Carlos F Quiros

University of California, Davis | UCD · Department of Plant Sciences

Geneticist, plant explorer, germplasm conservationist and educator Miguel Holle passed away surrounded by his family in Lima Peru on April 11, 2023.

Evolution of the Brassica species has been recursively affected by polyploidy events, and comparison to their relative, Arabidopsis thaliana, provides means to explore their genomic complexity. A genome-wide physical map of a rapid-cycling strain of B. oleracea was constructed by integrating high-information-content fingerprinting (HICF) of Bacteri...

Ten genome-specific probes were developed from Brassica napus and B. oleracea genomic DNA libraries. Selection was based on polymorphism between and limited variation within genomes, permitting their localization on six individual C-genome chromosomes. Chromosome assignment was accomplished by using two sets of B. campestris – oleracea alien additi...

The chromosome complement of Brassica oleracea (2n = 18) was dissected by means of alien chromosome addition lines generated by successive backcrosses of either of two B. campestris accessions (2n = 20) to the resynthesized B. napus 'Hakuran' (2n = 38). Alien chromosome addition lines were characterized by chromosome counts, morphology, pollen and...

Restriction maps for rRNA genes of the three cultivated diploid species Brassica nigra, B. oleracea, and B. campestris are described using the rDNA map of radish as a standard. rDNA subunit heterogeneity similar to that found in radish was observed in the Brassica species, thus resulting in complex hybridization patterns. Brassica campestris could...

Sequences homologous to rRNA, napin, cruciferin, self-incompatibility, isocitrate lyase, and malate synthase were mapped to the Brassica oleracea genome. Four segregating populations were used to disclose possible distortions in segregation and linkage ratios while maximizing detectable polymorphism. rRNA mapped to three unlinked loci, which reside...

A Brassica oleracea linkage map was constructed from an F2 population of 69 individuals with sequences previously mapped independently in three linkage maps of this species. These were the maps published by Kianian and Quiros (1992), Landry et al. (1992), and Camargo et al. (1997). The base map developed in this study consisted of 167 RFLP loci in...

The cytological behavior during meiosis of extra constitutive heterochromatin and the effects of such additions to the tomato genome were investigated. The main source of extra heterochromatin was 2S∙2S, a completely heterochromatic isochromosome carrying a nucleolar organizer in each of its arms. Meiotic behavior of a half-heterochromatic, tertiar...

The breakdown products of glucosinolates (gsl) are biologically active secondary metabolites involved in plant defense and human nutrition. We identified and quantified 14 different gsl present in the young leaves of 82 different varieties of Brassica rapa, including the following crops: Chinese cabbage, broccoleto, Pak choi and other leafy vegetab...

Unlabelled: Premise of the study: As a crop and medicinal plant, the octoploid Andean endemic Lepidium meyenii suffers from taxonomic uncertainty. Few molecular markers are available to genotype individuals or track gene flow in wild and cultivated material. • Methods and results: Using available sequence data, eight cpSSR primer pairs were de...

Breeding rapeseed for enhanced oil quality includes the development of varieties with low linolenic acid content. The breeder also aims to develop varieties with a high linoleic acid content because of its nutritional value. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers have been developed for l...

This paper analyzes the genetic diversity of mashua cultivars grown in six communities in the Cusco region of Perú, of non-cultivated forms collected in the same region, and a sample of cultivars from the germplasm collection at the International Potato Center (CIP). From the DNA fingerprinting generated by SRAP markers, it is clear that mashua is...

Glucosinolates (GSL) present in cultivated and feral accessions of mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum í & Pavón) were identified and quantfied by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The nwin glucosinolates detected were aromatic: 4—Hydroxybenzyl GSL (OHB, Glucosinalbin), Benzyl GSL (B, Glucotropaeolin), and m—Methoxybenzyl GSL (MOB, G...

Gene BoGSL-PRO is associated with presence of 3-carbon side-chain glucosinolates (GSL). This gene is a member of the methylthioalkylmalate synthase (MAM) gene family. A BAC clone of Brassica oleracea, B21F5, containing this gene, was sequenced, annotated and compared to its corresponding region in Arabidopsis thaliana. Twelve protein-coding genes a...

One of the more surprising discoveries in the sequences of Arabidopsis and rice has been that both are ancient polyploids, in the case of Arabidopsis involving at least two and perhaps three duplications of most of the genome. Ancient whole-genome duplication and subsequent loss of many of the duplicated gene copies appears to contribute substantia...

