Carmen Bax

Politecnico di Milano | Polimi · Department of Chemistry, Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta"

Prostate cancer (PCa) represents the cause of the second highest number of cancer-related deaths worldwide, and its clinical presentation can range from slow-growing to rapidly spreading metastatic disease. As the characteristics of most cases of PCa remains incompletely understood, it is crucial to identify new biomarkers that can aid in early det...

Odours are subjected to regulations in many countries, and acceptability criteria for odour impacts are established in terms of frequency of exceedance of a given odour concentration level, to be determined by odour dispersion modelling. However, there are several situations in which such approaches cannot be applied, and the use of methods capable...

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of a new electronic nose to recognize prostate cancer in urine samples. Methods: A blind, prospective study on consecutive patients was designed. Overall, 174 subjects were included in the study: 88 (50.6%) in prostate cancer group, and 86 (49.4%) in control group. Electronic nose performance for prostate canc...

Background: Non-invasive, bedside diagnostic tools are extremely important for tailo ring the management of respiratory failure patients. The use of electronic noses (ENs) for exhaled breath analysis has the potential to provide useful information for phenotyping different respiratory disorders and improving diagnosis, but their application in res...

Diagnostic protocol for prostate cancer (KP) is affected by poor accuracy and high false positive rate. The most promising innovative approach is based on urine analysis by electronic noses (EN), highlighting a specific correlation between urine alteration and KP presence. Although it could be exploited to develop non-invasive KP diagnostic tools,...

More than one million new cases of prostate cancer (PCa) were reported worldwide in 2020, and a significant increase of PCa incidence up to 2040 is estimated. Despite potential treatability in early stages, PCa diagnosis is challenging because of late symptoms’ onset and limits of current screening procedures. It has been now accepted that cell tra...

In recent years, electronic noses have been successfully adopted for odour detection and characterization in different fields, as environmental monitoring, safety, food quality control and clinical diagnosis [1-4]. However, industrial applications are still limited [5]. One of the major criticalities associated to e-nose adoption is sensor drift, w...

In the second half of the 20th century, inkjet printing has rapidly evolved from a mere digital image reproduction technique into a highly versatile materials deposition technology. Recently, inkjet production of metal oxide-based gas sensors (MOS) has emerged, and inkjet sensors have been proposed for different applications. In this context, this...

In recent years, electronic noses have been successfully adopted for odour detection and characterization in different fields, as environmental monitoring, safety, food quality control and clinical diagnosis [1-4]. However, industrial applications are still limited [5]. One of the major criticalities associated to e-nose adoption is sensor drift, w...

Odor pollution is nowadays recognized as a serious environmental concern. Italy still lacks a national regulation about odors, but several regions issued specific guidelines and regulations regarding odor emissions management, which combine olfactometric measurements with dispersion modeling for assessing odor impacts and verifying compliance with...

In recent years, citizens’ attention towards air quality and pollution has increased significantly, and nowadays, odor pollution related to different industrial activities is recognized as a well-known environmental issue. For this reason, odors are subjected to control and regulation in many countries, and specific methods for odor measurement hav...

Cancer is one of the major causes of mortality worldwide and its already large burden is projected to increase significantly in the near future with a predicted 22 million new cancer cases and 13 million cancer-related deaths occurring annually by 2030. Unfortunately, current procedures for diagnosis are characterized by low diagnostic accuracies....

Sensor drift is one of the main problems connected to gas sensors, and is one of the main responsible of their limited diffusion and adoption for different real-life applications. For this reason, different algorithms have been proposed in literature for drift mitigation. This paper has the main objective of giving an overview of the methods that c...

Electronic noses capability to simulate human olfaction makes these instruments perfect for direct characterization of odours directly where their presence is lamented. However, the lack of regulation about instrument minimum requirements and standardization limits their widespread diffusion for the determination of the odour impact relevant to a s...

Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of cancer death among men. It is an asymptomatic and slow growing tumour, which starts occurring in young men, but can be detected only around the age of 40–50. Although its long latency period and potential curability make prostate cancer a perfect candidate for screening programs, the current proced...