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Introduction
Carmen Gómez Berrocal currently works at the Department of Social Psychology, University of Granada. Carmen does research in Health Psychology and Social Psychology. Their current project is 'Doble estándar sexual en España y su relación con la salud sexual: implicación en la satisfacción y excitación sexual'.
Skills and Expertise
Current institution
Publications
Publications (45)
Background: The sexual double standard (SDS) governs behaviors related to sexual activity and abstinence, promoting negative evaluations of sexually assertive women. Conversely, the sexual agency norm encourages young women to express their sexuality freely. This study explores how this complex normative context, combining SDS and sexual agency nor...
Background: The sexual double standard (SDS) governs behaviors related to sexual activity and abstinence, promoting negative evaluations of sexually assertive women. Conversely, the sexual agency norm encourages young women to express their sexuality freely. This study explores how this complex normative context, combining SDS and sexual agency nor...
How sex is negotiated has reached greater interest because a lack of consent is considered to be a risk factor for sexual violence. However, the mechanisms underlying sexual consent still remain unexplored. The purpose of the present study was to examine the link between rape-supportive attitudes and objectification, as experienced by women and per...
Despite the growing interest in the study of sexual attitudes across sexual orientation, few studies have tested whether the instruments used to measure them are invariant. This study examined measurement invariance (configural, weak, strong, and strict) across sexual orientation in three different sexual attitude scales: the Sexual Opinion Survey...
The subjective orgasm experience (SOE) is the psychological perception of orgasm sensations and closely related to sexual health. Here, SOE was studied through the context in which it is experienced (sexual relationships and solitary masturbation), gender, and sexual orientation. For this purpose, data were collected from 4255 people (1927 men and...
The sexual double standard (SDS) consists of judging men and women differently for the same sexual behavior. This study contributes to research on the factors that determine inconsistent adherence to the SDS. It uses a descriptive methodology to analyze the association between individual and contextual factors both with adherence to the SDS, and wi...
Título: The Bem Sex-Role Inventory: propuesta de una versión corta en español. Resumen: El objetivo del estudio fue examinar la estructura factorial, la confiabilidad y proporcionar alguna evidencia de validez de la versión en español del Inventario de Roles Sexuales de Bem (BSRI), que evalúa la au-todescripción en términos de rasgos de género. Una...
Background/objective:
Sexual concordance (i.e., relationship between genital response and subjective sexual arousal) is higher in men than in women. Among the factors that could explain this difference would be the sexual double standard (SDS). Sexual concordance is examined by SDS typologies of adherence (egalitarian, man-favorable, and woman-fav...
Introduction
The sexual double standard (SDS) implies men and women are being evaluated differently as regards sexuality. To date, no cross-cultural comparisons have been made regarding the prevalence of the various forms that adherence to SDS takes. This research work describes differences among Spain, Peru, and Ecuador in the prevalence of three...
Background:
The Orgasm Rating Scale (ORS) assesses the subjective experience of orgasm. Its psychometric properties have only been examined in the context of sexual intercourse. This study aims to validate the ORS in the context of solitary masturbation.
Methods:
A sample of 1,171 men and 1,424 women aged 18-83 years ( M = 40.51, SD = 12.07) com...
Background/Objective: Masturbation has historically been a sexual behaviour associated with negative connotations, as a consequence of traditional orthodox positions, despite its positive impact on health. The instruments developed to measure the attitude towards masturbation are scarce, and none of them have been validated in the Spanish adult pop...
The sexual double standard (SDS) refers to the acceptance of different criteria to assess the same sexual behavior in men and women. To date, the few studies that have addressed the relationship between SDS and sexual satisfaction have obtained inconclusive results. In addition, no study has analyzed sexual satisfaction in people who maintain diffe...
Sexual double standard (SDS) involves evaluating the same sexual behaviors in men and women using different criteria. The support for man-favorable SDS is related to sexual aggression and sexual victimization. Yet to date, studies have not examined the prevalence of SDS adherence. This study aims to identify the prevalence per gender and age of the...
Background:
The Sexual Double Standard Scale (SDSS) is one of the most widely-used scales for evaluating the Sexual Double Standard (SDS) and the Spanish version of the scale displays adequate psychometric properties in the adult Spanish population. The aim of this study is to examine the factorial invariance and differential item functioning (DIF...
In the context of heterosexual relationships, the sexual double standard (SDS) leads to a more negative assessment of women than men when they exhibit the same sexual behavior. This work assumes that in Western democratic societies, the individual attitude toward SDS takes different forms due to the processes of conviction regarding the social norm...
Objective: To describe the role of sex, age, educational level and psychosocial group-identification factors in well-being and satisfaction with life.
Method:
229 Spanish Gypsies completed a survey of demographic data, psychological well-being, life satisfaction, ethnic identity and the individual's inclusion of self within the ingroup.
Results:...
Sexual (DES) es la aceptación de criterios diferentes en la valoración de la sexualidad de hombres y mujeres (Fasula et al., 2014). El DES tradicional favorece que los hombres altamente activos sexualmente sean evaluados de manera más positiva que las mujeres (Zaikman y Marks, 2017). El DES se ha asociado con diferentes indicadores de la salud sexu...
