Carmen Garcia-Jares

• University of Santiago de Compostela

Oak (Quercus spp.) acorns are used in animal feed and in the treatment of specific diseases due to their nutritional value and high content of bioactive compounds. The aim of the present work is to investigate and compare polyphenolic compounds and the antioxidant activity of Quercus ilex and Quercus robur acorn extracts. This is performed using th...

The increasing use of natural ingredients such as essential oils (EOs) and natural extracts (NEs) in cosmetics is an analytical and legislative challenge due to their complex composition, which includes recognized allergenic compounds. In this work, 17 EOs and NEs have been characterized by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) of...

This work proposes the application of astaxanthin-rich H. pluvialis wet paste (HPW) as a partial substitute for wheat flour in the preparation of filloas, a dish that combines the basic ingredients of industrial bakery. The nutritional and color profile of HPW-enriched samples was evaluated by comparative analysis with a mixture of synthetic food d...

Passive biomonitoring with mosses has emerged as a useful tool for the study of environmental pollutants, but its application in persistent organic pollutants (POPs) monitoring is limited and mainly focused on PAHs. This work aims to evaluate the capacity of two moss species to retain hexachlorocyclohexane isomers (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-HCH) from aqueo...

The terrestrial environment is one of the main recipients of plastic waste. However, limited research has been performed on soil contamination by plastics and even less assessing the effects of nanoplastics (NPls). Behind the potential toxicity caused per se, NPls are recognized vectors of other environmental harmful contaminants. Therefore, the ma...

Plant extracts are well known for their beneficial cosmetic properties based on bioactive phytochemicals with highly demonstrated antimicrobial and antioxidant capacities as phenolic compounds. This work presents the polyphenolic characterization of different extracts from organically grown Filipendula vulgaris. An ultrasound-assisted extraction pr...

Temporary tattoos and dyes are increasing popularity as an alternative to permanent ones. However, knowledge on its elementary composition is scarce and, this scientific gap can potentially make them a source of heavy metal exposure on humans. The present research aimed to explore the possibility of using the inorganic chemical signature to charact...

A scalable procedure with minimum energy requirements, MSAT (Medium Scale Ambient Temperature), in combination with solvents generally recognized as safe (GRAS), has been optimized to obtain polyphenolic extracts from white grape (Vitis vinifera) marc. The solvents considered were propylene glycol (Pg), ethanol (Et), and ethyl lactate (Lc), as well...

Temporary tattoos and dyes constitute a great analytical challenge in relation to the regulatory control of their ingredients. Most of these commercial products are not labeled according to their content and their chemical nature is highly diverse. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze these complex samples to evaluate the potential presence of met...

This study provides an efficient alternative by extracting bioactive compounds from Haematococcus pluvialis via matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) from its wet form, reducing one of the process steps with the greatest economic impact, the drying of the microalga. To obtain a suitable extract for nutraceutical purposes, solvents with the generally...

Although there are several works in the literature that study the presence of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in surface waters, the vast majority focus their attention on pharmaceuticals and little information is found about personal care products (PCPs). Therefore, this study focused, for the first time, on the monitoring of fi...

Two environmentally friendly methodologies based on ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and micro-matrix solid-phase dispersion (µMSPD) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis are proposed for the first time for the simultaneous analysis of 17 glycols, glycol ethers, and their acetates in cosmetics. These sample preparati...

Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow is a microalga used as a nutraceutical, due to its high content in bioactive compounds, mainly carotenoids, in which astaxanthin stands out [1]. Furthermore, H. pluvialis has shown a high antioxidant potential, and combined with its intense red colour, this microalga could have dual functionality: as a colourant and a...

The main solid byproduct of blueberry juice processing is peel, representing up to 20% of the initial fruit weight. Blueberries are considered as a particularly interesting fruit for their well-known antioxidant and antimicrobial properties [1]. It is expected that blueberry peel retains some compounds with interesting properties. However, its exce...

The use of cosmetics and personal care products is increasing worldwide. Their high matrix complexity, together with the wide range of products currently marketed under different forms imply a challenge for their analysis, most of them requiring a sample pre-treatment step before analysis. Classical sample preparation methodologies involve large am...

There has been little research on emerging natural-pigment-based temporary tattoos and their constituents so far. This study focused on the characterization of natural henna and jagua tattoos and dyes in commercial samples. Sample manipulation and treatment were minimal to analyze natural pigments as they are marketed. The characterization of activ...

The wide range and complexity of cosmetic formulations currently available on the market poses a challenge from an analytical point of view. In addition, during cosmetics manufacture, impurities coming from raw materials or formed by reaction of different organic compounds present in the formulation may be present. Their identification is mandatory...

