Carlos Larrea

• Ph.D.
• Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar

Impactos socioambientales de 24 años de actividad extractiva de la empresa Repsol en el Parque Nacional Yasuní

Por qué debe cumplirse la consulta popular sobre el Yasuní-ITT? Una estrategia para superar la crisis Carlos Larrea Resumen ejecutivo El Ecuador enfrenta la crisis estructural más profunda desde 1999, que se ha ido agravando desde la pronunciada caída de los precios del petróleo en 2014. Sus efectos se evidencian en las dimensiones económica, socia...

This report explores the Pan-Amazon scenario and the causes of the deforestation that occurs in this bioregion, and offers a series of recommendations. In a context of weak state presence and deteriorating democracy, illegal land appropriation advanced in Brazil, Colombia, Bolivia and Perú, while drug trafficking, illegal gold extraction and other...

Despite the ongoing impacts of climate change around the world, fossil fuels continue to drive the global economy. The socio-environmental impacts of oil development at the local level are widely recognized, especially in high biocultural diversity areas, highlighting the need to develop and implement effective policies that protect both biodiversi...

El artículo analiza las reservas, la extracción, las exportaciones e importaciones petroleras en el Ecuador, encontrando que el país puede convertirse en un importador neto de petróleo entre 2027 y 2031.

El artículo evalúa los efectos económicos, sociales y ambientales de las explotación petrolera en el Ecuador desde 1972, tanto a escala nacional como en la región amazónica. Es país ha seguido un proceso de desarrollo desigual, inequitativo y con altos costos ambientales. Ante el próximo agotamiento de las reservas, se esboza caminos para la transi...

This Report provides a comprehensive, objective, open, transparent, systematic, and rigorous scientific assessment of the state of the Amazon’s ecosystems, current trends, and their implications for the long-term well-being of the region, as well as opportunities and policy relevant options for conservation and sustainable development.

This Report provides a comprehensive, objective, open, transparent, systematic, and rigorous scientific assessment of the state of the Amazon’s ecosystems, current trends, and their implications for the long-term well-being of the region, as well as opportunities and policy relevant options for conservation and sustainable development.

Ecuador enfrenta un profundo estancamiento económico desde la caída de los precios del petróleo en 2014, agravado por medidas de contracción económica y la pandemia del covid-19. Aunque la renegociación de una parte de la deuda externa ha aliviado los problemas fiscales más inmediatos, el servicio de la deuda continúa siendo excesivo y la incertidu...

The Science Panel for the Amazon (SPA) is an unprecedented initiative convened under the auspices of the United Nations Sustainable Development Solutions Network (SDSN). The SPA is composed of over 200 preeminent scientists and researchers from the eight Amazonian countries, French Guiana, and global partners. These experts came together to debate,...

This chapter presents country-specific descriptions of human intervention in the Amazon. In general, a rapid expansion of agricultural and extractive activities, mostly for export but also for domestic markets, and to a lesser degree small scale agriculture, have led to extensive deforestation and environmental degradation without substantially imp...

This Report provides a comprehensive, objective, open, transparent, systematic, and rigorous scientific assessment of the state of the Amazon’s ecosystems, current trends, and their implications for the long-term well-being of the region, as well as opportunities and policy relevant options for conservation and sustainable development.

Brief of Chapter 17 of Science Panel for the Amazon Report. For public Consultation.

This chapter presents country-specific manifestations of human intervention in the Amazon. A variety of circumstances manifest themselves despite the common underlying international and domestic economic and political forces. A rapid expansion of agricultural and extractive activities, mostly for export but also for domestic markets, and to a lesse...

Through their synergies, trade-offs, and contradictions, the sustainable development goals (SDGs) have the potential to lead to environmental justices and injustices. Yet, environmental justice (EJ), and social justice more broadly, are not currently embedded within the language and spirit of the SDGs. We part from the premise that “many ‘environme...

SDGs need to do more to account for EJ implications of projects supporting subsets of SDGs, as negative consequences to local communities are not captured by SDG indicators. Future work focuses on working with local communities suffering EJ conflicts to co-produce locally relevant indicators of the SDGs and minimise extensive monitoring burdens.

Scientific Framework to Save the Amazon By Scientists of the Amazon Countries and Global Partners September 30, 2019 We, the scientists who study and monitor the Amazon rainforest, appeal to the reason and conscience of humankind. The Amazon, the largest rainforest in the world, is at great risk of destruction, and with it the well-being of our ge...