A version of the Double Standard Scale (SDSS) is presented to assess the subjectiveperception of society's support for the Sexual Double Standard (SDS). We examine itspsychometric properties in a sample of Spanish population heterosexual of 1,206individuals (50% males), distributed across three groups (18-34, 35-49, and 50 yearsold or older).We per...
El doble estándar sexual (DES) hace referencia al uso de distintos criterios para valorar la sexualidad en hombres y mujeres (Milhausen y Herold, 2002). El patrón tradicional conlleva la aceptación de una mayor libertad sexual del hombre en comparación con la mujer (Sierra, Moyano, Vallejo-Medina y Gómez-Berrocal, 2018). Por el contrario, una menor...
Background/Objective
Sexual double standard (SDS) has long been associated to several dimensions of sexual health. Therefore the assessment of SDS is relevant and requires self-reported measures with adequate psychometric properties. This study aims to adapt the Sexual Double Standard Scale (SDSS) into heterosexual Spanish population and examine it...
Introducción. A pesar del amplio uso de la Sexual Double Standard Scale en la investigación de la doble moral sexual, ningún estudio hasta la fecha ha abordado su dimensionalidad. La escala consiste en 26 ítems: 6 de ellos comparan el comportamiento sexual de mujeres y hombres; los 20 restantes son paralelos, 10 de ellos se refieren al comportamien...
Introducción. La Sexual Double Standard Scale (SDSS) es un instrumento muy utilizado en la investigación de la doble moral sexual. Recientemente, se ha presentado la versión española de la escala, encontrándose una estructura dimensional compuesta por siete factores. Objetivo. Examinar evidencias de validez en las medidas proporcionadas por los sie...
El objetivo general de esta investigación es explorar en qué medida el ajuste y el bienestar psicológicos de las personas inmigrantes están relacionados de forma diferente con la valoración de las identidades (personal/social) que componen el autoconcepto. Un total de 210 personas inmigrantes residentes en las provincias de Granada y Almería, fuero...
It explores the effect of the salience of social categorization immigrant and their interaction with sociodemographic differences (level of education, employment status, sex) of subjects in psychological adjust-ment, psychological well-being and self-esteem. 210 immigrants from South America, living in the provinces of Granada and Almeria, were dis...
The following research study analyses the relationship between types of sexism and intergroup strategies. Specifically, we explored 1) the dimensions attributed by the male in-group to different female subtypes, as well as 2) the relationship between types of sexism and strategies of intergroup differentiation and in-group favouritism. 180 men, wit...
The research covers two objectives. First of all, a theorical objective, is the framing of the concepts of prejudice and racism, and the revision of socialpsychological explanations about new "faces" that racism is acquiring. The second objective, which is of an empirical nature, is twofold: to describe the differencial features of rascism that non...
In-group favouritism has become a variable of enormous importance in the study of inter-ethnic relations. According to current approaches, it can be understood as a tendency among the members of one group to favour or value the behaviour, attitudes, preferences or perceptions of their own group over those of another group to which they do not belon...
This study is based on three basic assumptions: a) linguistic usage is a reflection of the inequalities between groups, b) the linguistic forms used have psychological effects and c) prejudice toward social categories is appreciated better through a person's biased use of language. Using a two-factor inter-group design ( sex: men vs. women) x 2 ( u...
Tradicionalmente se ha conceptualizado el sexismo como una hostilidad genérica hacia las mujeres. Sin embargo, éste puede manifestarse conjuntamente con actitudes benevolentes y con el reconocimiento de características “positivas” del estereotipo femenino. La respuesta a esta contradicción está en la naturaleza de estas características: no se puede...
El objetivo principal de esta investigación es explorar las peculiaridades que subyacen a las expresiones prejuiciosas y discriminatorias que la población no gitana manifiesta hacia la gitana. 290 estudiantes de secundaria respondieron a un cuestionario que cubre diversas variables presentes en la literatura psicosocial sobre prejuicio y racismo. L...
En: Revista de Psicología Social Madrid 2000; n. 15 (1); p. 3-30 El objetivo principal de esta investigación es explorar las peculiaridades que subyacen a las expresiones prejuiciosas y discriminatorias que la población no gitana manifiesta hacia la gitana. 290 estudiantes de secundaria respondieron a un cuestionario que cubre diversas variables pr...
El objetivo principal del presente estudio de campo era conocer las características diferenciales del prejuicio hacia los gitanos. 290 estudiantes de secundaria respondieron a un cuestionario que cubre diversas variables presentes en la literatura psicosocial sobre prejuicio y racismo. Los resultados confirman el carácter contradictorio y ambiguo d...
The research covers two objectives. First of all, a theorical objective, is the framing of the concepts of prejudice and racism, and the revision of socialpsychological explanations about new "faces" that racism is acquiring. The second objective, which is of an empirical nature, is twofold: to describe the differencial features of rascism that non...
Este trabajo compila los resultados de una investigación sobre la relación perceptual de los españoles entre la profesión del psicólogo y el género de éste. Con este estudio se busca obtener un perfil psicosocial de los estudiantes de psicología en España, así como conocer la distribución de los puestos de responsabilidad entre los egresados, sus m...
El favoritismo endogrupal (FE) se ha convertido en una variable de enorme importancia en el estudio de las relaciones interétnicas. De acuerdo con los planteamientos actuales, se puede entender como una tendencia entre los miembros de un grupo a favorecer el comportamiento, actitudes, preferencias y percepciones de su propio grupo sobre otro al que...
