Carolina Gonzálvez

• Ph.D. Educational Research
• Professor at University of Alicante

The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between multidimensional perfectionism and school-related stress sources and manifestations in child population using a person-centered approach. The sample consisted of 759 students aged between 8 and 12 years old (M =9.68, SD =1.24). The Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale and the School...

The study aimed to translate, culturally adapt and validate the Spanish version of the Assessing Reasons for School Non-attendance (ARSNA) originally developed by Havik, Bru and Ertesvåg in 2015 to assess the reasons for school absence in adolescents. We used the back-translation method to translate and adapt the instrument without substantially al...

Objective: This study examines the prediction of high equality scores between hearing people and those with hearing disabilities, according to the type of relationship existing between them. Theoretical Framework: Inequality regarding hearing-impaired individuals is a challenge that must be addressed by society to ensure that this population enjoys...

The use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) has been increasing in education. Despite its benefits, not everyone perceives its use with the same ease. This raises the need to observe the perceived ease of use (PEOU) of ICT among future teachers, which requires a valid and reliable instrument to measure this variable for the Spanish...

El rechazo escolar acarrea serias implicaciones para el rendimiento académico, la relación con la escuela y el bienestar emocional. Según el modelo propuesto por Kearney y Silverman (1990), se pueden identificar cuatro condiciones que lo explican: I. Evitar situaciones escolares que causan emociones negativas; II. Evitar interacciones sociales o ev...

School refusal is a serious problem that negatively affects academic performance, connection to school, and socioemo- tional well‐being of students. Numerous scientific works have suggested that school refusal is associated with internalizing problems. However, it is necessary to determine how this condition may affect certain academic variables, s...

Los problemas de asistencia escolar se refieren a la manifestación de cualquier tipo de conducta que refleje rechazo a asistir a la escuela, considerándose tanto la actitud negativa ante la obligatoriedad de asistir a la escuela como la acción de ausentarse de manera parcial o completa de la jornada escolar. A pesar de que la legislación española r...

INTRODUCCIÓN. La educación artística influye beneficiosamente en el desarrollo integral del ser humano. Sin embargo, existe una carencia por lo que respecta a su investigación, como también lo es respecto al conocimiento de estas ventajas. Por ese motivo, es de especial relevancia examinar la actitud de los futuros maestros sobre el arte, o de form...

p style="text-align: justify;">School attendance problems are of great research interest, which is reflected in the increase of scientific publications. This increase hinders the adequate follow-up and updating of the scientific community on the subject. The aim of the present bibliometric study lies in the review of the scientific literature publi...

El estudio de la creatividad ha ido en aumento, considerando los beneficios que aporta en la educación tanto por lo que respecta al alumnado como al profesorado. No obstante, la creatividad no solo involucra aspectos motivacionales, sino también cognición y emoción. Por ese motivo, es importante contemplar este tipo de aspectos en los futuros maest...

This study attempts to clarify the relationship between multidimensional perfectionism and academic self-efficacy in adolescents using a dual approach: variable-oriented and person-oriented. The study sample consisted of 1375 students aged 15 to 18 (M = 16.36, SD = 1.04). The Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale and the Perceived Self-Efficacy...

School refusal is considered a risk factor for academic, social, and personal situations, such as school dropouts. Studies have been carried out on school refusal for almost 50 years. However, general research trends have not been mapped yet. This study summarizes the bibliometric analysis of scientific collaborations and prevalence across location...

This study attempts to clarify the relationship between multidimensional perfectionism and academic self-efficacy in adolescents using a dual approach: variable-oriented and person-oriented. The study sam- ple consisted of 1375 students aged 15 to 18 (M = 16.36, SD = 1.04). The Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale and the Perceived Self-Efficac...

School attendance has been historically linked to healthy states of functioning, whereas school attendance problems/absenteeism have been historically linked to unhealthy states of functioning. Indeed, school attendance and its problems are deeply embedded within multiple domains of functioning at both analytic and systemic levels. This article uti...

