Carlos Martinez-Perez

University of Valencia | UV · Department of Geology

The International Symposium on Early and Lower Vertebrates (ISELV) aims to promote the study of the origin and early evolution of our own evolutionary lineage. This volume serves as an example of the most recent symposium held in Valencia, Spain, in June 2022. Since its inception in 1967, the ISELV has been organized 15 times prior to the latest co...

The genus Trigonognathus Mochizuki and Ohe, 1990, is a monospecific taxon of ‘lantern sharks’ (i.e., family Etmopteridae), a group of small-sized bioluminescent deep-sea chondrichthyans, ranging in mature male specimens between 42–47 cm total length, and at least 52 cm for females (Ebert et al., 2021). This shark inhabits the upper continental slop...

Onychodonts (Osteichthyes, Sarcopterygii) are an extinct group of predatory marine fishes from the Devonian period with putative “intermediate” characteristics between early branching osteichthyans and coelacanths. Due to their limited fossil record, there is a lack of consensus regarding their relationships within sarcopterygians and whether onych...

Los acontecimientos producidos a lo largo de la historia de la Tierra han quedado registrados en las rocas y en los fósiles, de tal manera que, interpretando los elementos geológicos, se pueden reconstruir tales eventos. Estos elementos constituyen un importante recurso geológico y paleontológico que puede ser empleado como instrumento de valor cie...

En la historia de la Tierra se han producido una serie de hitos geológicos especialmente significativos en el tiempo, quedando registrados en algunos lugares o puntos, donde pueden ser observados, estudiados y conservados. Estos elementos geológicos singulares son representativos de la historia geológica de cada región en particular y constituyen u...

Conodont elements, microfossil remains of extinct primitive vertebrates, are commonly exploited as mineral archives of ocean chemistry, yielding fundamental insights into the palaeotemperature and chemical composition of past oceans. Geochemical assays have been traditionally focused on the so-called lamellar and white matter crown tissues; however...

En el presente resumen se describe un nuevo yacimiento de icnitas de vertebrados del Carniense (Triásico Superior) en el municipio de Turís, provincia de Valencia. Durante este piso, la región se caracterizó por ambientes y climas principalmente áridos. Se extendieron ampliamente en la región Oeste del Tethys. Éstos están representados por las faci...

En el presente resumen se describe un nuevo yacimiento de icnitas de vertebrados del Carniense (Triásico Superior) en el municipio de Turís, provincia de Valencia. Durante este piso, la región se caracterizó por ambientes y climas principalmente áridos que se extendieron ampliamente en la región Oeste del Tethys. Éstos están representados por las f...

Osteostraci and Galeaspida are stem-gnathostomes, occupying a key phylogenetic position for resolving the nature of the jawless ancestor from which jawed vertebrates evolved more than 400 million years ago. Both groups are characterized by the presence of rigid headshields that share a number of common morphological traits, in some cases hindering...

Abstract: The "Network of Museums and Museum Collections of Paleontology of the Valencian Community" (PaleoredCV) is an association that integrates all the representatives and custodians of the Valencian paleontological heritage created with the aim of join efforts in the study, management, dissemination, protection and enhancement of the valencian...

Nursery areas are fundamental for the success of many marine species, particularly for large, slow-growing taxa with low fecundity and high age of maturity. Here, we examine the population size-class structure of the extinct gigantic shark Otodus megalodon in a newly described middle Miocene locality from Northeastern Spain, as well as in eight pre...

The evolutionary assembly of the vertebrate bodyplan has been characterized as a long-term ecological trend toward increasingly active and predatory lifestyles, culminating in jawed vertebrates that dominate modern vertebrate biodiversity [1-8]. This contrast is no more stark than between the earliest jawed vertebrates and their immediate relatives...

Este trabajo analiza los problemas de conservación y tratamiento de ejemplares paleontológicos y geológicos en los museos centrándonos en ejemplares piritizados, destacando los principales factores que afectan la preservación de este tipo de colecciones. Se ha realizado una intervención en ejemplares paleontológicos y geológicos en la cual han sido...

The Paleozoic conglomerate at Podlipoglav in the transitional area between the External and Internal Dinarides of Slovenia contains limestone pebbles that have been examined micropaleontologically. The recovered conodont faunas are marked by the obvious absence of shallow-water taxa. The Lower to Middle Devonian faunas are characterized by relative...

The “Network of Museums and Museum Collections of Paleontology of the Valencian Community” (PaleoredCV) is an association that integrates all the representatives and custodians of the Valencian paleontological heritage created with the aim of join efforts in the study, management, dissemination, protection and enhancement of the valencian paleontol...

Morphological variation (disparity) is almost invariably characterized by two non‐mutually exclusive approaches: (1) quantitatively, through geometric morphometrics; and (2) in terms of discrete, ‘cladistic’, or categorical characters. Uncertainty over the comparability of these approaches diminishes the potential to obtain nomothetic insights into...

The morphology and position of elements in the apparatus are keys to resolving the taxonomy, homology, evolutionary relationships, structure, function and feeding patterns among conodont taxa. Fused clusters preserving natural associations between elements provide direct information on element morphology, the positions of elements within the appara...

