
Carmen Silvia Gabriel- PHD in health administration
- Professor (Associate) at University of São Paulo
Carmen Silvia Gabriel
- PHD in health administration
- Professor (Associate) at University of São Paulo
About
122
Publications
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Introduction
Carmen Silvia Gabriel currently works at the Ribeirao Preto College of Nursing (EERP), University of São Paulo. Carmen does research in Human Biology. Current research interests:health managment; quality assesment and patient safety.
Current projects:
MANAGEMENT MODELS: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE BRAZILIAN AND CANADIAN CONTEXTS'
Assess the incidence and preventability of adverse events in Brazilian hospitals
Current institution
Additional affiliations
September 2008 - June 2017
September 2008 - May 2016
September 2008 - present
Education
September 2011 - March 2012
Publications
Publications (122)
Objetivo: analizar la relación entre el ejercicio del liderazgo auténtico por parte de los coordinadores y la satisfacción en el trabajo de los profesores de los cursos de pregrado en enfermería de universidades públicas federales. Método: se trata de un estudio con enfoque cuantitativo, diseño observacional analítico y transversal. Se seleccionaro...
Objective:to analyze the relationship between the exercise of authentic leadership by coordinators and job satisfaction among professors of undergraduate nursing courses at federal public universities.
Method:this is a quantitative study with an observational, analytical, and cross-sectional design. Twelve undergraduate nursing courses at public hi...
Objetivo: analisar a relação entre o exercício da liderança autêntica pelos coordenadores e a satisfação no trabalho de professores dos cursos de graduação em enfermagem de universidades públicas federais. Método: trata-se de um estudo de abordagem quantitativa, com delineamento observacional analítico e transversal. Doze cursos de graduação em enf...
Aim
To analyse the relationship between authentic nursing leadership and safety climates across hospital settings during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Background
Authentic nursing leadership shapes the safety climate by fostering positive perceptions of workplace policies, processes, procedures and practices that influence how safety is prioritised and a...
Objective
to reflect on the perspectives of adopting the Progress Test in undergraduate nursing education.
Methods
this is a reflective study, based on authors’ critical thinking and supported by national and international literature on the Progress Test application in undergraduate health courses.
Results
the Progress Test is as a valuable teach...
Objective
to assess the incidence of complications related to peripherally inserted central catheters in hospitalized adult patients with Covid-19 and to discuss the potential benefits of employing insertion technologies to prevent complications.
Method
a descriptive, exploratory and cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2020 to December...
Objective
to assess the incidence of complications related to peripherally inserted central catheters in hospitalized adult patients with Covid-19 and to discuss the potential benefits of employing insertion technologies to prevent complications.
Method
a descriptive, exploratory and cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2020 to December...
Objetivo:
Relatar a experiência da implementação do Consórcio dos Cursos de Enfermagem Paulistas para o Teste de Progresso.
Método:
Trata-se de relato de experiência da atuação do consórcio na elaboração e aplicação do Teste de Progresso para as Escolas de Enfermagem Públicas Paulistas nos anos de 2019, 2021 e 2022, com análise descritiva do proce...
Objective
To report the experience of implementing the São Paulo Nursing Courses Consortium for the Progress Test.
Method
This is an experience report of the consortium’s work in Progress Test preparation and application for Public Schools of Nursing in São Paulo in 2019, 2021 and 2022, with a descriptive analysis of the work process and the resul...
RESUMO Objetivo: refletir acerca das perspectivas da adoção do Teste de Progresso no ensino de graduação em enfermagem. Métodos: trata-se de estudo reflexivo, baseado no pensamento crítico das autoras e sustentado na literatura nacional e internacional sobre a aplicação do teste de progresso em cursos de graduação na área da saúde. Resultados: o te...
Safety culture is understood as the set of individual and group values, attitudes, perceptions, competencies and behaviour patterns that determine the commitment, style and proficiency of managing a healthy and safe organization. Health institutions must be aware of the existence of an organizational culture of low expectations, characterized by la...
Objectives
to analyze the incidence of preventable adverse events related to health care in adult patients admitted to public hospitals in Brazil.
