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Publications (415)
Personality psychology subdivides the narcissism of healthy persons into the grandiose and the vulnerable types (2 factor model), which can be further described in a more differentiated way with the three personality factors extroversion, intolerance/antagonism and neuroticism (3 factor model). The grandiose and the vulnerable types of narcissism c...
Fragestellung: Das Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist die Konstruktion und Kreuzvalidierung einer neu entwickelten Kurzversion des OPD-Konfliktfragebogens (OPD-KF) anhand von N=5079 Patient:innen einer ambulanten und stationären Stichprobe. Methode: Eine ambulante (N = 2996) und stationäre (N = 2083) Stichprobe wurde für die Kreuzvalidierung in eine...
The transdiagnostic construct of dissociation, characterized by a disintegration of specific psychological functions such as consciousness, memory, identity, perception, body representation, and behavior, remains elusive to a unified conceptualization. Specifically, its dimensionality is a matter of ongoing controversy. Empirical approaches applyin...
Personality psychology subdivides the narcissism of healthy persons into the grandiose and the vulnerable types (2 factor model), which can be further described in a more differentiated way with the three personality factors extroversion, intolerance/antagonism and neuroticism (3 factor model). The grandiose and the vulnerable types of narcissism c...
Zusammenfassung
Empathie als zentrales Element der sozialen Kognition spielt eine entscheidende Rolle in verschiedenen psychosozialen Bereichen und zwischenmenschlichen Dynamiken, insbesondere auch im Kontext von Psychotherapie. Trotz der Kontroverse um eine einheitliche Definition wird Empathie im Allgemeinen als multidimensionales Konzept betrach...
The politically instrumentalized and ideologically framed competitive sports system of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) was not only characterized by a conspiratorial doping practice, especially among minors and young adults, but also comprised other potentially harmful features. The consequences for those affected have so far been insufficient...
Even today people still suffer from the consequences of political repression in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). The so-called Zersetzung (desintegration) was a “quiet” political repression method aimed at neutralizing political enemies by instilling fear and undermining self-confidence.
Although estimates indicate a significant number of indi...
Abstarct
Psychodynamic constructs and psychopathology are closely inter‐related, but more detailed insight is needed. We investigated these complex inter‐relations using network analysis. A Gaussian graphical model in a sample of N = 2232 psychotherapeutic inpatients was estimated. Self‐administered questionnaires to assess interpersonal relations...
Zusammenfassung
Die Qualität der Paarbeziehung eines Menschen spielt eine zentrale Rolle für das individuelle Wohlbefinden sowie die seelische und körperliche Gesundheit. Trotz ihrer großen Bedeutung gibt es nur wenige ultrakurze, d. h. anwendungsökonomische Selbstbeurteilungsverfahren. Die aus vier Items bestehende Kurzversion der Dyadic Adjustmen...
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) play a crucial role as regulators of various biological processes and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of mental disorders such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorders. In this study, we investigate the expression patterns of miRNAs in the PsyCourse Study (n=1,786), contrasting three broad diagnostic groups: Psychotic (Sc...
The classification of personality disorder (PD) is undergoing a paradigm shift in which categorically defined specific PDs are being replaced by dimensionally defined maladaptive trait domains. To bridge the classificatory approaches, this study attempts to use items from the categorical PD model in DSM-IV to measure the maladaptive trait domains d...
Künstlerische Spezialtherapien nutzen ihr jeweiliges Medium, um einen erweiterten Zugang zu intra- und interpersoneller Wahrnehmung zu ermöglichen. Die musiktherapeutische Improvisation als eine der Methoden der Musikpsychotherapie stellt eine Beziehungssituation dar, in der Patient*in und Therapeut*in nonverbal kommunizieren. Die Analyse dieses Ma...
Mindreading ability—also referred to as cognitive empathy or mentalizing—is typically conceptualized as a relatively stable dimension of individual differences in the ability to make accurate inferences about the mental states of others. This construct is primarily assessed using self-report questionnaires and task-based performance measures. Howev...
Mindreading ability—also referred to as cognitive empathy or mentalizing—is typically conceptualized as a relatively stable dimension of individual differences in the ability to make accurate inferences about the mental states of others. This construct is primarily assessed using self-report questionnaires and task-based performance measures. Howev...
