Carlos Leopardi

• Doctor en Ciencias
• Professor at University of Colima

Black Sigatoka disease is a significant threat to banana ( Musa spp.) fruit yield and quality. For the control of the fungal pathogen, Pseudocercospora fijiensis , producers currently rely on fungicides such as Quinone outside Inhibitor (QoI). In this study, we examined the resistance status of P. fijiensis to QoI fungicides using 80 isolates from...

Phytoplasmas, rickettsiae and viruses have been detected in papaya plants with Bunchy Top disease (BT). In 2019, papaya plants with BT-like symptoms were observed in agroecosystems of Colima, Mexico. In order to determine the BT-associated phytoplasmas species or subgroups, asymptomatic and symptomatic plants were collected from papaya agroecosyste...

Understanding the similarity and genetic diversity of Pseudocercospora fijiensis allows us to assess the evolutionary potential of the pathogen in different agroecosystems. In this study, we analyzed 74 isolates of P. fijiensis collected from four Mexican states: Colima, Michoacán, Tabasco, and Chiapas, using ISSR markers. The results revealed the...

Introducción. La marchitez por Fusarium de los bananos y plátanos (Musa spp.) es causada por el hongo Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc) (Ploetz, 2015), la cual es considerada como la enfermedad de mayor importancia a nivel mundial por los daños destructivos en el cultivo (Dita et al., 2018). Objetivo. Conocer el impacto en la industria bananer...

Se presenta una lista florística y una estimación de los descriptores comunitarios de un área de conservación voluntaria ubicada en Tecomán, Colima para contribuir al conocimiento de la vegetación de las selvas secas del Pacífico mexicano. La lista florística se elaboró entre 2017 y 2019. Para los descriptores comunitarios se dividió el área de est...

Weeds are plants adapted to habitats modified by people and that often interfere with different human activities. These plants constitute an economically and ecologically relevant group because of their implications for agriculture. Because the agrestal weeds of the state of Colima, Mexico have been poorly documented, we surveyed these plants in co...

Any research in biology is an exercise of comparison that includes the study of evolution. The study of evolutionary patterns in either of its two approaches (micro- or macroevolutionary) produces methodological challenges for any researcher or student interested in these topics. These approaches have a common interest in understanding the origin o...

Background and Aims: Lysiloma is a Neotropical genus in the Fabaceae family that comprises eight species, six of which are widely distributed in Mexico, and two more that occur in the Antilles and Florida. Lysiloma is frequent in Megamexico’s dry forests. A previous phylogenetic study included three species of Lysiloma and Hesperalbizia occidentali...

The first step for evolutionary studies is usually to establish a hypothesis of relationships between members of the study group. After this, there is a wide range of possibilities depending on the researcher's interest. This contribution presents the generalities of some of the methodologies most commonly used in macroevolutionary studies: the mol...

Any research in biology is an exercise of comparison that includes the study of evolution. The investigation of evolutionary patterns in either of its two approaches (micro or macroevolutionary) raises methodological challenges for any researcher interested in these topics. These approaches have a common interest in understanding the origin the rel...

A floristic list and an estimate of the community descriptors of a voluntary conservation area located in Tecomán, Colima, are presented to contribute to the knowledge of the vegetation of the dry forests of the Mexican Pacific. The floristic list was built with transects done between 2017-2019. For the community descriptors, the study area was div...

Bananas and plantains (Musa spp.) represent the fourth most important crop in the world. In 2017, an area of 5,637,508 hectares and a production of 153 million tons were reported. Fusarium wilt caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc), is considered one of the most destructive diseases of bananas and plantains worldwide. The pat...

INTRODUCCIÓN México constituye una de las regiones de mayor diversidad de organismos vegetales a nivel mundial, debido a que está situado entre las zonas templadas subtropicales y tropicales y en estas áreas se encuentran concentrados distintos ecosistemas caracterizados por su gran variedad de flora y fauna 1,2. Estos ecosistemas están conformados...

Pseudocercospora (previously known as Mycosphaerella) fijiensis causes black Sigatoka disease in banana (Musa spp.) and it is considered the most devastating pathogen of this crop worldwide. To improve the knowledge about its evolutionary patterns, we determine the genetic variability of populations from two regions: The Center Pacific (Colima and...

A synopsis of the Encyclia ambigua complex, a member of the E. ceratistes clade, is presented. It is composed of three species, namely E. ambigua, E. trachychila, and E. dressleri. These taxa are restricted to the southern part of Megamexico in Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua and occur mostly in oak-pine or broadleaf evergreen forests, o...

The Encyclia adenocarpos complex is restricted to the Pacific slopes of Megamexico, from Sonora, Mexico, to northern Nicaragua. It is characterized by pyriform to suborbicular pseudobulbs, (1-)2-3(4) thickly coriaceous, narrow leaves (> 15 times longer than wide), thin, verruculose inflorescences, and a verruculose ovary. The column is broad and wi...

