Carolina Guzmán-ValenzuelaUniversity of Tarapacá | UTA · Facultad de Educación y Humanidades
Carolina Guzmán-Valenzuela
PhD in Education
Professor of higher education at the Universidad de Tarapacá, Chile.
About
52
Publications
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Introduction
I am interested in the study of higher education. For the last ten years, I have been conducting research on (i) academic identities and (ii) the role of the universities in the twenty-first century and their relationship to the state and the market.
Topics that have been attracting my attention recently include (a) the impact that neoliberal policies have had on academics and universities, (b) the public/private divide in universities and c) the North-South divide and the construction of knowledge in higher education.
Separately, I am also interested in (iii) the theorization of qualitative research and in its contribution in building new theories in education.
Additional affiliations
November 2019 - December 2020
November 2018 - May 2020
July 2014 - November 2018
Education
October 2003 - May 2010
Publications
Publications (52)
In highly marketised higher education systems, massification has afforded greater access, particularly for first-in-generation students. Generally, this expansion has been fuelled by neoliberal ideologies that valorise the notion of choice and promise of social mobility. In this study, using interviews with 25 first-generation students, the issue o...
In highly marketised higher education systems, massification has afforded greater access, particularly for first-in-generation students. Generally, this expansion has been fuelled by neoliberal ideologies that valorise the notion of choice and promise of social mobility. In this study, using interviews with 25 first-generation students, the issue o...
This paper examines patterns of knowledge production in the social sciences (SS) and in the arts and humanities (A&H) in Latin America (LATAM). We report on a longitudinal analysis of 127,515 journal articles published between 2002 and 2018. The analysis reveals six major patterns: (i) a rapid growth in the production of journal articles; (ii) larg...
In this chapter, the distinction between ‘cosmopolitan’ and ‘local’ established by Gouldner in the 1950s is used to examine universities in the context of global higher education systems. It is suggested here that cosmopolitan universities are research-oriented and enjoy international visibility, wealth, and prestige. Although being a cosmopolitan...
In this review of The Bloomsbury Handbook of the Internationalization of Higher Education in the Global South, Carolina Guzmán-Valenzuela discusses why this book might come to be considered a first port-of-call for recognising that internationalisation of higher education is a narrative firmly rooted in western ideologies and which serves as a tota...
Purpose
This paper aims to propose a thesis about the historical evolution of the relationship of the European University in relation to the idea of social responsibility.
Design/methodology/approach
This paper is philosophical, conceptual and theoretical and in proffering a bold thesis, has an argumentative character appropriate to that style.
F...
Since the colonial era, Latin American universities have been subjected to narratives about what it means to be a university. Drawing on the concept of coloniality, this paper examines curricular and teaching practices in higher education that aim to decolonise Latin American universities, a particular topic that has been under-investigated. By mea...
In a context where learning mediated by technology has gained prominence in higher education, learning analytics has become a powerful tool to collect and analyse data with the aim of improving students' learning. However, learning analytics is part of a young community and its developments deserve further exploration. Some critical stances claim t...
This special issue of SOTL in the South tackles the internationalisation of the scholarship of teaching and learning in the global South. In examining internationalisation as a means of driving globalisation, there is a group of forces that work together in a complex intersection that involve financial, military, environmental, migratory, technolog...
Hiring academics from abroad is one of the strategies that contemporary universities employ to become international institutions. At the same time, a growing number of academics are considering a wider range of academic opportunities, which has contributed to an increase in transnational academic mobility. However, most universities are not yet pre...
Using the brands of universities which generate income from student fees, edtech and online programme management providers in partnership with universities have already opened a new page in the de-professionalisation and fragmentation of academic labour, casualising higher education work and creating more low-paid insecure jobs.
In Chile, higher education is characterised by a constellation of features that make ‘public’ a multiplicitous idea. In the present study, academics in two public universities are seen to hold strong views in favour of public universities playing public roles and they identify several public goods that they value. These academics also hold ambivale...