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) was introduced in the DSM‐III in 1980. From the DSM‐III to the DSM‐5, no major changes have occurred in its defining criteria. The disorder is characterized by instability of self‐image, interpersonal relationships and affects. Further symptoms include impulsivity, intense anger, feelings of emptiness, strong a...
The classification of personality disorder (PD) is undergoing a paradigm shift in which categorically defined specific PDs are being replaced by dimensionally defined maladaptive trait domains. To bridge the classificatory approaches, this study attempts to use items from the categorical PD model in DSM-IV to measure the maladaptive trait domains d...
In den 1950er und 1960er Jahren wurden in der DDR fast 40.000 Plätze zur wochenweisen Fremdbetreuung von Kindern im Alter zwischen sechs Wochen und drei Jahren geschaffen. Wochenweise bedeutete, dass diese Kinder Tag und Nacht in der Einrichtung verblieben und ein Kontakt zu ihren Eltern nur am Wochenende möglich war. Diese intensive Betreuungsform...
Auch weit mehr als 30 Jahre nach dem Ende der DDR und der SED-Diktatur wirken die Folgen des erlittenen Unrechts in den Betroffenen, aber auch in der Gesellschaft nach. Insbesondere gesundheitliche Folgen haben langfristige Auswirkungen auf die Lebensqualität. Die Autor*innen betrachten neben der Stigmatisierung Betroffener in der Öffentlichkeit au...
Auch weit mehr als 30 Jahre nach dem Ende der DDR und der SED-Diktatur wirken die Folgen des erlittenen Unrechts in den Betroffenen, aber auch in der Gesellschaft nach. Insbesondere gesundheitliche Folgen haben langfristige Auswirkungen auf die Lebensqualität. Die Autor*innen betrachten neben der Stigmatisierung Betroffener in der Öffentlichkeit au...
Background
To test the efficacy of emotion‐centered (EC) versus fact‐centered (FC) written medical information for prostate biopsy to alleviate pain and anxiety in a randomized controlled trial.
Methods
In a single‐center, single‐blinded study participants were randomized to receive FC or EC (DRKS00022361; 2020). In the EC, the focus was on possib...
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Eine umfangreiche oder andauernde institutionalisierte Betreuung in den ersten Lebensjahren (etwa in Heimen) ist mit einem erhöhten Risiko für spätere psychische Erkrankungen assoziiert. Die Annahmen der Bindungstheorie können für ein Verständnis dieses Zusammenhangs hilfreich sein. In einer Stichprobe von Personen, die...
Background
Previous research has shown that the more people believe their emotions are controllable and useful (BECU), the less they generally report psychological distress. Psychological distress, in turn, impacts health outcomes, and is among the most frequently reported complaints in psychotherapeutic and psychosomatic practice.
Objective
We ai...
Objective:
Disorganized attachment represents the greatest risk factor for psychopathology compared to the "organized" insecure attachment dimensions in various meta-analyses. Recently, the Adult Disorganized Attachment Scale (ADA) was developed as a self-rating scale for measuring disorganized attachment in romantic partnerships. However, a trans...
Personality functioning (PF) is a central construct in many theories of personality pathology. Based on psychodynamic theories, two screening questionnaires to assess PF are widely used: The Inventory of Personality Organization-16 item version and the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnosis-Structure Questionnaire Short Form. This study aimed to e...
Background
Reliable outcome data of psychosomatic inpatient and day hospital treatment with a focus on psychotherapy are important to strengthen ecological validity by assessing the reality of mental health care in the field. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of inpatient and day hospital treatment in German university departments of Ps...
Attachment insecurity is important for psychotherapy both as an aspect influencing the therapeutic process as well as potential outcome variable of a treatment. Two German short forms of the Experiences in Close Relationships - Revised (ECR-R) have been proposed to assess individual differences in attachment anxiety and avoidance. In this research,...
Lithium is regarded as the first-line treatment for bipolar disorder (BD), a severe and disabling mental health disorder that affects about 1% of the population worldwide. Nevertheless, lithium is not consistently effective, with only 30% of patients showing a favorable response to treatment. To provide personalized treatment options for bipolar pa...
Background
Subjective tinnitus, from which about 20–25% of the population suffer from acute forms and 4% from chronic forms, comprises an auditory perception without an externally recognizable sound source. Although the current guidelines for tinnitus treatment also recommend psychosomatic diagnosis and, if necessary, (co)treatment, to date there h...