Background Perfectionism is considered a vulnerability factor for eating disorders. However, the role of perfectionism in binge eating needs clarification due to notably inconsistencies between studies. The purpose to this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to estimate the perfectionism-binge eating association. Method Syst...

School attendance problems (SAPs) are a worldwide concern due to their significant impact on students’ development. SAPs may vary across countries depending on the effectiveness of policy measures for prevention and care, the functioning of the educational systems, and the cultural and social environments, among others. According to the latest PISA...

Introduction This study aims to confirm the existence of profiles according to the combinations of anxiety, depression, and stress, and looks to examine the differences between profiles according to the mean scores obtained in school anxiety. Methods A total of 1,234 Spanish students at the secondary education level with an age range of 13–16 year...

Background: During the last years, the affective profiles model has been applied to study individual differences among Spanish children in psychological characteristics, such as optimism and pessimism. This research has replicated past studies from adult and adolescent Swedish populations by identifying four profiles using clustering methods on sel...

Resumen Los adolescentes que muestran una tendencia a rechazar la escuela podrían estar experimentando también una baja motivación hacia el aprendizaje. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo identificar perfiles de adolescentes con comportamiento de rechazo escolar (CRE) y examinar si estos posibles grupos difieren en autoatribuciones académicas....

Durante la escolarización a todo individuo se le pueden presentar situaciones escolares que pueden desencadenar miedos. Este estudio pretende examinar las diferencias en rechazo escolar según altas y bajas puntuaciones en ansiedad anticipatoria y analizar la capacidad predictiva del rechazo escolar sobre la ansiedad anticipatoria. Participaron 879...

Adolescents who show a tendency to refuse school could also be experiencing poor motivation towards learning. The present work aimed to identify profiles of adolescents with school refusal behavior (SRB) and to examine whether these possible groups differed in academic self-attributions. Participants were 1183 Spanish students (53.7% girls) from 14...

This study involved a systematic and evaluative review of school climate measures to catalog main domains and subdomains and rate parameters of instrument presentation and psychometric quality. Four databases were used (Web of Science, Scopus, ERIC, and PsycINFO) and 37 instruments (studies) met inclusion criteria (instrument measured school climat...

There is a growing interest in quantifying the risk of presenting maladaptive behaviors through the use of multivariate prediction algorithms such as logistic regressions. The objective of this study was to analyze the predictive capacity of school refusal behavior on high levels of social anxiety. The study used a sample of 895 Chilean adolescents...

School attendance and school absenteeism have been studied for over a century, leading to a rich and vast literature base. At the same time, powerful demographic, climate, social justice/equity, and technological/globalization forces are compelling disparate stakeholders worldwide to quickly adapt to rapidly changing conditions and to consider new...

School attendance and its problems have been a focus of myriad stakeholders for over a century, which has led both to important advancements in this area as well as compartmentalized categorical approaches to explain at least part of the vast ecology of these issues. Recent seismic events and changes, however, have provided a unique opportunity to...

School attendance problems are a serious issue for educators, psychologists and physicians. Nonattendance is a key risk factor for academic failure, violence, psychiatric disorders or economic deprivation. This study aimed to identify different school refusal behavior profiles and to determine whether these profiles differ from each other based on...

In recent years, the study of perfectionistic automatic thoughts (PAT) has increased given its maladaptive nature since it is link to numerous psychological disorders. From our knowledge, no previous research has addressed the relationship between PAT and the four components of aggressive behavior (anger, hostility, verbal aggression, and physical...

School anxiety and psychopathological symptoms tend to co-occur across development and persist in adulthood. The present study aimed to determine school anxiety profiles based on Lang’s model of the triple response system (cognitive anxiety, psychophysiological anxiety, and behavioral anxiety) and to identify possible differences between these prof...

The prevalence of stress, anxiety, and depression is a topic of concern for general population but also for the educational context. Consequently, due to the great rates of anxiety, depression, and stress problems in undergraduates, the use of a standardized instrument to accurately detect these constructs in the university context is needed. As a...