Temporary tattoos are a popular alternative to permanent ones. Some of them use natural pigments such as lawsone in the famous henna tattoos. Recently, jagua tattoos, whose main ingredients are genipin and geniposide, have emerged as an interesting option. This study was conducted to identify the presence and concentration of henna and jagua active...

So far, research on the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis has been focused mainly on the exploitation of its high astaxanthin content, leaving aside the use of other bioactive compounds present. This study is focused on obtaining and characterizing extracts enriched in bioactive compounds from this microalga red aplanospores. This is performed by m...

A methodology based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous analysis of different families of personal care products (PCPs) including fragrance allergens, synthetic musks, phthalates, antioxidants and UV filters in continental waters. The main parame...

A method based on micro-matrix solid-phase dispersion (μ-MSPD) followed by gas-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS) was developed to analyze UV filters in personal care products. It is the first time that MSPD is employed to extract UV filters from cosmetics samples. This technique provides efficient and low-cost extractions, and allo...

Solid-phase microextraction is a well-established green solvent free extraction technique with a large number of applications in different fields such as food, forensic, biomedical, and the environment. The present review comprehensively describes the most recent applications mostly reported from 2013 of SPME for the extraction of environmental pol...

This study focused on the determination of seven volatile methylsiloxanes (VMSs) and eleven UV-filters (UVFs) in beach sand from the Oporto's region (Portugal). A QuEChERS methodology (“Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe”) was used to extract VMSs from the sand, which has never been employed before. To extract the UVFs, a solid-phase m...

Photostability of three synthetic dyes (Carmoisine, CI 14720; Allura Red AC, CI 16035; and Patent Blue V, CI 42051) commonly used in mouthwashes was investigated for the first time. Aqueous solutions of dyes and commercial mouthwashes were submitted to simulated outdoor and indoor conditions of irradiation. All dyes demonstrated high stability in a...

In this work, matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) is proposed for the first time as an efficient and rapid alternative to extract fatty acids (FAs) from grape seeds. In addition, the use of green solvents as limonene allowed obtaining similar yields to other longer extraction procedures using more unhealthy solvents. The optimization of the MSPD p...

Os subprodutos de elaboración do viño conteñen valiosos compostos bioactivos, entre os que destacan os polifenois. Os efectos beneficiosos destes compostos atribúense, entre outras, á súa actividade antioxidante. Por esta razón, estúdase o efecto potencial dunha dieta enriquecida en polifenois nas características da carne de tenreiros alimentados c...

The cosmetic industry currently focuses on products with magnified or exaggerated effects or extremely long-lasting characteristics. There are also a number of related commercial products for which the regulatory framework is far from clear; they are called ‘borderline’, and the European authorities only recommend which regulations they need to com...

Colour plays a decisive role in the marketing of a cosmetic product. Among thousands of substances used to colour, synthetic dyes are the most widespread in the industry. Their potential secondary effects on human health and different regulatory requirements for their use between the main world markets make analytical control necessary to guarantee...

Four different miniaturized methodologies were developed and applied to the analysis of 11 UV filters in sand samples. These approaches were based on ultrasound and vortex extractions, on‐column lixiviation, and ultrasound extraction followed by solid‐phase microextraction. Gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was used for quantitative...

A methodology based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of eleven multiclass ultraviolet (UV) filters in beach sand. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that this extraction technique is applied to the analysis of U...

A simple methodology based on vortex extraction (VE) followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of 22 regulated preservatives and synthetic dyes in cosmetics. The extraction procedure was performed in an Eppendorf tube allowing both extraction and clean-up in a single step,...

http://seqa.es/revista-de-la-sociedad-mainmenu-96/actualidad-analitica-2018b

Camellia (genus of flowering plants of fam. Theaceae) is one of the main crops in Asia, where tea and oil from leaves and seeds have been utilized for thousands of years. This plant is excellently adapted to the climate and soil of Galicia (northwestern Spain) and northern Portugal where it is grown not only as an ornamental plant, but to be evalua...

Miniaturized matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been proposed for the simultaneous analysis of different classes of synthetic dyes in confectionery and cosmetics intended for or mostly consumed by children. Selected compounds include most of the permitted dyes as food addit...

Three methodologies based on miniaturized solvent extraction: vortex extraction (VE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD), were optimized for the gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis of seven regulated oxidative hair dyes, including some of the most frequently used sensitizers in hair produ...

A methodology based on solid-phase-microextraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of 14 UV filters of different chemical nature in water. The extraction parameters (the extraction mode and temperature, the fibre coating, and the addition of salt) were optimi...