Zusammenfassung
Ziel der Studie Das sozioökologische Modell betont die Relevanz politischer, kultureller und ökonomischer Sozialisationseffekte für die Prävalenz von Kindesmisshandlungen. Diese werden durch einen Vergleich von Kindesmisshandlungen zwischen ost- und westdeutschen Probanden, die vor der Wende volljährig wurden, untersucht.
Methodik E...
Introduction
Dissociative symptoms are highly prevalent in patients with trauma-related disorders such as borderline personality disorder (BPD) and posttraumatic-stress disorder (PTSD), and also occur in patients with depressive disorders. Acute dissociative states are theorized to be stress-related, and some individuals experience recurring patter...
Purpose:
Fear of cancer progression and recurrence (FoP) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) are syndromes commonly seen in cancer patients. This study applied network analysis to investigate how symptoms of both concepts are interconnected.
Methods:
We used cross-sectional data from hematological cancer survivors. A regularized Gaussian grap...
Existing guidelines recommend psychopharmacological treatment for the management of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder as part of holistic treatment concepts. About half of the patients do not take their medication regularly, although treatment adherence can prevent exacerbations and re-hospitalizations. To date, the relationship between medication...
Importance:
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) affects approximately 0.7% to 2.7% of adults in the US. The disorder is associated with considerable social and vocational impairments and greater use of medical services.
Observations:
Borderline personality disorder is characterized by sudden shifts in identity, interpersonal relationships, and...
Lithium is regarded as the first-line treatment for bipolar disorder (BD), a severe and disabling mental disorder that affects about 1% of the population worldwide. Nevertheless, lithium is not consistently effective, with only 30% of patients showing a favorable response to treatment. To provide personalized treatment options for bipolar patients,...
As core symptoms of schizophrenia, cognitive deficits contribute substantially to poor outcomes. Early life stress (ELS) can negatively affect cognition in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls, but the exact nature of the mediating factors is unclear. Therefore, we investigated how ELS, education, and symptom burden are related to cogni...
Etiological theories on the development of psychopathology often incorporate adverse childhood experiences (ACE) as an important contributing factor. Recent studies suggest personality functioning (PF; i.e., stability of the self and interpersonal relationships) as an important transdiagnostic construct that could be useful in better understanding...
Background
Attachment research has empirically shown that early relationship experiences are highly relevant not only for the psychosocial but also for the physical development. While associations between the dimensions anxiety and avoidance of “organized” insecure attachment and physical illness are well established, studies on the characteristics...
This study examines the coping capacities of families during the Covid-19 lockdown in relation to their material and social resources. Specifically, we examine (1) how familial modes of living changed during the lockdown; (2) how the affected families coped with these changes; and (3) how families' coping strategies were influenced by their social...
Importance:
No clinically applicable diagnostic test exists for severe mental disorders. Lipids harbor potential as disease markers.
Objective:
To define a reproducible profile of lipid alterations in the blood plasma of patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) independent of demographic and environmental variables and to investigate its specificity in...
Introduction:
Germany is one of the few countries with a medical specialty of psychosomatic medicine and psychotherapy and many treatment resources of this kind.
Objective:
This observational study describes the psychosomatic treatment programs as well as a large sample of day-hospital and inpatients in great detail using structured diagnostic i...
The International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) features a new classification of personality disorders (PD), focusing on the severity of PD. Although there are numerous self-report measures that assess PD severity, to date only the Personality Disorder Severity-ICD-11 (PDS-ICD-11) is based on ICD-11's operationalization of PD. Initial results...
The diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are based on clinical assessments of symptoms. In this pilot study, we applied high-throughput antibody-based protein profiling to serum samples of healthy controls and individuals with SCZ and BD with the aim of identifying differentially expressed proteins in these disorder...
Purpose: Cancer is associated with fears related to cancer progression (FoP), but may also result in extensive worries related to all areas of daily life implying symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Specific treatment approaches require proper differential-diagnostic, but relevant research is sparse. We applied network analysis to inves...
Objectives: Considering direct and indirect evidence of associations between deficits in personality functioning and high somatic morbidity, our exploratory study determined whether and, if so, which physical illnesses may be associated with impairments in personality functioning. Method: A large sample of diagnostically heterogeneous psychotherapy...