Los problemas de asistencia a la escuela son un tema candente dentro de la sociedad en la que nos encontramos ya que poseen un impacto significativo en el desarrollo del alumnado. El objetivo de este estudio consiste en comprobar si existen diferencias en las puntuaciones medias entre los sujetos con bajas y altas puntuaciones en rechazo escolar en...

Purpose: Promoting the labour integration of people with functional diversity is a key element to achieve their social inclusion. This meta-analysis aims to examine the effectiveness of experimental programs in developing employable skills for people with disabilities. Methods: Literature searches up to June 2019 were conducted in four databases (W...

Students with School Refusal Behaviour (SRB) are a diverse group, often associated with negative academic repercussions (e.g., low academic performance, learning difficulties or academic demotivation). The aims of this research were: 1) to identify school refusal behaviour profiles based on low and high scores on the four functional conditions asse...

The relationship between school refusal behavior (SRB) profiles and personality traits has received little attention from investigators. Identifying the profiles of students with school attendance problems may improve the understanding of the characteristics defining these students. The aim of this study was to identify different SRB profiles and a...

Perfectionism is considered to be a significant personality factor within the sport and exercise field. However, very little is known about the reasons why individuals with different perfectionistic tendencies engage or not in physical activity. This study aims, from a person-oriented approach, to analyze if participation motives and barriers may d...

Children experience significant number of stressful situations at school during their academic years. The aims of this study were to identify school refusers groups of children through latent profile analysis and to test their associations with school-related sources and manifestation of stress. Data were obtained from 755 schoolchildren (8-11 year...

School refusal behaviour has a major impact on the lives of children and adolescents, seriously affecting their personal, academic and social adjustment. The objectives of this research were: (1) to identify, using latent profile analysis, school refusal behaviour profiles based on the functional model and (2) to analyse the relationship between th...

In order to reduce school attendance problems and aggressive behavior, it is essential to determine the relationship between both variables. The aim of this study was twofold: (1) to examine the mean differences in scores on aggression, based on school refusal behavior, and (2) to analyze the predictive capacity of high scores on aggression, based...

Little has been studied on the relationship between affect and school problems related with attendance. This study aims to identify different affective profiles and to determine whether these profiles differ from each other based on the four functional conditions of school refusal behavior. Participants comprised 1,816 Spanish adolescents aged 15–1...

Adolescents who have experienced maltreatment are at enhanced risk for posttraumatic disorder (PTSD) and posttraumatic symptoms (PTS). Two key aspects of PTSD/PTS include dissociation and trauma-related cognitions, and these constructs are often measured via the Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (ADES) and Posttraumatic Cognitions Inventory...

The maladaptive nature of Perfectionistic Automatic Thoughts (PAT) increases the importance of evaluating the construct. This study aims to identify different clusters of PAT in undergraduates, and to check possible inter-cluster differences in the dimensions of dispositional empathy and emotional intelligence in a sample of 691 Spanish undergradua...

Failure in dealing with anxiety-provoking situations and stressors in the school setting may have negative consequences not only on children’s performance, but also on their well-being in the future. This research aimed to examine the relationship of forms of anxiety (anticipatory anxiety, school-based performance anxiety, and generalized anxiety)...

Assessment methods for school attendance problems (SAPs) have burgeoned tremendously in recent years. This study involved a systematic review of questionnaires assessing SAPs. Literature searches up to November 2019 were conducted in four databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO and ERIC). Nine instruments met the four selection criteria: (1) to...

Students with school attendance problems are a diverse and heterogeneous group whose patterns of symptomatology can change over time. This study aims to identify different school refusal behavior profiles and to determine whether these profiles differ from each other based on four situational factors and three response systems of school anxiety acr...

School attendance problems imply a serious threat to a child’s academic, social and emotional development. The aim of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised (SRAS-R) in Ecuadorian adolescents. Participants were 1786 students (51% boys) aged 15 to 18 years (M = 16.31; SD = 1.01) randomly selecte...

School climate is a multidimensional construct of the quality of a student’s academic environment, often subsuming dimensions such as safety, instructional practices, social relationships, school facilities, and school connectedness. Positive school climate has beneficial effects on a wide range of adjustment variables in youth, including academic...