An analytical method based on pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) followed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was developed for the simultaneous analysis of fifteen different organic UV filters, both water and fat soluble, in cosmetic products. The extractions were carried out in 10 mL extraction cells a...

UV filters are a class of emerging contaminants that are widely used in personal care products (PCPs) and that can be detected at low concentrations in the aquatic environment (ngL(-1)). Sensitive modern analytical methods are then mandatory to accurately analyze them. A methodology based on solid-phase-microextraction (SPME), considered as a 'Gree...

Northwestern Spain wine production is mainly focused on high-quality white wines, generating substantial quantities of grape marc as a by-product that can be exploited as a source of bioactive polyphenols. An optimized PLE method was applied to the extraction of polyphenols from marc of white grape varieties. The study of the polyphenolic compositi...

Cosmetic products placed on the market and their ingredients, must be safe under reasonable conditions of use, in accordance to the current legislation. Therefore, regulated and allowed chemical substances must meet the regulatory criteria to be used as ingredients in cosmetics and personal care products, and adequate analytical methodology is need...

Galicia region (Northwestern Spain) wine production is mainly focused to high-quality white wines. The polyphenolic composition and the antioxidant activity have been determined to characterize the wines obtained from white grape varieties (Albariño, Branco Lexitimo, Caiño blanco, Godello, Loureiro, Torrontes, and Treixadura) grown in Galician prot...

The stability and photochemical transformations of cosmetic preservatives in topical applications exposed to UV-light is a serious but poorly understood problem. In this study, a high throughput extraction and selective method based on pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) coupled to gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was validated and appl...

A methodology based on ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of ten UV filters (2-ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (2EHMC), 4- methylbencylidene camphor (4MBC), benzyl salicylate (BS), ethylhexyl dimethyl PABA (EHPABA), ethylhexyl salicylate (EHS), etocrylene (Eto), homosalate (HMS),...

RESUMEN La Química Analítica puede considerarse una disci-plina " solucionadora de problemas ". Este enfoque impli-ca retos constantes a los que sólo se puede hacer frente con una base sólida en técnicas de extracción y de separa-ción. En esta línea, los químicos analíticos, y particular-mente los cromatografistas, han establecido todo tipo de cola...

Grape seeds represent a high percentage (20% to 26%) of the grape marc obtained as a byproduct from white winemaking and keep a vast proportion of grape polyphenols. In this study, seeds obtained from 11 monovarietal white grape marcs cultivated in Northwestern Spain have been analyzed in order to characterize their polyphenolic content and antioxi...

A simple method based on micro-matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) has been developed for the rapid and simultaneous determination of nine regulated water-soluble dyes in personal care and decorative products. The proposed miniaturized extraction procedure was optimized by means of exp...

Two of the main topics of growing concern in analytical chemistry are the development of green analytical methods and the determination of emerging pollutants. One of the well-established green extraction techniques is microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). After giving a brief description of MAE principles, the present review comprehensively describ...

A methodology based on pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of different classes of UV filters including methoxycinnamates, benzophenones, salicylates, p-aminobenzoic acid derivatives, and others in cosmetic products. The extractions w...

The photochemical transformation of widely used cosmetic preservatives including benzoates, parabens, BHA, BHT and triclosan has been investigated in this work applying an innovative double-approach strategy: identification of transformation products in aqueous photodegradation experiments (UV-light, 254nm), followed by targeted screening analysis...

Baby wipes and wet toilet paper are specific hygiene care daily products used on newborn and children skin. These products may contain complexes mixtures of harmful chemicals. A method based on pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been developed for the simultaneous determination of sixty-...

The objective of this case study was to investigate the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other hazardous organic chemicals in a recycled tyre playground surface (in an indoor restaurant of a shopping centre with limited ventilation). This study also aimed at underlining both the volatilisation of these compounds in the vapour...

Fragrance allergens, preservatives, plasticizers, and synthetic musks are usually present in cosmetic and personal care products formulations and many of them are subjected to use restrictions or labeling requirements. Matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) is a very suitable analytical technique for the extraction of these compounds providing a simp...

A method based on pressurized solvent extraction (PSE) to determine main polyphenolic compounds in the grape marc obtained as a byproduct of the white winemaking process has been developed. As response variables in the optimisation process include main individual polyphenols, as well as spectrophotometric indexes. The optimised PSE procedure implie...

This work presents a new solid-phase microextraction (SPME)-based approach to investigate the formation of halogenated by-products generated by the UV-induced photodegradation of parabens and their congener benzoates in water containing chlorine. Degradation of parent species, and further identification of their transformation by-products were moni...