Methods
observational, analytical, retrospective study based on medical records review.
Results
medical records from 370 patients were evaluated, 58 of whom had at least one adverse event. The incidenc...
Objectives
to analyze the incidence of preventable adverse events related to health care in adult patients admitted to public hospitals in Brazil.
Methods
observational, analytical, retrospective study based on medical records review.
Results
medical records from 370 patients were evaluated, 58 of whom had at least one adverse event. The incidenc...
Objective:
to identify the knowledge produced in the literature about the influence of nurse leadership on the safety of hospitalized patients.
Method:
integrative review with search in LILACS, PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Original articles published between 2017 and 2022 in Portuguese, English or Spanish were included. The...
Objective. To analyze the incidence and avoidability of adverse events in adult patients hospitalized in an emergency care unit in the countryside of Minas Gerais.
Methods. A cohort study, with a retrospective review of 296 medical records using screening (phase 1) and evaluation (phase 2) forms, completed by non-medical professionals and physician...
Resumo Objetivo Analisar a incidência e a evitabilidade de eventos adversos em pacientes adultos internados em uma unidade de pronto atendimento no município do interior mineiro. Métodos Estudo de coorte, com revisão retrospectiva de 296 prontuários por meio do uso de formulários de rastreamento (fase 1) e avaliação (fase 2), preenchidos por profis...
Introducción: Los problemas relacionados con la seguridad del paciente en el contexto prehospitalario son poco explorados, pero esenciales, dada la vulnerabilidad a incidentes. Objetivo: analizar el clima de seguridad del paciente desde la perspectiva del equipo multidisciplinario que actúa en la Atención Prehospitalaria Móvil (APS). Materiales y M...
Objetivo: analisar a formação, composição e funcionamento dos Núcleos de Segurança do Paciente em hospitais de um município do interior de São Paulo. Métodos: estudo quantitativo, exploratório-descritivo, com dados coletados pelo pesquisador principal em Núcleos de Segurança do Paciente de hospitais gerais e especializados. Aplicado instrumento, de...
RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a formação, composição e funcionamento dos Núcleos de Segurança do Paciente em hospitais de um município do interior de São Paulo. Métodos: estudo quantitativo, exploratório-descritivo, com dados coletados pelo pesquisador principal em Núcleos de Segurança do Paciente de hospitais gerais e especializados. Aplicado instrume...
Objective
analyze Resonant Leadership style among the nurse managers from the perspective of nurse managers and nurses.
Methods
cross-sectional study, carried out in a hospital in Guyana. Participants were 171 registered nurses and nurse managers. Data were collected from July to October 2020 using Resonant Leadership scale and a socio demographic...
Objetivo: identificar os potenciais eventos adversos e os diagnósticos de enfermagem relacionados em pacientes internados na unidade de terapia intensiva. Método: estudo observacional descritivo, com revisão retrospectiva de prontuários de pacientes adultos internados em unidade de terapia intensiva. Utilizou-se o formulário de rastreamento de pote...
The objective of this study was to analyze aspects related to interprofessional education in healthcare through the assessment of the syllabi of undergraduate nursing programs in Brazil. An observational, descriptive study was conducted in two phases. The first phase involved identification of programs, and the second phase involved documental anal...
Objective:
to establish the psychometric properties of the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ) applied to Brazilian nurses.
Method:
cross-sectional observational study with a non-probabilistic sample. The psychometric properties of the RATER and SELF versions of the ALQ were calculated using confirmatory factor analysis with the WLSMV robus...
Objective
To analyse the expenses with hospitalizations by Sensitive Conditions to the Primary Care at the Minas Gerais State.
Methods
Ecological and retrospective study of the hospitalizations from 2014 to 2019, with data from the Hospital Information System, analysed through descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon paired test.
Results
We observed a d...
Objective: to establish the psychometric properties of the Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ) applied to Brazilian nurses. Method: cross-sectional observational study with a non-probabilistic sample. The psychometric properties of the RATER and SELF versions of the ALQ were calculated using confirmatory factor analysis with the WLSMV robust e...