Perfectionistic Automatic Thoughts (PATs) are currently being studied due to their association with maladaptive variables. This study aims to validate the Spanish version of the Perfectionism Cognitions Inventory (PCI) in a sample of Ecuadorian undergraduates as well as to analyze latent mean differences across sex. The sample was composed by 3060...

La relevancia psicológica, social y educativa del presente estudio reside en la escasez de trabajos previos que hayan evaluado el rechazo escolar en Latinoamérica y las elevadas tasas de deserción a las que se enfrentan en esta región. El objetivo de esta investigación consistió en examinar las diferencias en las puntuaciones medias de rechazo esco...

Background: This study aimed to validate the Spanish version of the Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS) in Ecuadorian adolescent population. Methods: The study involved 1,562 students aged 12 to 18 (Mage = 14.83, SD = 1.86) from Quito (Ecuador). Data analysis included Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) with Satorra-Bentler scaled χ²,...

Positive (PA) and negative affect (NA) are related with aspects that are part of people’s psychological well-being, and the possibility of combining both dimensions to create four affective profiles, self-fulfilling (high PA and low NA), low affective (low PA and low NA), high affective (high PA and high NA) and self-destructive (low PA and high NA...

Research on perfectionism is gaining importance. However, there is a lack of research findings on perfectionistic automatic thoughts (PATs). Accordingly, the first aim of this study was to validate a newly developed Spanish version of the Perfectionistic Cognitions Inventory. The second aim was to ascertain different profiles of PATs and examine in...

This research aimed to examine the relation between child anxiety and causal attributions in mathematics using a person-centered approach. The Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety-Revised and the Sydney Attribution Scale were administered to 1287 Spanish students aged 8 to 11 (M = 9.68, SD = 1.20); 49.4% were girls. Four child anxiety profiles were ob...

As noted in Part 1 of this two-part review, school attendance is an important foundational competency for children and adolescents, and school absenteeism has been linked to myriad short- and long-term negative consequences, even into adulthood. Categorical and dimensional approaches for this population have been developed. This article (Part 2 of...

Not all adolescents with school attendance problems attribute their behavior to the same causes. Knowing the subtypes of students who reject school and their relationship with new variables, such as self-concept, is an unresolved task. This study aimed to identify different school refusal behavior profiles and to determine whether these profiles di...

The present study analyzed the psychometric properties of a Spanish translation of the child–adolescent perfectionism scale (CAPS-S), as well as its factorial invariance and latent means differences across sex and age. A sample of 1809 Spanish students of Primary Education, aged between 8 and 11 (Mage = 9.53, SD = 1.11), was used. Confirmatory fact...

School attendance is an important foundational competency for children and adolescents, and school absenteeism has been linked to myriad short- and long-term negative consequences, even into adulthood. Many efforts have been made to conceptualize and address this population across various categories and dimensions of functioning and across multiple...

School attendance problems negatively affect students’ development. This study attempted to identify different school refusal behavior profiles and to examine their relationship with three dimensions of social anxiety (fear of negative evaluation, social avoidance and distress in new situations, and social avoidance and distress that is experienced...

This study aims to examine the factorial invariance and latent mean differences across gender of the Spanish version of the Child and Adolescent Social Adaptive Functioning Scale (Study 1) and to value the function of social functioning as a protective ability of school refusal behavior (Study 2). Participants were Spanish students aged 8–12 years...

The newly established International Network for School Attendance (INSA) works to promote school attendance, reduce absenteeism, and resolve school attendance problems (SAPs). Our motivation for establishing INSA stems from the knowledge that school attendance offers innumerable benefts to children and adolescents (hereafter referred to as youth) a...

The purpose of this study was to examine the 2 × 2 model of dispositional perfectionism via a person-oriented approach in a sample of 1588 Ecuadorian students aged 12- to 18-years-old ( M = 14.83, SD = 1.86). The Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS) and the School Anxiety Inventory (IAES) were employed. The statistical analysis included...