We compared the sequence of a 96.7 Kb-long BAC clone (B19N3) from Brassica oleracea (broccoli) with its corresponding regions in Arabidopsis thaliana. B19N3 contains eight genes and 15 transposable elements (TEs). The first two genes in this clone, Bo1 and Bo2, have its corresponding region at the end of chromosome V of Arabidopsis (24 Mb). The thi...

We compared the sequence of a 101-kb-long bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone (B21H13) from Brassica oleracea with its homologous region in Arabidopsis thaliana. This clone contains a gene family involved in the synthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates. The A. thaliana homologs for this gene family are located on chromosome IV and correspond t...

We report a global gene for gene alignment of the genomes of Brassica oleracea and Arabidopsis thaliana by construction of a transcriptome map based on B. oleracea cDNAs obtained from leaf tissue. cDNAs were synthesized from total RNA extracted from individual F2s of a mapping population resulting from crossing double-haploids of broccoli and cauli...

Aliphatic glucosinolates and their derived isothiocyanates are important secondary metabolites in crucifers. Some of these compounds have beneficial activities such as carcinogen detoxification, pesticidal and antifungal properties, but others are anti-nutritional; the differences are largely due to side chain modifications. We report the cloning a...

We report on the comparative analysis of the sequences of four and five copies of the Ck1 (caseine kinase-like) gene in Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica oleracea, respectively. These duplicate genes could be separated into two major groups based on their number of exons. The first group, including most of the genes, contained 14 exons, whereas the...

Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from the Arabidopsis thaliana sequencing project were used to construct a genetic RFLP map for Brassica oleracea. Of the 110 A. thaliana ESTs tested, 95 were found to be informative RFLP probes in map construction. In total, 212 new loci corresponding to the 95 ESTs were added to the existing genetic map of B. olerace...

We cloned a major aliphatic glucosinolate (GSL) gene, BoGSL-ELONG in Brassica oleracea, using the Arabidopsis sequence database. We based our work on an Arabidopsis candidate gene forming part of a gene family coding for isopropyl malate synthetase-like enzymes (IPMS). This gene is presumably responsible for synthesis of GSL possessing side chains...

In the frame of the activities carried out to exploit Sicilian local cultivars of brassicas, we focused our attention on some of the potential health compounds of various local cruciferous crops. These compounds are of interest to improve the quality of the produce with the aim to develop new cultivars capable of providing functional foods able to...

Screening of the Apium germ plasm collection for resistance to Celery mosaic virus (CeMV) revealed four resistant accessions: a celeriac, a feral celery line, and two wild celery species. The feral celery, which is genetically closest to cultivated celery, A. graveolens var. dulce, was used to generate backcross and F2 progenies to determine the in...

Significant heterosis for seed yield in oilseed rape has created interest in the development of hybrid cultivars. The DNA-based marker protocol, sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) was used to determine genetic diversity among oilseed rape maintainer and restorer lines. This measure was used in an attempt to establish an association betw...

We developed a simple marker technique called sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) aimed for the amplification of open reading frames (ORFs). It is based on two-primer amplification. The primers are 17 or 18 nucleotides long and consist of the following elements. Core sequences, which are 13 to 14 bases long, where the first 10 or 11 base...

ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. virus resistance, molecular markers, DNA, mapping, gene tagging, marker assisted selection ABSTRACT. Resistance to Celery mosaic virus (CeMV) in celery [Apium graveolens L. var. dulce (Mill.) Pers.] is recessive and determined by the single gene, cmv. We report discovery of two polymerase chain reaction-based dominant marker...

Inheritance of three major genes involved in synthesis of aliphatic glucosinolates (GSL) was followed in segregating populations of Brassica oleracea L. generated from three crosses: broccoli x cauliflower, collard x broccoli, and collard x cauliflower. Two of these genes, GSL-PRO and GSL-ELONG, regulate sidechain length. The action of the former r...

The region corresponding to the ABI1-Rps2-Ck1 segment on chromosome 4 of Arabidopsis thaliana was sequenced in Brassica oleracea. Similar to A. thaliana, the B. oleracea homolog BoRps2 is present in single copy. The B. oleracea orthologous segment was located on chromosome 4 and can be distinguished by the presence of an N-myristoyl transferase cod...

Several products derived from processed maca hypocotyls (Lepidium peruvianum Chacón, previously known as L. meyenii Walp.) were surveyed for glucosinolate content and quantified by HPLC analysis. These included pills, capsules, flour, liquor, tonic and mayonnaise. Different plant organs such as fresh hypocotyls and leaves, seeds, dry hypocotyls, an...

Microsatellites are highly polymorphic and efficient markers for the analysis of plant genomes. Primer specificity, however, may restrict the applicability of these markers even between closely related species for comparative mapping studies. We have demonstrated that the majority of microsatellites identified in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L; AC...