Encyclia comprises over 150 species of orchids that occupy mainly seasonally dry habitats in tropical and subtropical America and are usually restricted to one or a few ecoregions. To determine whether species found in the same or neighboring ecoregions are closely related, we sampled more than 50 taxa, with an emphasis on species found in Mexico a...

A new species of Encyclia from Mexico, E. inopinata, is described and illustrated. This species is similar to E. diota but it can be distinguished by its usually more robust plants with 2–3 leaves per pseudobulb and its flowers with longer and narrower sepals (1.8±0.1 × 0.63±0.03 cm in E. inopinata versus 1.48 ±0.14 × 0.65±0.06 cm in E. diota) and...

Two new species of Encyclia are proposed, E. silverarum and E. parkeri. Both species belong in the Encyclia chloroleuca complex, conformed also by E. chloroleuca, E. elegantula, and E. peraltensis, among others. Encyclia silverarum is known only from Panama. This species is very similar to Encyclia chloroleuca, but it is distinguished by the color...

There are 26 phylogenetic studies for Bromeliaceae based on different sources of evidence. Despite this broad phylogenetic coverage of Bromeliaceae, however, the available phylogenetic data display a scattered sampling, with little overlap among different types of evidence. The aim of this study is to integrate the available phylogenetic informatio...

We demonstrate, through separate and combined phylogenetic analyses of morphological characters, nucleotide sequences, and coded gaps of two DNA regions (plastid rpl32-trnL and nrDNA-ITS) using parsimony and Bayesian inference, that Lophiarella (Orchidaceae), as originally circumscribed, is polyphyletic. We re-circumscribe the genus to exclude one...

Encyclia is monophyletic after removal of a number of species to Euchile, Microepidendrum, Oestlundia, and Prosthechea. However, phylogenetic analysis using DNA sequences indicated that Encyclia kienastii belongs to a separate, strongly supported sister group of Alamania, from which it differs markedly in vegetative and floral morphology. Here we t...

A new species from Venezuela, Encyclia lopezii, is proposed. Encyclia lopezii is similar to E. cordigera and both species share the large flowers, the broad, suborbicular-subquadrate labellum central lobe, and the obovate to spathulate petals. Encyclia lopezii is, however, different from E. cordigera in several characters, including the subapically...

Mangroves in western Venezuela covered 138 000 ha. In Sucre State, they are found from Mochima National Park to the border line of Monagas State. In order to know the floristic composition of Sucre State mangroves, the IRBR herbarium materials were revised. Twenty eight species were determined, six of them were mangroves, three of red mangrove (Rhi...

A fin de contribuir con el conocimiento de la familia Orchidaceae en el Macizo del Turimiquire, se realizaron exploraciones en un sector de la Serranía de La Cuchilla, municipio Caripe, estado Monagas (10°07,00’N 63°33,45’O) entre los años 2005-2008 y durante los meses de diciembre-enero, mayo, julio-septiembre. Todos lo ejemplares colectados están...

The Orchidaceae comprises more than 19000 species, which make it one of the most diverse families of vascular plants. In Venezuela, this family is represent by ca. 1612 species, most of them from Cordillera Andina and Guayana. In the Northwest region (states Anzoátegui, Monagas and Sucre), up to the present, the approximate number of existent speci...

A list for the Orchidaceae family at the Araya peninsula and surrounding area (Sucre state, Venezuela) was prepared. The orchid collections of VEN and IRBR herbaria were checked up, and three representative localities of the peninsula were explored through 2006. Eight species of Orchidaceae were found: Brassavola cucullata, Encyclia cordigera, Epid...

A list for the Orchidaceae family at the Araya peninsula and surrounding area (Sucre state, Venezuela) was prepared. The orchid collections of VEN and IRBR herbaria were checked up,and three representative localities of the peninsula were explored through 2006. Eight species of Orchidaceae were found: Brassavola cucullata, Encyclia cordigera, Epide...

La familia Orchidaceae se ubica en la clase Liliopsida dentro del orden Asparagales. Está constituida por ca. 30 000 especies y cerca de 700 géneros distribuidos en 5 subfamilias: Apostasioideae, Vanillioideae, Cypripedioideae, Orchidoideae y Epidendroideae. Esta diversidad se asocia a la plasticidad adaptativa que poseen y que les ha permitido col...

La familia Orchidaceae es uno de los grupos de Magnoliophyta de mayor distribucion a nivel mundial, ocupan una amplia gama de nichos, desde el medio terrestre hasta las copas de los arboles (epifitas). Historicamente esta familia ha recibido mucha atencion dada la belleza de las flores de algunos de sus miembros, lo que ha llevado con el tiempo a b...

RESUMEN Se presenta una lista preliminar de las orquídeas del estado Sucre; construida sobre la base de una investigación bibliográfica y la revisión de las exsiccata depositados en el Herbario "Isidro Ramón Bermúdez Romero" de la Universidad de Oriente. En ella se incluyen 144 especies distribuidas en 65 géneros. Epidendrum y Pleurothallis son los...