The Messinian salinity crisis (~5.59 Ma) is regarded as one of the most determining events for the recent evolutionary and palaeobiogeographic history of the Mediterranean biota. The impact of such episode has usually been assessed by evaluating the associated taxonomic turnover, however its consequences have rarely been interpreted from an ecologi...

Palaeogeographic changes that occurred during the Middle Triassic in the westernmost Tethyan domain were governed by a westward marine transgression of the Tethys Ocean. The transgression flooded wide areas of the eastern part of Iberia, forming new epicontinental shallow-marine environments, which were subsequently colonized by diverse faunas, inc...

The rise of new digitalization technologies is changing the way to access to the fossil collections for palaeontology outreach, providing new tools to preserve our important palaeontological heritage. In this sense, museums and palaeontological institutions,aware of the advantages of applying these new technologies for the accomplishment of their f...

New vertebrate remains are reported from the Late Devonian (?Frasnian) Cuche Formation of northeastern Colombia, including a new taxon of antiarch placoderm (Colombialepis villarroeli, gen. et sp. nov., previously reported as Asterolepis) and a new taxon of arthrodiran placoderm (Colombiaspis rinconensis, gen. et sp. nov.). We also report evidence...

We reconstruct the apparatus architecture of the gondollelid conodont Nicoraella kockeli based on fused clusters from the early Middle Triassic (middle Anisian, Pelsonian) of Luoping County, east Yunnan Province, south‐west China. This material was characterized non‐invasively using synchrotron x‐ray tomographic microscopy and the ensuing data anal...

Galeomorph sharks constitute the most taxonomically and ecologically diverse superorder of living selachians. Despite comprising several typically deep-water taxa, no bioluminescent species have been reported in this group so far. Interestingly, the study of shark squamation has been revealed in recent years to be a good proxy for inferring some ec...

The composition of conodont apparatuses is crucial for understanding the feeding mechanisms of these early vertebrates. However, the multielement apparatus reconstructions of most species remain equivocal because they have been inferred from loose element collections, guided by knowledge from rare articulated ‘bedding plane assemblages’ and fused c...

The morphology and position of elements in the apparatus are keys to resolving the taxonomy, homology, evolutionary relationships, structure, function and feeding patterns among conodont taxa. Fused clusters preserving natural associations between elements provide direct information on element morphology, the positions of elements within the appara...

Here we explore the spatial, temporal and phylogenetic patterns of ecological diversification for the entire clade of thelodonts, one of the earliest groups of vertebrates and longest lasting of the Palaeozoic agnathans in the fossil record. Parsimony and maximum-likelihood methods are used to reconstruct ancestral states of their geographical dist...

Some of the earliest European records of fossil turtle footprints (Late Triassic, Middle Carnian, ~227–237 Ma) are interpreted from 46 footprints from three outcrops, Domeño, Quesa and Cortes de Pallas, located in the Iberian Range (eastern Spain). The samples were obtained from Upper Triassic rocks in Keuper Facies. They are characterized in the s...

Here we use synchrotron tomography to characterise dental vasculature in the oldest known tooth-bearing sharks, Leonodus carlsi Mader, 1986 and Celtiberina maderi Wang, 1993. Three dimensional reconstruction of the vascular system and microstructure of both taxa revealed a complex and dense network of canals, including horizontal, ascending and sec...

Our knowledge about the body morphology of many extinct early vertebrates is very limited, especially in regard to their post-thoracic region. The prompt disarticulation of the dermo-skeletal elements due to taphonomic processes and the lack of a well-ossified endoskeleton in a large number of groups hinder the preservation of complete specimens. P...

Shark species included in the geometric morphometric analyses

GPA (left) and RFTRA (right) superimpositions for the whole group of sharks and for each ecological subgroup. Points denote landmarks and crosses denote landmark centroids

Validation test results. Inferred caudal fin morphology (black dashed lines) of (A–G) squalomorph and (H–M) active pelagic living sharks, showing the upper and lower 90% individual confidence interval boundaries (red and blue dashed lines respectively) (A) Echinorhinus brucus 310 cm, (B) Squalus cubensis 110 cm, (C) Centrophorus atromarginatus 94 c...

Caudal fin shape inferences in Dunkleosteus terrelli assuming ecological analogy with squalomorph sharks (A) Predicted caudal fin shape of each specimen of D. terrelli (in black), showing the upper and lower 90% individual confidence interval boundaries (in red and blue respectively). (B) Palaeoartistic reconstruction of a 7.33 meters D. terrelli (...

Total Body Length (TBL) and Upper Jaw Perimeter (UJP) data of extant sharks considered in this study. Data taken from Lowry et al. (2009)

Maximum sizes attained by living actinopterygians are much smaller than those reached by chondrichthyans. Several factors, including the high metabolic requirements of bony fishes, have been proposed as possible body‐size constraints but no empirical approaches exist. Remarkably, fossil evidence has rarely been considered despite some extinct actin...