Those studying the genus Brassica will be among the early beneficiaries of the now-completed Arabidopsis sequence. The remarkable morphological diversity of Brassica species and their relatives offers valuable opportunities to advance our knowledge of plant growth and development, and our understanding of rapid phenotypic evolution.

Our objective was to analyze the evolutionary paths of cultivated diploid Brassica species and a few related wild species (tribe Brassiceae) in relation to Arabidopsis thaliana (tribe Arabidae), using the Rps2 sequence. Rps2 confers resistance to Pseudomonas syringae in A. thaliana. We found that similar to Arabidopsis, the Rps2 homolog in Brassica...

In the past several years our work has concentrated on the construction of a genetic map of Brassica oleracea using known DNA probes from the genome of the model plant, Arabidopsis thaliana. Gene probes from the entire A. thaliana genome were used but with emphasis on those from chromosomes 4 and 5. Mapping was done on a set of 67 F2 lines resultin...

DNA samples from 21 cultivars of celery (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce) were subjected to amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis. The most informative adapter combination was EcoRI-TaqI. All cultivars could be distinguished from each other by their unique fingerprints based on 73 markers. The program NTSYS grouped the cultivars in...

This chapter discusses the genome structure and mapping. Most of the mapping work in Brassica has focused mostly on rapeseed B. napus and on all three diploid cultivated species, B. nigra, B. oleracea, and B. rapa. The marker maps are being used to locate genes determining traits of economic interest, including quantitative trait loci. Another impo...

 A genetic map was constructed from an F2 population of 76 individuals for the purpose of comparing the arrangement of loci in the A and E Solanum genomes. This progeny was derived from an interspecific cross between the species Solanum palustre×Solanum etuberosum, both of which are E-genome species. Two hundred and eighty one probes previously map...

Most of the mapping work in Brassica has taken place during the past 10 years. This activity has been focused mostly on rapeseed B. napus and on all three diploid cultivated species, B. nigra, B. oleracea and B. rapa. More recently, mapping has been expanded to include B. juncea. The maps produced in Brassica crops are based mainly on F2 progenies...

Most of the mapping work in Brassica has taken place during the past 10 years. This activity has been focused mostly on rapeseed B. napus and on all three diploid cultivated species, B. nigra, B, oleracea and B, rapa. More recently, mapping has been expanded to include B, juncea. The maps produced in Brassica crops are based mainly on Fz progenies...

A phylogenetic survey based on similarity levels was performed for 29 cultivated accessions of maca (Lepidium meyeniiWalp.) and 27 accessions of wild species ofLepidiumfrom Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia, with RAPD markers. Chromosome counts for each accession were also performed. The similarity tree matrix separated in two main branches: cultivated and...

Genetic and physical maps, consisting of a large number of DNA markers for Arabidopsis thaliana chromosomes, represent excellent tools to determine the organization of related genomes such as those of Brassica. In this paper we report the chromosomal localization and physical analysis by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of a well-defined gen...

In order to determine the homologous regions shared by the cultivated Brassica genomes, linkage maps of the diploid cultivated B. rapa (A genome, n = 10), B. nigra (B genome, n = 8) and B. oleracea (C genome, n = 9), were compared. We found intergenomic conserved regions but with extensitve reordering among the genomes. Eighteen linkage groups from...

The three B genomes of Brassica contained in B. nigra, B. carinata and B. juncea were dissected by addition in B. napus. Using phenotypic, isozyme and molecular markers we characterized 8 alien B-genome chromosomes from B. nigra and B. carinata and 7 from B. juncea by constructing synteney groups. The alien chromosomes of the three different source...

We report the genetic and physical analysis by pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) in three Brassica diploid genomes for a cluster of five genes characterized in a selected segment of 15 kb on chromosome 3 of Arabidopsis thaliana, encoding a Bradyrhizobium CycJ homologue (At1), a rat p67 translation factor homologue (At2), an Em-like (early meth...

Experiments based on four accessions of maca (Lepdium meyenii) disclosed higher developmental rates in plants grown in neutral pH (6.6) soil when compared with those grown in acidic soil (5.3). Photoperiod response studies revealed similar growth rate for plants grown under either long day or short day condition. Plants in the field and growth cham...

General criteria for the assignment of names to enzyme systems, regions of activity, isozyme loci and allozymes have been lacking in crucifer species. This paper proposes a standard nomenclature for seven isozyme systems in the three diploid species of U's triangle: Brassica nigra, B. oleracea and B. campestris. Gel/electrode buffers, which provide...