Resumen Objetivo: estimar las propiedades psicométricas del Authentic Leadership Questionnaire (ALQ) aplicado a enfermeros brasileños. Método: estudio observacional transversal con muestreo no probabilístico. Las propiedades psicométricas de las versiones RATER y SELF del ALQ se estimaron mediante análisis factorial confirmatorio con el método de e...
Objective:
to evaluate the impact of a quality improvement program in the reduction of errors related to vaccine administration.
Method:
an intervention study aimed at comparing outcome measures before (Phase I) and after (Phase II) the implementation of a quality improvement program. It was carried out in a Basic Health Unit in the inland of São...
Objetivo: Investigar se a percepção da cultura de segurança do paciente cirúrgico difere entre profissionais de enfermagem e medicina atuantes em instituição pública de ensino brasileira. Método: Survey e transversal conduzido em hospital da região sul do Brasil. Foi aplicado o questionário Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture a 158 profission...
Objective: To assess primary health care features from the perspective of professionals in a Brazilian municipality with 100% of Family Health Strategy coverage. Methods: Analytical observational study, with a cross-sectional design, involving 83 primary healthcare professionals. It applied the Primary Care Assessment Tool, professional version, wh...
Objetivo: analisar as readmissões hospitalares em instituições públicas e privadas de um município de grande porte populacional. Método: Estudo observacional analítico das readmissões ocorridas em Ribeirão Preto, em 2011, em hospitais públicos e privados. Resultados: Identificou-se 16.123 readmissões hospitalares em 11 hospitais, com taxa média de...
Objective
To analyze the incidence and preventability of adverse events related to health care in adult patients admitted to a Brazilian teaching hospital.
Methods
A retrospective cohort study, in which the incidence and preventability of adverse events related to health care were based on a two-stage retrospective review of 368 medical records (n...
Objective:
To investigate relationships among flexible and hierarchical organizational cultures, quality improvement domains, and authentic leadership competencies in Canadian healthcare facilities.
Method:
Observational cross-sectional study conducted in Alberta, Canada. Nurse managers (n=226) completed a survey including validated measures of or...
Objetivo: Identificar e analisar os aspectos relacionados às práticas da liderança exemplar na perspectiva dos enfermeiros do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU), distinguindo a autopercepção desses profissionais enquanto líderes e caracterizando a percepção da liderança exercida por enfermeiros integrantes de suas equipes. Método: Estu...
Objective:
To identify and analyze the existing scientific production on the positive aspects of authentic leadership in the nurse’s work process.
Method:
This is an integrative literature review. The databases used were Scientific Electronic Library Online; Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences; and National Library of Medici...
Objective:
To highlight the scientific production related to the use of the retrospective chart review methods to assess the incidence and preventability of adverse events in hospitals.
Method:
An integrative review in the MEDLINE, LILACS, SCOPUS, Web of Science and EMBASE databases conducted in May 2019 with the following guiding question: What i...
Objective:
to evaluate the correlation between the practice of Coaching Leadership performed by nursing coordinators and job satisfaction, in the self-perception of coordinators and the perception of nursing technicians of the Mobile Emergency Care Service.
Method:
a descriptive, correlational study that used the Questionnaire on Self-Perception o...
Objetivo:
Analisar a Liderança Coaching exercida pelos coordenadores de enfermagem nas unidades do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência, na percepção dos coordenadores e técnicos de enfermagem, além da sua correlação com três variáveis sociodemográficas.
Método:
Estudo descritivo e analítico realizado com coordenadores de enfermagem e técnicos...
Objective:
To evaluate the quality of nursing care in a hospital using quality indicators.
Method:
observational, prospective, cross-sectional study conducted at the Inpatient Medical and Surgical Units of a philanthropic hospital in Minas Gerais, Brazil for 14 consecutive days in 2017, using the Active Search Registration instrument, developed an...
Objective:
To identify and compare the self-perception of nurses and the perception of nursing aides and nursing technicians towards coaching leadership practices.
Method:
This was a cross-sectional study carried out in 2016 with 69 nurses and 233 nursing aides and technicians from two public hospitals in the Brazilian state of São Paulo. The rese...