Background
Empirical findings suggest that attachment in adulthood is characterized by both global and relationship-specific aspects; however, to date the extent to which global and specific attachment strategies differ with respect to their associations with mental health has not been sufficiently examined.Methods
In a convenience sample (N = 622;...
Zusammenfassung
Die hohe Relevanz früher Beziehungserfahrungen für die psychosoziale Entwicklung des Säuglings bzw. Kindes ist von der Bindungstheorie elaboriert und von der Bindungsforschung eindrucksvoll empirisch belegt worden. Auch die körperliche Reifung und Ausdifferenzierung biologischer Systeme werden von Beziehungserfahrungen geprägt. Glei...
Objective:
Although traumatic stress including childhood maltreatment (CM) has a profound impact on mental health, its relation to pathological skin picking (PSP) has been understudied and results remain inconclusive. Likewise, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as the most typical sequelae of traumatic stress has hardly been investigated in tho...
The ICD-11 features a new classification of personality disorders (PD), focusing on the severity of PD. Although there are numerous self-report measures that assess PD severity, to date only the Personality Disorder Severity ICD-11 (PDS-ICD-11) is based on ICD-11’s operationalization of PD. Initial results indicated that the PDS-ICD-11 measures a u...
Zusammenfassung
Geschlechtsunterschiede in Bindungsmerkmalen wurden bislang wenig explizit berücksichtigt. Die vorliegende Studie widmet sich dieser Thematik, einschließlich der Vergleiche von unterschiedlichen Altersgruppen sowie von klinischen und nichtklinischen Teilstichproben. Es handelt sich um die Reanalyse von 4 Datensätzen – jeweils einer...
Biological research and clinical management in psychiatry face two major impediments: the high degree of overlap in psychopathology between diagnoses and the inherent heterogeneity with regard to severity. Here, we aim to stratify cases into homogeneous transdiagnostic subgroups using psychometric information with the ultimate aim of identifying in...
IMPORTANCE No clinically applicable diagnostic test exists for severe mental disorders. Lipids harbor potential as disease markers.
OBJECTIVE To define a reproducible profile of lipid alterations in the blood plasma of patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) independent of demographic and environmental variables and to
investigate its specificity in ass...
Objectives: The relationship between patients' attachment strategies and the effectiveness of psychotherapy is empirically well established. However, studies on outcome measures other than symptomatic change are mostly lacking. The present study investigates if attachment anxiety and avoidance predict changes in personality functioning at the end o...
Reliability and validity of the OPD-conflict-questionnaire in an inpatient treatment sample Objectives: Unconscious conflicts are a major part of psychodynamic diagnostics. Benecke et al. (2018) developed the OPD-conflict-questionnaire (OPD-CQ) to assess unconscious conflicts according to the Operationalized Psychodynamic Diagnostics (OPD) via self...
Parental stress has negative impact on parents and their children. Parental stress may be of special interest for family and child well-being due to Covid-19 pandemic. A reliable and valid assessment of parental stress would be beneficial both in research and clinical practice. The Parental Stress Scale (PSS) is internationally well established as...
Introduction
According to the World Health Organization, medication adherence is defined as the extent to which a person's behavior corresponds with an agreed recommendation from a healthcare provider. Approximately 50% of patients do not take their medication as prescribed, and non-adherence can contribute to the progress of a disease. For patient...
Objective
The prevalence of pathological skin-picking (PSP) has predominantly been studied in students and the community, but not yet in dermatological patients. However, those may be at increased risk of PSP because it is often triggered by the feel or look of the skin. Thus, its prevalence among patients with a physician-diagnosed dermatological...
Zusammenfassung
Die Funktionalität des Systems Familie spielt nicht nur in der Entwicklungspsychologie und Familienforschung, sondern auch bei vielen körperlichen Erkrankungen und psychischen Störungen eine zentrale Rolle. Trotz dieser hohen Relevanz existieren nur sehr wenige ultra-kurze, d. h. anwendungsökonomische Selbstbeurteilungsverfahren, di...
Impact of dissociative phenomena on treatment outcome of inpatient psychotherapy of patients with borderline personality disorder Objectives: Although dissociative phenomena belong to the diagnostic criteria of borderline personality disorder (BPD) and are of high clinical relevance, their predictive significance with regard to the treatment outcom...