En este artículo, se examina la producción de conocimiento en Latinoamérica sobre lo que se conoce en la literatura internacional como ‘las experiencias del estudiante’ (‘the student experience’ en inglés). Este constructo ha sido investigado en Reino Unido mientras que, en Estados Unidos, ‘student engagament’ ha ganado terreno. A pesar de que en L...
This article discusses the role of the media and academic experts in the configuration of educational policy in a neoliberal context. The analysis is based on the discourse on the public/private divide in higher education scrutinising the opinion columns of El Mercurio, a major Chilean newspaper. The authors identify the discursive disappearance of...
In this paper, the public dimension of universities in Chile is examined. Interviews were held with academics at both public and private well-established universities and new private universities. The analysis shows a consensus regarding the production of certain public goods such as knowledge, wider access and the promotion of a public sphere. It...
This special issue celebrates research in the higher education field with an interest in non-Western lines of inquiry. The six papers here emerge from Latin-America, Spain, the USA and India and draw on multiple perspectives and methodologies. They address tensions and challenges in higher education systems that experienced in concrete contexts and...
In this chapter, collaboration in the construction of knowledge in higher education between academics located in the North and in the South as part of internationalisation processes in universities is critically examined. By analysing patterns of publication of papers in journals in higher education in Latin America, attention is paid to the geopol...
The relationship between theory and qualitative research has been extensively examined in the literature and has emerged as a problematic matter. This debate has been driven forward mainly in Anglo-Saxon countries and has done scant justice to an understanding of these issues in regions of the South. This paper addresses this matter by drawing on a...
In a globalized world of knowledge production, issues arise as to the presence of, and relationships between, different regions of the world. A particular issue is that of the presence of peripheral regions such as Latin America. The focus here is research into higher education reforms and, by using bibliometrics, a word frequency analysis and a th...
In the last few decades, many developing countries have dramatically expanded the number of government-sponsored fellowships for graduate studies abroad to increase their participation in the knowledge economy. To award these grants, these programs have typically relied on international university rankings as their main selection criterion. Existin...
La masificación del sistema de educación superior es una de las tendencias globales que más impacto ha tenido en Latinoamérica. Este fenómeno ha generado debate en torno a quiénes ofrecen este servicio (el estado y/o el sector privado), cuál es el rol del estado y de los estudiantes en el financiamiento, cuestiones de calidad educativa y el desafío...
Drawing on de Sousa Santos’s work on ‘Epistemologies of the South’ (2014), this paper critically examines the patterns of publication in higher education studies in mainstream and non-mainstream journals in Latin-American between 2000 and 2015. An analysis of 1,370 papers – 130 indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) core collection indexes and 1,240 i...
This chapter stresses that which LA universities have in common, both in their historical roots, and the ideas about the university as an institution that nowadays predominate in shaping their identities and missions. We are mindful, however, that universities in LA are many and diverse, and that commonalities discussed here may give the impression...
Over recent decades, research and scholarship on teaching and learning in higher education have focused on (i) how to promote student learning in tertiary education through good teaching practices and (ii) on teaching and learning as an area of study of its own. However, there is a meta-component that needs to come into play: (iii) the geopolitics...
El estudio buscó comprender el sentido y utilidad dado por los estudiantes de primer año de la educación superior (RM) y sus familias (padre/madre o tutor responsable) a los indicadores de acreditación institucional y de carrera en su elección al proseguir estudios terciarios. El diseño del estudio fue cualitativo, con entrevistas semi-estructurada...
In this poster we characterize, compare, and contrast academic and learning management system (LMS) data from first year students enrolled in a School of Engineering and in a School of Education. Both schools, each of which belongs to a different research university in Chile, have constructed statistical models for understanding and predicting acad...
This paper elaborates a typology of universities in which each university is characteristically associated with (i) diverse missions, (ii) different ways of producing knowledge and (iii) contrasting pedagogical configurations. Four university forms are identified, analysed and illustrated, namely the expert university, the non-elite university, the...
En este artículo se presenta un estado del arte sobre el vínculo docencia-investigación en la educación de pregrado. En primer lugar, se presentan sintéticamente los principales resultados de investigación en el área. En esta sección se distinguen tres momentos claves: estudios cuantitativos – realizados en los años 90 – que encontraron que no habí...