Objective:
To identify quality of service in an accredited specialized hospital according to nursing professionals' expectations and perceptions.
Method:
This is a cross-sectional quantitative study with the participation of 34 employees, conducted from August to October 2017 by administration of an adapted and validated version of the SERVQUAL...
Objective:
Analyze the literature for knowledge about charismatic leadership among nursing professionals.
Method:
This is an integrative review of the literature that searched for studies published in English, Portuguese and Spanish until 2016 in the following electronic databases: LILACS, Pubmed, SCOPUS, Web of Science, and CINAHL.
Results:
T...
Objective
To analyze the occurrence of adverse events associated to the use of equipment and materials in nursing care.
Method
Quantitative, descriptive study, using the electronic records of adverse events notifications in an accredited hospital.
Results
A total of 1,065 adverse events were reported, of which 180 (16.9%) were related to the use...
Objective:
To assess the Supervised Curricular Internship of the Nursing undergraduate course of two higher education institutions in the state of São Paulo based on specific skills described in the Brazilian National Curriculum Guidelines regarding preparation to the development of nursing care and management actions from the perceptions of profe...
Objetivo:
avaliar a cultura de segurança do paciente das equipes de enfermagem no contexto hospitalar.
Método:
sob o ponto de vista da enfermagem foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, tipo survey, transversal. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre junho e julho de 2013. Foi utilizado o questionário Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, respondido p...
pre>
Objetivo: avaliar os resultados de programas de melhoria da qualidade no contexto hospitalar. Método: revisão integrativa de artigos publicados, no período de 2003 a 2016, nas bases de dados MEDLINE, LILACS e CINAHL. Resultados: foram identificados 12 instrumentos com diferentes métodos de avaliação, a saber: questionários, entrevistas semies...
Objetivo:
investigar o conhecimento dos profissionais de enfermagem e farmacêuticos em relação à identificação de medicamentos potencialmente perigosos, bem como verificar o reconhecimento das barreiras de prevenção de erros nas instituições hospitalares.
Método:
estudo transversal, tipo inquérito, realizado em unidades de terapia intensiva de qua...
Objective:
Analyze the perception of graduates, undergraduates and professors about the teaching-learning process of the Supervised Curricular Internship (SCI) of Nursing Undergraduate Courses and in light of the development of management competencies.
Method:
Qualitative study based on the Mayan content analysis from a questionnaire of objective...
Objective:
To identify the available scientific evidence about the use of instruments for the evaluation of leadership in health and nursing services and verify the use of leadership styles/models/theories in the construction of these tools.
Method:
Integrative literature review of indexed studies in the LILACS, PUBMED, CINAHL and EMBASE databas...
Objective:
to evaluate the use of Standard Operational Protocols (SOPs) in the professional practice of the nursing team based on the theoretical framework of Donabedian, as well as to identify the weaknesses and potentialities from its implementation.
Method:
Evaluative research, with quantitative approach performed with nursing professionals w...
This study aimed to identify the impact of hospital accreditation programs from the nurses' perspective. This quantitative, descriptive, exploratory study was performed in a private general hospital. This institution is accredited with Excellence (Level III, the highest) by the Brazilian National Accreditation Organization. Data collection was cond...
Objective
To identify and analyze knowledge about the relationship between leadership and nursing job satisfaction.
Methods
An integrative review of the MEDLINE, CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, and LILACS databases to answer the guiding question: What knowledge was produced about the relationship between leadership and nursing job satisfac...
The objective was to analyze the reporting of adverse events at accredited hospitals in the interior of the state of São Paulo from the nursing team’s perspective. Descriptive and cross-sectional survey with a quantitative approach, undertaken at three accredited hospitals in the interior of the state of São Paulo, with a sample of 61 nurses and 25...
Objetivou-se analisar a notificação de eventos adversos em hospitais acreditados do interior de São Paulo, sob a perspectiva da equipe de enfermagem. Estudo descritivo, tipo survey, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado em três hospitais acreditados do interior do estado de São Paulo, com amostra de 61 enfermeiros e 250 técnicos e auxi...
Objective
to analyze managers and professionals' perceptions on the changes in hospital management deriving from accreditation.