This study analyzes the relationship between the two intrapersonal perfectionism dimensions (i.e., Self-Oriented Perfectionism-Critical, SOP-C, and Self-Oriented Perfectionism-Strivings, SOP-S) and the components of aggressive behavior (cognitive, emotional and motor) in a sample of 804 (48.3% females) Spanish students between the ages of 8 and 11...

On the basis of the heterogeneous casuistry that characterizes the students who refuse going to school, it is useful to have a classification of this population in homogeneous groups. For this, the aim of this study was, first, to identify by cluster analysis the profiles of school refusal behavior based on the functional model evaluated through th...

Los problemas de asistencia a la escuela afectan a nivel mundial a un número de estudiantes mayor a lo deseado. Importantes efectos negativos sobre el desarrollo académico, social y personal se asocian a este fenómeno. El objetivo de este número especial es presentar los avances más recientes en este campo de investigación desde un enfoque internac...

The literature reports that the prevalence of anxiety in childhood has increased exponentially during the last decades, generating with it the need to permanently monitor emotional states mainly in children and thus avoid the difficulties of this problem. The objective was to establish differences in school anxiety according to gender and academic...

This study analyses the relationship between the perfectionism dimensions, i.e. Self-Oriented Perfectionism-Critical (SOP-C) and Self-Oriented Perfectionism-Striving (SOP-S), and affect and the Big Five traits of personality in a sample of 804 Spanish students aged 8 to 11 (M = 9.57; DE = 1.12). Student’s t test, Cohen’s d index and logistic regres...

The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between child perfectionism and academic causal self-attributions using a dual approach: variable-oriented and person-oriented. The sample consists of 431 Spanish students (49.42% girls) between the ages of eight and 11 years (M = 9.60, SD = 1.08). The Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale an...

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la relación entre el perfeccionismo infantil y las autoatribuciones causales académicas a través de un doble enfoque: centrado en la variable y en la persona. La muestra se compone de 431 estudiantes españoles (49.42% mujeres) con edades comprendidas entre los ocho y los 11 años (M = 9.60, DE = 1.08)....

The objectives of this study were twofold. Firstly, it attempted to validate the scores of the Youth Life Orientation Test in Spanish children. Secondly, it had the objective of estimating the mean differences in scores and predictive capability of optimism and pessimism for school refusal. The sample consisted of Spanish students between the ages...

The aim of this study was twofold: to identify different emotional intelligence (EI) profiles and to verify possible statistically significant differences in school refusal factors that result in a demotivation to attend school. Participants were 2362 Chilean adolescents aged from 13 to 17 (M = 15.25; SD = 1.33), who completed the Trait Meta-Mood S...

The aim of this meta-analysis was to examine the effectiveness of sex education programs for people with intellectual disabilities, exploring the effects of possible moderating variables. 31 independent studies were identified, from 8 research reports published between 1988 and 2017. The results revealed mean effect sizes in favor of the experiment...

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between positive affectivity and school refusal based on four explanatory factors: I. Avoidance of Negative Affectivity, II. Escape from aversive Social/Evaluative situations, III. Pursuit from Attention and IV. Pursuit of Tangible Reinforcement. 1078 Spanish students participated from 3rd to 6t...

Anxiety is a common mental health factor associated with school refusal behaviour. This study aims to identify different school refusal behaviour profiles and to determine whether or not these profiles differ from each other based on three anxiety dimensions (Anticipatory Anxiety, School-based performance anxiety and Generalized Anxiety). Participa...

Background: Perfectionism is a prevalent disposition of personality involved in the development and maintenance of a wide range of psychological disorders. The Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale (CAPS) is the most usually applied test to assess perfectionism in children and adolescents. This study aimed: (a) to conduct a reliability generaliz...

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between affect in its two commonly used theoretical categories, positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA), and social functioning dimensions (school performance, family relationships, peer relationships and home duties/self-care). The sample comprised 390 students of primary education aged 8...

Data set of affect and social functioning. (XLSX)

Negative emotional states are common among youth with problematic school absenteeism, but little is known about their presence across different school refusal behavior profiles. The aim of this study was twofold: to identify different cluster solutions across functional profiles of school refusal behavior (I. Avoidance of Negative Affectivity, II....