This conceptual paper tackles the matter of teaching in higher education and proposes a concept of ‘horizons of teaching’. It firstly offers an overview of the considerable empirical literature around teaching—especially conceptions of teaching, approaches to teaching and teaching practices—and goes on to pose some philosophical and social theoreti...
Massification is one of the global trends in higher education with more impact on the Latin American region. It has promoted discussion around the public/private divide in the provision of higher education, the role of the state and students infinancing higher education studies, issues regarding quality, and challenges about how to teach students w...
This chapter examines two different research approaches in education, namely “academic research” (rooted in theory) and “practitioner research” (rooted in practices), and some tensions that might arise from this distinction. It is suggested that the relationships between these two types of research are fuzzy, and that hybrid research studies (a mix...
World University News article
The implementation of free higher education is opening up a series of large challenges that need to be addressed through longer-term public policies. It is just a first step in doing justice to higher education as a social right; and this principle challenges trends that, worldwide, are advancing the marketisation of...
This paper presents an analysis of the ways in which academics build their identities in a Chilean university. Being an academic involves both an ontological status (who the academic is) and, the tasks attached to the role. This study uses a qualitative approach through which 20 interviews with academics of diverse characteristics were conducted. A...
This paper presents an analysis of the ways in which academics build their identities in a Chilean university. Being an academic involves both an ontological status (who the academic is) and, the tasks attached to the role. This study uses a qualitative approach through which 20 interviews with academics of diverse characteristics were conducted. A...
When talking about students' experiences it is sensible to distinguish between learning experiences that range from the traditional academic perspective to a more social perspective that involves becoming a citizen of both a local and a global world.
Drawing upon perspectives from diverse disciplines, this paper critically examines some taken-for-granted definitions about what is understood by ‘public’ and its relation to universities. It highlights the need to uncover assumptions and value orientations that are at the basis of these definitions and that tend to guide both conceptualizations an...
En este artículo se proponen e ilustran los conceptos de polo epistemológico I (cercano a los marcos teóricos del investigador)y polo epistemológico II (cercano a la perspectiva de los participantes de una realidad educativa). Se plantea queel tránsito constante y permanente entre ambos polos y la puesta en marcha del mecanismo de vigilancia episte...
Higher education and the institution of the university exist in time, their essential nature now continually subject to change: change in students, in knowledge, in structure and in their own communities and those they service. These changes are accompanied by a quickening of time, leading to a heightened intensity of academic life. Yet the nature...
Cuando nos situamos desde paradigmas que conciben la realidad como cambiante, rica e incluso contradictoria, se hace necesario utilizar métodos que logren captar dicha complejidad y que van más allá de las descripciones y explicaciones monolíticas. Es esta triple condición de complejidad —la de una(s) realidad(es) social(es) compleja(s), la de una...
Em sua prática docente inicial, os professores universitários geralmente vivenciam dificuldades relacionadas a como promover a aprendizagem dos alunos (por exemplo, como planejar uma aula, usar os recursos pedagógicos e avaliar a aprendizagem). A maneira como os novos professores enfrentam e abordam essas dificuldades afeta a evolução de suas carre...
In countries such as Chile in which a neoliberal economic approach is predominant, higher education systems are characterized by productivity, competition for resources and income generation, all of which have impact on academics' experiences of time. Through a qualitative approach in which 20 interviews and two focus groups were conducted, this st...
This article presents a qualitative study that describes and analyzes beliefs regarding the teaching/learning processes of teachers considered exemplary in high-risk secondary schools in Valparaíso, Chile. Beliefs are unelaborated ideas that form part of teacher knowledge, that do not enjoy rational or scientific justification, and that influence t...
Academics are confronted with multiple and conflicting narratives as to what it is to be an academic. Their identities, however, are not entirely of their own making. Through a qualitative study, and deploying a social realist perspective, this paper analyses academic identities in Chile and attempts to locate the patterns of identity in the contex...