Method
descriptive study with qualitative approach. The participants were five hospital quality managers and 91 other professionals from a wide range of professional categories, hierarchical levels and activity areas at f...
Objective:
to describe the results of face and content validation of the questionnaire entitled Quality Improvement Implementation Survey, and of two complementary scales as part of the adaptation process to the Brazilian language and culture.
Method:
included the following stages: (1) translation and synthesis of translations; (2) consideration b...
Objective:
to describe the patient safety strategy implantation process through the perspective of nurse managers.
Method:
a qualitative descriptive-exploratory approach, performed with 72 nurse managers from four public university hospitals in Paraná. The data were collected through a recorded interview, guided by the question: “Tell me about you...
Objective: To describe the translation into Portuguese and cultural adaptation of a Questionnaire addressing High-Alert Medications
to the Brazilian context.
Methods:Methodological study comprising the translation from Chinese to Brazilian Portuguese, synthesis of translations, back
translation, panel of experts, and pretest to obtain the fi nal...
Este estudo objetivou identificar a opinião de enfermeiros sobre indicadores de qualidade da assistência de enfermagem. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, transversal, de abordagem quantitativa, realizada em quatro hospitais de média e alta complexidade do norte do Paraná, em 2012. A amostra foi composta por 64 enfermeiros que atuam na assistênci...
Aims and objectivesTo gain an understanding of medication safety culture and other quality issues in a Brazilian intensive care unit using a restorative approach. Background
Patient safety should be considered one of the pillars of quality in health care. Thus, patient safety culture is increasingly being explored as a guide for quality improvement...
Estudo descritivo de abordagem quantitativa que teve como objetivo identificar a opinião de enfermeiros gerentes de hospitais de ensino sobre a pertinência de indicadores de qualidade para gerenciar os serviços de enfermagem. A população foi composta por nove gestores dos serviços de enfermagem de hospitais de ensino do estado do Paraná. Os dados f...
RESUMO
Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e quantitativo, cujo objetivo é identificar os incidentes relacionados a medicamentos e seus fatores determinantes descritos em notificações espontâneas, em um hospital público do Estado de São Paulo. Os incidentes foram identificados a partir de 189 notificações espontâneas enviadas ao Núcleo de Segurança do...
This study’s aim was to describe the experience of implementing the Brazilian Network for Nursing and Patient Safety, as well activities intended to disseminate a culture of patient safety in health and educational institutions. This is an experiment report. The Brazilian Network was completed six years ago and, since its establishment, has promote...
Objective: To analyze scientific literature about organizational culture’s influence in facilitating participatory management in health organizations. Method: integrative review of literature; Databases: Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, LILACS, PubMed e Medline. Inclusion criteria: original and review papers, available in Portuguese, English or Span...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the actions of patient safety management developed in hospitals, from the perspective of nurses.
METHOD
This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study of the survey type. Participants were seven hospitals, in which seven nurse managers and 49 sector coordinator nurses (n = 56) answered the instrument prepared by the author.
RE...
tudy conducted with the objective of understanding the assistant nurses’ perception of a philanthropic institution about the computer use at work. The data collection happened in January 2013, through interviews with 12 nurses who answered the question: tell me about the computer use at your work. The data were treated using the content analysis te...
Descriptive study of quantitative approach aimed at identifying the use of nursing care quality indicators in teaching
hospitals. The population consisted of nine nursing care managers from nine teaching hospitals. Data collection was
done through an electronic questionnaire on the characterization of the nurses and the use of quality indicators...
Estudo com o objetivo identificar o conhecimento de alunos em Enfermagem de uma universidade publica do interior paulista sobre seguranca do paciente. Trata-se de estudo quantitativo, transversal, entre maio e junho de 2011. Participaram 118 alunos regularmente matriculados no terceiro, quarto e quinto anos. Questionario autoaplicavel foi analisado...
Study to identify the knowledge of Nursing students at a public university in the interior of the
State of São Paulo about patient safety. Quantitative, cross-sectional study developed between May and June
2011. The participants were 118 students regularly enrolled in the third, fourth and fifth year. A self-applied
questionnaire was analyzed wi...