A rapid, efficient and low-cost method based on ultrasound-assisted emulsification-microextraction (USAEME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was developed for the analysis of several fungicides, belonging to different chemical families, in white wines. The experimental procedure was optimized using factorial design to study the influence of...

An effective, simple and low cost sample preparation method based on matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or gas chromatography-triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) has been developed for the rapid simultaneous determination of 38 cosmetic ingredients, 25 fragrance allergens and 13...

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) followed by gas chromatography-triple quadrupole-mass spectrometry (GC TQ-MS) were used for the rapid determination of 11 fungicides (metalaxyl, cyprodinil, procymidone, iprovalicarb, myclobutanyl, kresoxim-methyl, benalaxyl, fenhexamide, tebuconazole, iprodione and dimeth...

A simple methodology based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of different classes of preservatives including benzoates, bronidox, 2-phenoxyethanol, parabens, BHA, BHT and triclosan in cosmetic products. In situ acetylation and sub...

Ultrasound-assisted emulsification–microextraction (USAEME) demonstrated its applicability for the analysis in waters of 2-phenylphenol (PP), 4-tert-butylphenol (TBP), benzothiazole (BTZ) and piperonyl butoxide (PBO), belonging to different chemical families, and all of them characterised by its high production volume. In the developed USAEME proce...

Wild shrubs belonging to Cytisus scoparius are widely distributed throughout the world, and they are considered a threat to other species in some countries. Cytisus spp. mainly grow in disturbed areas and their presence often favours the rapid spread of fire. Theaim of this study was to evaluate whether such shrubs could be processed by vermicompos...

In recent years, great efforts have been focused on the development of new analytical methodologies to determine the main groups of cosmetic ingredients, among which preservatives, fragrance allergens, synthetic musks, phthalates, and other plasticizers have become subject of great social and scientific concern. Due to the complexity of cosmetic ma...

Matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were used for the rapid determination of 18 plasticizers (phthalates and adipates), 7 polycyclic musks and 5 nitromusks, which makes a total of 30 targets, in both rinse-off and leave-on cosmetic formulations. The MSPD method was miniaturized and customized to avoid or mi...

Changes in lifestyle and the development of leisure activities and holiday habits, as well as tanning for cosmetic purposes either by sunbathing or by using artificial tanning devices has led to a general increase in daily exposure of the skin to ultraviolet (UV) light. Accordingly, the cosmetic industry has developed a range of sunscreen formulati...

The ubiquitous atmospheric distribution of many contaminants highlights that we are continuously exposed to a wide diversity of chemicals in the indoor environment. Among others, inhalation is a main exposure pathway for indoor pollutants. This chapter covers current air-sampling techniques for conventional and emerging organic compounds that occur...

Cosmetic companies are required to control the optimal preservation of their commercial products, since microbial contamination in cosmetics represents an important risk for consumer health. Fast methods for cosmetic microbiological testing are of great industrial importance, facilitating the rapid release of products into the market. In this work,...

Baby hygiene and care products are daily used cosmetics intended to cleanse and protect the delicate skin of babies. However, the formulation of this kind of product may contain a highly complex mixture of chemicals such as fragrances and preservatives, some of which have been shown to act as strong sensitizers and allergens. As a result of the wid...

In this work, the development of a new efficient methodology applying, for the first time, matrix solid phase dispersion (MSPD) for the determination of sensitizer isothiazolinone biocides in cosmetics and household products - 2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone (MI), 5-chloro-2-methyl-3-isothiazolinone (CMI), 1,2-benzisothiazolinone (BzI) and 2-octyl-3-iso...

The exceptional properties of the ILs make them ideal for gas chromatography stationary phases. New stationary phases exhibiting good separation selectivity, high efficiency, and high thermal stability are in high demand. Recently, several gas chromatographic capillary columns containing IL stationary phases of various polarities have been introduc...

In this study, the presence of hazardous organic chemicals in surfaces containing recycled rubber tires is investigated. Direct material analyses using solvent extraction, as well as SPME analysis of the vapour phase above the sample, were carried out. Twenty-one rubber mulch samples were collected from nine different playgrounds. In addition, seve...

Matrix solid-phase extraction has been successfully applied for the determination of multi-class preservatives in a wide variety of cosmetic samples including rinse-off and leave-on products. After extraction, derivatization with acetic anhydride, and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis were performed. Optimization studies were done on re...

An effective low cost sample preparation methodology for the determination of regulated fragrance allergens in leave-on and rinse-off cosmetics has been developed applying, for the first time, matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) to this kind of analytes and samples. The selection of the most suitable extraction conditions was made using statistica...