As early detection of symptoms in the subclinical to clinical psychosis spectrum may improve health outcomes, knowing the probabilistic susceptibility of developing a disorder could guide mitigation measures and clinical intervention. In this context, polygenic risk scores (PRSs) quantifying the additive effects of multiple common genetic variants...
Background
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, with its impact on our way of life, is affecting our experiences and mental health. Notably, individuals with mental disorders have been reported to have a higher risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2. Personality traits could represent an important determinant of preven...
The Reflective Functioning Questionnaire (RFQ) is an 8-item self-report measure of reflective functioning that is presumed to capture individual differences in hypo- and hypermentalizing. Despite its broad acceptance by the field, we argue that the validity of the measure is not well-established. The current research elaborates on problems of the R...
Background
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, with all its impacts on our way of life, is affecting our experiences and mental health. Notably, individuals with mental disorders have been reported to have a higher risk of contracting SARS-CoV-2. Personality traits could represent an important determinant of preventative health behavior and, therefore, the ri...
Executive functions are metacognitive capabilities that control and coordinate mental processes. In the transdiagnostic PsyCourse Study, comprising patients of the affective-to-psychotic spectrum and controls, we investigated the genetic basis of the time course of two core executive subfunctions: set-shifting (Trail Making Test, part B (TMT-B)) an...
Background: Access to outpatient mental healthcare can be challenging for patients. In Germany, a national structural reform was implemented in 2017 to accelerate and enhance access to outpatient psychotherapy and reduce waiting times. During the first phase of the study ’Evaluation of a structural reform of the outpatient psychotherapy guideline (...
Die phänomenologisch heterogenen und eher unscharf definierten dissoziativen Symptome gehören nicht nur zu den diagnostischen Kriterien der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS), sondern sind auch mit autoaggressiven Handlungen, erhöhtem Inanspruchnahmeverhalten und schlechteren Therapieergebnissen assoziiert. Obwohl sich die deutlich besser oper...
Die phänomenologisch heterogenen und eher unscharf definierten dis-soziativen Symptome gehören nicht nur zu den diagnostischen Kriterien der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS), sondern sind auch mit autoaggressiven Handlungen, erhöhtem Inanspruchnahmeverhalten und schlechteren Therapieergebnissen assoziiert. Obwohl sich die deutlich besser ope...
Zusammenfassung
Trotz der hohen Relevanz dissoziativer Phänomene bei der Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung (BPS) ist das Konzept der pathologischen Dissoziation bisher kaum in diesem Kontext untersucht worden. Zur Operationalisierung von pathologischer Dissoziation wurden diverse Indizes vorgeschlagen, deren klinische Nützlichkeit in der vorliegend...
Das transdiagnostische Konzept der Ich- bzw. Persönlichkeitsstruktur spielt in der psychodynamischen Krankheitslehre eine zentrale Rolle, gelten doch viele psychische und psychoso-matische Störungen als Ausdruck struktureller Vulnerabilitäten und Defizite. Daher kommt der Strukturdiagnostik eine besondere Bedeutung zu, gerade unter differenzialindi...
Objective:
Evidence suggests that childhood maltreatment (CM) is cross-sectionally and prospectively associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, its association with proxy markers of atherosclerosis has hardly been investigated. Thus, in this general population study, CM was related to carotid plaque and intima-media thickness (cIMT)....
The Alternative DSM-5 Model of Personality Disorders describes the level of personality functioning, defined by impairments in self functioning (self pathology) and problems in interpersonal functioning (interpersonal pathology), as the core feature of all personality disorders. A brief self-report measure to assess the level of personality functio...
Psychometric evaluation of the Experiences in Close Relationships Revised German 12-item version (ECR-RD 12) in a sample of psychotherapeutic inpatientsObjectives: The ECR-R assesses the self-description of adult attachment strategies in romantic relationships. The present study evaluates the psychometric properties of the German 12-item short vers...
Background: Cumulative evidence suggests that both traumatic stress and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are cross-sectionally and prospectively linked to cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, their association with proxy markers of atherosclerosis has hardly been investigated.
Objective: The objective of this general population study was to r...
Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are associated with an increased risk of major depressive disorder (MDD) and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis dysregulation. Within the HPA axis, corticotropin-releasing hormone and vasopressin (AVP) synergistically stimulate the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone, which promotes cortisol...