The study aims to understand the meaning that nursing students give to the management of nursing care.For this
purpose, we chose the qualitative approach, based on phenomenology. The settings of the study were two
undergraduate nursing courses at a public university, located in Sao Paulo State. Directive interview conducted
with 26 students. Acco...
This study’s objective was to identify changes in decision-making arising from the revitalization of the participatory management model and how these changes impacted the daily work of the nursing staff, as well as to identify potential difficulties. This qualitative case study was conducted in a public hospital in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. P...
Objective: To identify indicators adopted by nursing services in teaching hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional, quantitative, non-experimental and descriptive study was conducted in 11 teaching hospitals in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected using a questionnaire given to those responsible for the nursing services. The data were a...
The objective of this study was to analyze supervision ofMobile Emergency Assistance Service (SAMU, as per its
acronym in Portuguese) in a municipality of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A qualitative study using thematic content
analysis for data analysis was developed. Data were collected in 2011 with a SAMU coordinator and 27 nursing aides
wh...
O estudo objetivou compreender o significado que os estudantes de enfermagem atribuem a gerencia da assistencia de enfermagem. Para essa finalidade optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa, na vertente da fenomenologia. O cenario do estudo foram dois cursos de Graduacao em Enfermagem de uma Universidade Publica, situada no Estado de Sao Paulo. Foi reali...
AimTo analyse experiences of managers and nursing staff in the implementation of participatory management, specifically processes of decision-making, communication and power in a Canadian hospital.Background
Implementing a Participatory Management Model involves change because it is focused on the needs of patients and encourages decentralisation o...
This study's objective was to identify changes in decision-making arising from the revitalization of the participatory management model and how these changes impacted the daily work of the nursing staff, as well as to identify potential difficulties. This qualitative case study was conducted in a public hospital in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. P...
The objective of this study was to analyze the contributions that research has made to leadership in nursing within the context of emergency care services from 2001 to 2012. This Integrative Literature Review included studies indexed in the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), Medical Literature Analysis and R...
The objective of this study was to analyze the perception that healthcare professionals make of permanent and/or continuing education at the Mobile Emergency Care Services in a municipality in São Paulo state. This qualitative study was performed using thematic content analysis. Interviews were conducted with 30 healthcare professionals, which reve...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of nursing care at a private hospital based on structure, process and results indicators through direct patient observation and by analyzing patient records using an active search record. A total of 375 observations were made and descriptive statistics was used to verify the adequacy rate of t...
O estudo objetivou avaliar a qualidade dos cuidados de enfermagem em um hospital público de um município do interior do Estado de São Paulo a partir de indicadores de estrutura, processo e resultados, por meio da observação direta de pacientes e da análise de prontuários utilizando-se um instrumento de registro de busca ativa. Foram realizadas 720...
The objective of this study was to evaluate the quality of nursing care at a private hospital based on structure, process and results indicators through direct patient observation and by analyzing patient records using an active search record. A total of 375 observations were made and descriptive statistics was used to verify the adequacy rate of t...
The objective of this study was to analyze the perception that healthcare professionals make of permanent and/or continuing education at the Mobile Emergency Care Services in a municipality in São Paulo state. This qualitative study was performed using thematic content analysis. Interviews were conducted with 30 healthcare professionals, which reve...
: The study aimed to identify the values and practices which characterize the organizational culture of a public hospital in the view of the nurses. This is descriptive research structured based on Hofstede’s framework and undertaken in a public hospital in the interior of the state of São Paulo. The sample was represented by 52 nurses. Data collec...
el objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los valores y prácticas que caracterizan a la cultura organizacional de un hospital público en la perspectiva de las enfermeras. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo estructurado a partir de la teoría de Hofstede y desarrollado en un hospital público en el interior del Estado de São Paulo. La muestra estuvo...
RESUMO Estudo com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido em universidade pública do interior do Estado de São Paulo com o objetivo de identificar o conceito de qualidade na assistência de enfermagem hospitalar na perspectiva de alunos do último ano do curso de Bacharelado em Enfermagem. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 24 alunos, sen...