Photo-SPME has recently been developed in our laboratory as a useful technique in elucidating the photodegradation mechanisms of a variety of environmental pollutants, permitting the simultaneous analysis of both primary compounds and photoproducts. This technique, in which a SPME fibre is used as support for photochemical studies, can be considere...

A simple, fast, robust and reliable multicomponent analytical method applicable in control laboratories with a high throughput level has been developed to analyze commercial brands of perfumes. Contents of 52 cosmetic ingredients belonging to different chemical families can be determined in a single run. Instrumental linearity, precision of the met...

Many contaminants are adsorbed by particulate matter suspended in indoor air, which later settles out as house dust, acting as a sink for semi- and non-volatile hazardous substances. Hence, inhalation of indoor air and particulate matter as well as dermal adsorption and unnoticed ingestion of indoor dust, have been recognized as important exposure...

A new method based on solid phase dispersion-pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been developed for the determination of 26 suspected fragrance allergens (all the regulated in the EU Cosmetics Directive amenable by GC, as well as pinene and methyleugenol) in cosmetic samples. The effects...

Fragrance suspected allergens including those regulated by the EU Directive 76/768/EEC have been determined in different types of waters using solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The procedure was based on headspace sampling (HS-SPME) using polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB) fibers and ha...

The consequences of the use of pesticides in agricultural activities for food and feed product safety are subjects of major concern. In the present work, simple and environmentally friendly methodologies were applied to the analysis of soil and cattle feed samples collected in dairy cattle farms from Galicia (NW Spain). This forms part of an integr...

A method based on ultrasound-assisted emulsification-microextraction (USAEME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been developed for the analysis of regulated fragrance allergens in water. Extraction conditions such as the type of solvent, extraction temperature, irradiation time, and salting-out effect were optimized using a multi...

An effective one-step sample preparation methodology for the determination of multiclass preservatives in cosmetics has been developed, applying, for the first time to this kind of matrix, pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) and a very simple, cheap, and fast derivatization procedure: acetylation with acetic anhydride and pyridine. A multifactorial...

Exposure to fragrance substances is exponentially increasing in our daily life due to the enhanced use of scented products. Some fragrances are known to be important sensitizers, inhalation being an important exposure pathway in indoor environments. A simple and sensitive method based on solid-phase enrichment and solid-phase microextraction (SPME)...

5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane (bronidox) is a bromine-containing preservative often used in rinse-off cosmetics but also subjected to several restrictions according to the European Cosmetic Products Regulation. Thus, as a part of a quality control procedure, analytical methods for the determination of this compound in different types of cosmetics are...

Flame retardants, surfactants, pharmaceutical and personal care products, among other compounds, have been the object of numerous environmental studies. In this chapter, the application of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) in the development of analytical methods for several groups of organic compounds with growing concern as emerging pollutants...

In the last few years, the concern about pollutants present in indoor environments has greatly increased since in developed countries people spend large amounts of time indoors. The markedly growing consumption of cosmetics, air fresheners, house-cleaners, biocides, as well as the increase in the use of new building materials in carpeting, paints,...

Fragrances are ubiquitous pollutants in the environment, present in the most of household products, air fresheners, insecticides and cosmetics. Commercial perfumes may contain hundreds of individual fragrance chemicals. In addition to the widespread use and exposure to fragranced products, many of the raw fragrance materials have limited available...

The characterization of by-products arising from the UV photodegradation of two insecticide pyrethroids lacking the cyclopropane ring (flucythrinate and fenvalerate) has been investigated by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Twenty photoproducts were tentatively identified mainly based on the interpretation of the experimen...

Simultaneous ultrasound-assisted emulsification-microextraction (USAEME) and derivatization combined with gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) is proposed for the first time for the analysis of parabens, triclosan and related phenols in water samples. In situ acetylation was successfully applied for the derivatization of target co...

Photo-solid-phase microextraction (photo-SPME) has been employed to study the photolysis of three common indoor air pollutants: coumarin, butylated hydroxytoluene, 2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene. Analytes were first extracted by SPME, and the fibre was subsequently exposed to an irradiation source (i.e. xenon arc or low-pressure mercury lamp) for the s...

A method for the determination of dimethyl fumarate (DMF), benzothiazole (BT) and tert-butylphenol (TBP) in desiccant and antimould agents employed for protecting consumer products from humidity and mould has been developed. The method is based on ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) followed by GC-MS analysis. Parameters that could affect the extr...

A method based on solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) has been optimized for the determination of fragrance allergens in water samples. This is the first study devoted to this family of cosmetic ingredients performed by SPME. The influence of parameters such as fibre coating, extraction and desorption...