Dominant conceptions of teaching in higher education imply that, essentially, there are two types of teaching approaches: the ‘content’ and the ‘student-focused’ approach. Against that background, this paper has a dual purpose. On the one hand, it initiates a critique of the contemporary teaching approaches framework. On the other hand, it offers s...
The main purpose of this investigation was to analyze teachers' beliefs in the teaching practice's basis of 3 novel proficient teachers in San Antonio School located in Villa Alemana. Under a qualitative approach, the information was gathered through a set of 2 interviews done to each of the teachers and 8 passive observations in the classroom. Fro...
Em sua prática docente inicial, os professores universitários geralmente vivenciam dificuldades relacionadas a como promover a aprendizagem dos alunos (por exemplo, como planejar uma aula, usar os recursos pedagógicos e avaliar a aprendizagem). A maneira como os novos professores enfrentam e abordam essas dificuldades afeta a evolução de suas carre...
This article describes and analyzes the reflective processes that take place in the practical teaching of two beginning university teachers. Novice university teachers are at a crucial stage in their teaching career as their teaching knowledge is being developed while they face several challenges. Through this qualitative research, the teaching pra...
This study addresses how university teaching as a craft is learnt and developed. More specifically, the analysis examines how beginning university teachers begin to develop and reinforce teaching practices that encourage student learning. A qualitative research approach has been used, looking at two beginning university teachers from different disc...
Projects
Projects (3)
To examine how knowledge production and research collaboration are configured in Latin American universities from a geopolitical perspective (2002-2018).
This project is supported by ANID-Chile, Fondecyt Project 1200633. PI: Dr Carolina Guzmán-Valenzuela.
El estudio busca comprender el sentido y utilidad dado por los estudiantes (1er año 2016) de la educación superior (RM) y sus familias (padre/madre o tutor responsable) a los indicadores de acreditación institucional y de carrera en su elección al proseguir estudios terciarios. Chile ha expandido su matrícula terciaria en un contexto de mercado en los últimos 25 años, pero con importante y central apoyo estatal a través de ayudas estudiantiles o aval de créditos bancarios (CAE). La principal regulación y rendición de cuentas del sistema ha sido, desde 2004 a la fecha, el sistema de Aseguramiento de la Calidad (AC), vinculándose la acreditación institucional a la obtención de ayudas estudiantiles. A través del AC y la acreditación el Estado ha buscado, entre otros fines, una mayor información y racionalización de la elección de los estudiantes, considerando la gran diversidad vertical y horizontal del sistema. Este sistema de rendición de cuentas ha sido objeto de cuestionamientos e incluso de investigaciones judiciales. En tal contexto, hay evidencia indirecta que sugiere que la acreditación institucional y de carrera no es relevante en la toma de decisiones de los estudiantes chilenos. Este proyecto se propone comprender la racionalidad electiva de los estudiantes y sus familias, indagando el sentido y utilidad atribuido por ellos a estos mecanismos. Los resultados esperan aportar al desarrollo del sistema de Aseguramiento de la Calidad, en particular a la acreditación, y serán publicados en revistas académicas.
El objetivo general es comprender el sentido y la utilidad que los estudiantes chilenos de 1er año (2016) y sus familias le dan a la acreditación al momento de elegir la institución y carrera de educación superior en la cual continuar sus estudios.
El diseño del estudio es cualitativo, elaborando un muestreo selectivo de jóvenes y sus familias que considere variabilidad institucional (la institución más representativa de cada categoría y la carrera con más postulaciones), de clase (1ra generación ES / 2da generación) y de sexo; incorporando en la muestra, sin ser exhaustiva, diversidad de origen regional y estructura familiar (familias monoparentales, lideradas por padre, madre y biparentales). Se busca entrevistar (entrevista en profundidad) a un total de 36 personas entre padres y estudiantes. El diseño metodológico busca concentrar el estudio en las elecciones prototípicas y masivas y no en las particulares.
Los resultados esperados son la interpretación prototípica de la elección y tipológica (tipos de elector), en un sentido sociológico, vinculada con las transformaciones contemporáneas de la ES local.
