009 issue of the IMIA Yearbook highlights important, bene...

To give an overview of publications directly referencing the International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) in 2008. Systematic search for references to IMIA over the two official IMIA journals, and reports of the recent IMIA General Assembly and Board meetings, using PubMed/Medline, supplemented by searches with Google Scholar and Google Boo...

There are two desirable properties that a pair-wise similarity measure between amino acid sequences should possess in order to produce good performance in protein homology analysis. First, it is the presence of kernel properties that allow using popular and well-performing computational tools designed for linear spaces, like SVM and k-means. Second...

To discuss translational medicine advances challenging biomedical and health informatics. Reviewing material presented at the Heidelberg 35th Anniversary Workshop, summarizing results from the 1st AMIA Summit on Translational Bioinformatics and discussing the opportunities, difficulties, and ethical dilemmas confronting researchers, practitioners,...

One of the fundamental issues in bioinformatics is the problem of choosing a quantitative measure of similarity or dissimilarity between amino-acid sequences, which, in turn, has to be based on measuring the similarities between the amino acids that compose them. Amino acid similarity is traditionally described by a 20x20 square matrix of pairwise...

We present results from a comparative empirical study on the performance of two methods for constructing support vector machines (SVMs). The first method is the conventional one based on the quadratic programming approach, which builds the optimal separating hyperplane maximizing the margin between two classes (optimal SVM). The second method is ba...

We present a novel graph-based approach to image segmentation. The objective is to partition images such that nearby pixels with similar colors or greyscale intensities belong to the same segment. A graph representing an image is derived from the similarity between the pixels and partitioned by a computationally efficient graph clustering method, w...

Graph clustering partitions a graph into subgraphs with strongly interconnected nodes, while nodes belonging to different subgraphs are weakly connected. In this paper, we propose a new clustering method applicable to either weighted or unweighted graphs in which each cluster consists of a highly dense core region surrounded by a region with lower...

To provide an editorial introduction to the 2008 IMIA Yearbook of Medical Informatics with an overview of its contents and contributors. A brief overview of the main theme of "Access to Health Information", and an outline of the purposes, contents, format, and acknowledgment of contributions for the 2008 IMIA Yearbook. This 2008 issue of the IMIA Y...

To introduce the paper by Kuhn et al. "Informatics and Medicine: From Molecules to Populations" and the papers that follow on this special topic in this issue of Methods of Information in Medicine, which opens a debate on the Kuhn et al. paper's assertions by an international panel of invited researchers in biomedical informatics. An introductory s...