Background/Objectives This paper aimed to validate the Spanish version of scores of the Visual Analogue Scale for Anxiety-Revised (VAA-R) in child population, and to verify the existence of anxiety profiles and to relate them to school refusal. Method The sample was made up of 911 Spanish students between 8 and 12 years old (M = 9.61, SD = 1.23)....

Although the study of affective profiles has generated great interest in recent years, no investigations were found that analyze their relationship with school refusal. The present study identified the affective profiles arising from combining positive affect (PA) and negative affect derived from the 10-item Positive and Negative Affect Schedule fo...

The distinction in recent years between positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) is becoming increasingly important due to their relationship with depression and anxiety. This work is composed of two studies. The first study aimed to validate the brief version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule for Children-Short Form (PANAS-C-SF) in...

The aim of this research is twofold: to analyze the mean differences scores in mathematic self-attributions based on school refusal and to verify its predictive capability on high scores in school refusal. The Sydney Attribution Scale and the School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised were administered to 1078 Spanish students (50.8% boys) aged betwee...

The aim of this study was to identify the existence of combinations of aggression components (Anger, Hostility, Physical Aggression and Verbal Aggression) that result in different profiles of aggressive behavior in children, as well as to test the differences between these profiles in scores of perfectionism, school refusal and affect. It is intere...

¿Su hijo se niega a asistir a la escuela? ¿Su alumno se ausenta de clase más de lo normal? ¿Cómo actuar ante un caso de rechazo al colegio? El contenido de esta obra permitirá identificar al lector -padre, madre o profesional cercano al niño-cuándo el rechazo escolar es algo más que una fase transitoria. Además, en el libro se ofrecen herramientas...

El comportamiento de rechazo a la escuela se refiere a la negativa de un niño a asistir al centro educativo y/o la dificultad persistente para permanecer en el aula durante toda la jornada escolar. A partir de la revisión de la literatura científica, es objeto de este trabajo describir el estado actual de la investigación sobre el rechazo escolar,...

El objetivo de este trabajo consistió en examinar la relación entre el perfeccionismo socialmente prescrito (PSP) y la agresividad, atendiendo a sus componentes: fisiológico-emocional (ira), motor (agresividad física y verbal) y cognitivo (hostilidad). Se empleó una muestra de 776 alumnos de tercero a sexto curso de Educación Primaria (M = 9.72; DE...

El objetivo de este estudio consistió en analizar la capacidad predictiva del rechazo escolar sobre los altos niveles de ansiedad ante el castigo escolar (ACE). Para ello, se reclutó una muestra de 1,003 estudiantes de Educación Primaria con edades comprendidas entre los 8 y los 12 años. Los instrumentos empleados fueron el Inventario de Ansiedad E...

Introducción. El objetivo de este estudio es describir y caracterizar la producción científica a nivel internacional en relación al tópico “actitudes hacia la discapacidad en el ámbito educativo”, a partir del uso de una batería de indicadores bibliométricos que permiten realizar un análisis y seguimiento de la actividad científica internacional.Mé...

This study aimed to test the 2 × 2 model of dispositional perfectionism in an Ecuadorian sample of 1562 students aged between 12 and 17 years (M = 14.83 years, standard deviation = 1.86 years). The Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale and the brief 21-item version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales were used. Cluster analysis revealed four...

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio consistió en analizar la capacidad predictiva del rechazo escolar sobre los altos niveles de ansiedad ante el castigo escolar (ACE). Para ello, se reclutó una muestra de 1,003 estudiantes de Educación Primaria con edades comprendidas entre los 8 y los 12 años. Los instrumentos empleados fueron el Inventario de An...

The present work aims to identify possible combinations of Self-Oriented Perfectionism (SOP) and Socially Prescribed Perfectionism (SPP) that lead to different profiles of child perfectionism, as well as to determine whether these profiles differ from each other as a function of scores on the three components of aggression (cognitive or Hostility,...