Ninety four accessions of the cultivated triploid potatoS. chaucha were analyzed and classified in genotypic groups using 9 isozyme loci and RAPD markers disclosed by 20 arbitrary 10-mer primers. Eight isozyme loci out of nine were polymorphic. A total of 22 allozymes were analyzed but none of them were specific for any genotypic group. About half...

Two RAPD fragments segregating codominantly were investigated in a F2 population of Brassica nigra. Southern hybridization of these DNA fragments to genomic B. nigra DNA digested with several endonucleases revealed similar restriction profiles. Sequencing of the two fragments disclosed 93% homology. The differences were due mainly to an internal 41...

To characterize the celery (Apium graveolens L. var. dulce, 2n = 2x = 22) genome, 126 celery cDNA clones and 340 random 10-mer primers were used to generate restriction fragment-length polymorphism (RFLP) and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers between two cultivated types. Different abundance classes of the genomic sequences represen...

Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers offer quick screening of different regions of the genome for genetic polymorphisms. The standard RAPD procedure uses a single 10-base-long random oligonucleotide as a primer to amplify short stretches of the genome by PCR. We modified the procedure by using two primers in each reaction in a Brassica n...

A series of RAPD markers generated by a single 10-mer primer were analyzed by hybridization to amplified and genomic DNA and by sequencing in two Brassica species. Primer B18 produced different profiles of nine major bands each in both Brassica nigra (B genome) and B. napus (AC genomes). Cloning and sequencing of five B18 B. nigra amplification pro...

Celery (Apium graveolens) has occasionally been reported to have hazardous concentrations of the carcinogenic linear furanocoumarins; therefore, fresh, healthy plant parts of the celery variety Tall Utah 52-70R, which forms the basis of all celery varieties in the market, and the new breeding line UC-08 were analyzed for linear furanocoumarin compo...

A F2 population of two celery cultivated types (Apium graveolens L. var. rapaceum and A. graveolens L. var. secalinum) was used to construct a linkage map consisting of 29 RFLP (restriction fragment length polymorphism), 100 RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA), four isozyme, one disease resistance, and one growth habit markers. The map contains...

Rapeseed ranks third in world oil production. An important breeding objective to improve oil quality in this crop is to lower linolenic acid concentration in the seeds. Previous reports indicate that the concentration of this acid in Brassica napus is determined by two or three nuclear genes. Using DNA-based markers, we have successfully mapped a g...

We constructed a genetic map on Brassica nigra based on a segregating population of 83 F2 individuals. Three different types of molecular markers were used to build the map including isozymes, restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP), and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The final map contained 124 markers distributed in 11 linkage...

Phylogenetic relationships of seven Apium species, including three horticultural types of A. graveolens, were assayed for RFLPs using cDNA, chloroplast DNA, and rDNA probes. Most of the probes had been previously mapped in celery. The three horticultural types of A. graveolens were found to be less polymorphic than the wild species and in phylogene...

Brassica crops encompass many diverse types of plants, grown as vegetables, fodder or sources of oils and condiments. The utilization of oilseed Brassicas is steadily increasing. At the present time it represents 13.2% of the world’s edible oil, with a production of 210 million metric tons (Carr and McDonald 1991). Vegetable Brassicas also have gre...

The objective of the present study was to evaluate random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) as a source of markers for use in investigations in potato genetics. Segregation of 18 loci in diploidSolanum goniocalyx xS. phureja and 12 loci in tetraploidS. tuberosum ssp.tuberosum ×S. tuberosum ssp.andigena families fitted Mendelian and tetrasomic ratios...

Bergapten and xanthotoxin were the major furanocoumarins isolated from the Fusarium-resistant celery breeding lines UC-08, UC-10, and UC-26 and the standard cultivar Tall Utah 52-70R. Petiole contents of bergapten and xanthotoxin in the new lines were similar to those in 52-70R. All petiole concentrations were below levels reported to cause either...

Linkage relationships are reported for 34 markers in celery ( Apium graveolens L. var ‘dulce’) including 21 RFLP, 11 isozyme, and 2 morphological traits. The mapping was carried out in a cross between celery and an annual accession from Thailand, A143, and based on F 2 segregation of 136 plants. A total of 318 centiMorgans (cM) are covered by the m...

Twenty accessions of Brassica campestris , representing the major crop types and their geographical origin, were tested for gene frequency at five isozyme and four RFLP loci. The majority of alleles (67%) were found in all geographic regions. Nearly 3 times more alleles were detected at RFLP loci than at isozyme loci. Genetic diversity among crop t...