Márquez Aliaga et al. Viernes 29 Septiembre, 11:00-11:40 (Póster) Sesión D: Vertebrados A new marine reptile with nothosauroid affinities from the Ladinian of the Iberian Range (Spain)

An incomplete skull of a marine reptile with an atypical elongation of the postorbital region is described. The find comes from the Muschelkalk facies (Cañete Formation) of the Villora section (Iberian Range, Cuenca Province, Spain), characterised by a shallow marine (intertidal) environment and dated as Ladinian in age. The small skull has a recta...

The study of a new Serravallian (Middle Miocene) locality from the Southeastern Spain has yielded a shark assemblage characterized by microremains of at least seven taxa (Deania calcea, †Isistius triangulus, †Squaliolus cf. S. schaubi, †Paraetmopterus sp., Pristiophorus sp., Scyliorhinus sp. and a cf. Squaliformes indet) of three different orders (...

A novel hypothesis to better understand the evolution of gigantism in active marine predators and the diversity of body sizes, feeding strategies and thermophysiologies of extinct and living aquatic vertebrates is proposed. Recent works suggest that some aspects of animal energetics can act as constraining factors for body size. Given that mass-spe...

Over the past two decades, the development of methods for visualizing and analysing specimens digitally, in three and even four dimensions, has transformed the study of living and fossil organisms. However, the initial promise that the widespread application of such methods would facilitate access to the underlying digital data has not been fully a...

http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:0A620E00-7B8D-4D7C-8BEE-7063C7BA0204 Citation for this article: Manzanares, E., C. Pla, C. Martínez-Pérez, H. Ferrón, and Héctor Botella. 2016. Lonchidion derenzii, sp. nov., a new lonchidiid shark (Chondrichthyes, Hybodontiforms) from the Upper Triassic of Spain, with remarks on lonchidiid enameloid. Jou...

Conodont research has long been divided between utilitarian applications to solve geological problems versus analysis of their paleobiology. However, recent advances in conodont functional analysis allow these independent stands of research to be unified, decoding the functional implications of their morphological variation. We demonstrate this usi...

The conodont fossil record is well known for its morphological diversity, but the iterative evolution that characterizes conodonts often avoids providing reliable phylogenetic frameworks among species, making unclear if the diagnostic characters of the taxa are indicative of common ancestry or evolutionary convergences. To distinguish homologies fr...

Ptychography combines elements of scanning probe microscopy with coherent diffractive imaging and provides a robust high-resolution imaging technique. The extension of X-ray ptychography to 3D provides nanoscale maps with quantitative contrast of the sample complex-valued refractive index. We present here progress in reconstruction and post-process...

Molecular clock analyses estimate that crown-group animals began diversifying hundreds of millions of years before the start of the Cambrian period. However, the fossil record has not yielded unequivocal evidence for animals during this interval. Some of the most promising candidates for Precambrian animals occur in the Weng'an biota of South China...

Pseudofmishius mwvianus van den Boogaard is a Triassic conodont with a very characteristic morphology, a blade with a rostral platform heavily denticulated, that makes it easily distinguishable from other coeval species. It is a well-know taxon that has been the object of several palaeobiological works, focused on their apparatus reconstruction, on...

The ontogenetic series of ten Carnian-Norian (Late Triassic) platform conodont species, belonging to the genera Paragondolella, Carnepigondolella, Epigondolella, and Metapolygnathus are reconstructed in this paper. The growth series are based on rich populations derived from almost monospecific samples from the upper Carnian-Rhaetian succession of...

The present volume represents a series of synthetic works presented at the “XI Encuentro de Jóvenes Investigadores en Paleontología”, which took place in Atarfe (Granada, Spain) on April 2013. During this meeting, more than thirty contributions were presented, offering a representative sample of the palaeontological state-of-the-art research curren...

New disarticulated material of typically ischnacanthid scales, tooth whorls, and ?dentigerous jaw bones that occur recurrently together at many levels of the Lower Devonian of the Iberian Chain (Spain) is described. Based on their stratigraphical occurrence, histological evidence and comparison with similar ischnacanthid assemblages from other loca...

The enameloid microstucture of chondrichthyan teeth has been studied for decades and it has proven to be a useful taxonomic tool. Changes in enameloid organization have been related to the emergence of new trophic strategies and Mesozoic radiation of the neoselachian crown group. However, in contrast to the abundance of these data on tooth enameloi...

Knowledge of conodont element function is based largely on analysis of morphologically similar P1 elements of few comparatively closely related species known from abundant articulated remains. From these, a stereotypical pattern of rotational occlusion has been inferred, leading to the suggestion that this may represent a general model for ozarkodi...

Palaeontological studies on exosqueletal disarticulated remains of chondrichthyans have focused on teeth and only less interest has been paid to scales due their limited taxonomic and systematic significance. However, classical works linking the morphology and the function of the squamation in extant sharks suggest that, despite their limited taxon...

The comprehensive study of six Pragian-lower Emsian (Lower Devonian) sections from the Spanish Central Pyrenees has yielded a rich assemblage of conodont faunas, highlighting an important succession of Polygnathus species. Among them, the presence of the biostratigraphical markers P. pireneae, P. kitabicus, P. excavatus excavatus and P. exc. 114 st...