Karyotypic differences among n = 9 Brassica species, as well as the inheritance of some morphological characteristics, are reported. Annual habit, anthocyanin pigmentation in leaf and stem, enlarged stem, glossy foliage, dark green foliage, white flower and leaf pubescence were all expressed as dominant characteristics and in most cases were determ...

RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers generated by 4 arbitrary 10-mer primers, discriminated 14 broccoli and 12 cauliflower cultivars (Brassica oleracea L.) by banding profiles. The size of the amplified DNA fragments ranged from 300 to 2600 base pairs. Twenty-eight percent of the markers were fixed in both broccoli and cauliflower, where...

This paper reports the application of the RAPD (random amplification of polymorphic DNA sequence) markers in Brassica genetics. Forty-seven arbitrary decamer oligonucletides were used as primers to amplify genomic DNA by polymerase chain reaction. Some of the amplified products were genome specific and could be found in both diploid and derived amp...

Six Brassica napus - B. nigra disomic addition lines were characterized by isozyme, fatty acid, and RFLP markers. The markers were arranged in six synteny groups, representing six of the eight chromosomes present in the B. nigra genome. Synteny group 1 displayed high levels of linoleic and linolenic acids in the seeds of the B. nigra parent. Synten...

Morphology and fertility were characterized for 22 intersubspecies hybrids within B. campestris L. Nine subspecies, representing crop types from different geographical areas, were used as pollen donors on three different seed parents. Stability of scored morphological characters was divided into four classes based on their appearance in F 1 hybrids...

A series of RFLP and isozyme markers were followed in the progenies of two alien addition lines of Brassica campestris-oleracea. One of the lines, carrying the C genome chromosome 4 as the alien chromosome, was surveyed for six markers. Fifty-four percent of the plants carrying alien chromosomes displayed all the expected makers, whereas the rest h...

Hyperploid derivatives of Diplotaxis erucoides × Brassica nigra hybrids were used to extract seven out of the eight possible monosoinic addition lines for B. nigra (genome B). The fertility and transmission of the lines varied depending on the added chromosome. However, these parameters were high enough to assure the maintenance of the addition lin...

Chromosomes of Brassica oleracea (2n = 18) were dissected from the resynthesized amphidiploid B. napus Hakuran by repeated backcrosses to B. campestris (2n = 20), creating a series of monosomic alien chromosome addition line plants (2n = 21). Using morphological, isozyme and restriction fragment length polymorphism markers (RFLPs), 81 putative loci...

The potential for resistance to the leafminer Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) in Apium 1. species was evaluated in field trials and no-choice tests in the laboratory. In field trials with 159 accessions from throughout the world, only A. leptophyllum (Pers.) F. Muell. from Australia (A162), A. prostratum ssp. prostratumitalic> var. filiforme (A. Rich....

Separation of stem proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis permitted classification of 17 celery varieties (Apium graveolens L.) into 7 groups. Several of these groups could be further subdivided into 11 subgroups with gel electrophoresis patterns of 4 isozyme systems. Classification from gel banding patterns was consi...

Genetic segregations for six enzyme-coding genes were studied in diploid and tetraploid progenies obtained from various Solanum species. The loci identified are Prx-2, Prx-3, Prx-5, Mdh-1, Pgi-1 and Sdh-1. Prx-2 and Prx-3 were found to be linked; alleles at these loci segregated concomitantly in most of the diploid progenies. The putative homologou...

Evidence of tetrasomic inheritance in alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. and M. falcata L., for multiple codominant alleles at three isozymic loci is reported in this study. The locus Prx-1 governing anodal peroxidase and the loci Lap-1 and Lap-2 governing anodal leucine-aminopeptidase were studied by starch gel electrophoresis in seedling root tissue or...

Several characteristics of the cultivated tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and several wild relatives were explored as factors in resistance to the pink form of the potato aphid. Foliage volatiles of resistant and susceptible plants were found to be qualitatively similar but quantitatively different. Olfactometric tests revealed that the aph...

Crossing two parental plants carrying two types of extra chromosomes, 2n+2(5L*7S) by 2n+3(2S*2S) permitted effective selection for individuals with up to eight 2S*2S chromosomes in later generations. The crossing of 2n + 3(2S*2S) by 2n+1( 8S*8L) and by the wild tomato relative, diploid L. pimpinellifolium , produced plants with up to four extra chr...

In comparisons made under typical summer conditions in the field at Davis, California, the foliage of the anthocyanin-deficient mutant af proved to be much more susceptible to attack by Epitrix hirtipennis (Melsheimer) than that of the isogenic normal line, normal cultivars, or any other tested mutant. Since a relatively uniform level of damage was...