El continente sudamericano enfrenta graves dificultades: la prosperidad económica y la estabilidad política de inicios de siglo no pudieron ser consolidadas. El modelo primario-exportador y extractivista de la región deriva actualmente en una crisis múltiple: social, política, económica y ecológica. Esta obra colectiva busca hacer un balance de ese...

While poverty in Ecuador declined from 46 to 33% and indigence from 19 to 9% between the start of 2007 and the end of 2014, during one of the most prominently progressive of the post-neoliberal governments of South America, inequality in the distribution of land and capital remained extremely high. President Rafael Correa and the members of his Ali...

El contenido de esta obra es una contribución del autor al repositorio digital de la Universidad Andina Simón Bolívar, Sede Ecuador, por tanto el autor tiene exclusiva responsabilidad sobre el mismo y no necesariamente refleja los puntos de vista de la UASB. Este trabajo se almacena bajo una licencia de distribución no exclusiva otorgada por el aut...

According to scientific evidence, about 2/3 of proven fossil fuel reserves must remain in the ground to stay within a 2 ̊C global temperature increase and avoid catastrophic consequences of climate change. This has led to initiatives to “keep the oil in the ground” and divestment campaigns, as well as to attention to supply side climate policy addr...

The expansion of the mining extraction frontier in Latin America is fomenting a growing number of conflicts where contrasting views regarding the economic, environmental, social and cultural implications of developing mining activities are deployed by affected communities, governments and mining companies. Hegemonic discourses led by governments st...

Fossil fuels must be kept in the ground in biodiversity hotspots in developing countries. The mechanism developed to forgo exploiting oil in Yasuni national park in Ecuador can be applied worldwide. It can contribute to climate change mitigation, local development and biodiversity conservation.

Íntag es una región en las estribaciones de la cordillera occidental del Ecuador cubierta principalmente por un bosque nublado de gran riqueza y biodiversidad. Las posibles reservas de cobre en su subsuelo han originado expectativas para la instalación de un proyecto minero a cielo abierto a gran escala, convirtiendo a Íntag en un territorio en dis...

Intag es una región en las estribaciones de la cordillera occidental del Ecuador cubierta principalmente por un bosque nublado de gran riqueza y biodiversidad. Las posibles reservas de cobre en su subsuelo han originado expectativas para la instalación de un proyecto minero a cielo abierto a gran escala, convirtiendo a Íntag en un territorio en dis...

The Ecuadorian proposal to keep 846 million barrels of crude oil in the Yasuní National Park underground—for the purposes of avoiding CO2 emissions and to protect both the biological diversity and the indigenous peoples in isolation who inhabit this area of the Amazon—is evaluated from a “multi-criteria” analysis. The main purpose of the paper is t...

Resumen:El objetivo de los índices socioeconómicos es establecer la diferencia de nivel de vida de la familia en comparación con otra. Se pueden definir índices socioeconómicos multidimensionales en función de la educación del jefe de familia, las características de su vivienda, los bienes que dispone el hogar y otros como ha hecho el INEC mediante...

As large petroleum reserves were confirmed in the Yasuni National Park of Ecuador, one of the most biodiverse hotspots in the Amazonian region and the world, Ecuador has proposed indefinitely keeping almost a billion barrels of petroleum underground, if the international community contributes with at least half of the opportunity cost of exploiting...

Since pre-Columbian times the region that is now Ecuador has been an area of great cultural diversity. In part this diversity is due to the country’s terrain. Over the last thousand years and before the demographic changes of the mid-twentieth century, most of the population inhabited the region where the Andes mountains reach their narrowest point...

This paper analyzes the social, ethnic and regional determinants of child malnutrition, as well as the effects of access to health services in the Andean region, by comparing conditions in Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. These three countries are marked by a high prevalence of stunting and by wide socioeconomic, regional and ethnic disparities. The anal...

(Disponible en idioma inglés únicamente) En este trabajo se analizan los factores sociales, étnicos y regionales que determinan la desnutrición infantil, así como los efectos del acceso a los servicios médicos en la región Andina, mediante la comparación de las condiciones imperantes en Ecuador, Perú y Bolivia. Estos tres países se caracterizan por...

This study analyzes social, ethnic and regional determinants of child malnutrition, as well as the effects of access to health services in the Andean Region, through a comparison between Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia. These three countries share a profile with high stunting prevalence and strong socio-economic, regional and ethnic disparities. The anal...

The importance of poverty reduction to the world development agenda has motivated greater interest in the geographic dimensions of poverty and food security. This special issue of Food Policy includes examples of poverty and food security mapping used to support policy development in agricultural and rural areas. The volume includes eight country c...

We examine the geographic dimensions of food consumption in Ecuador, which has one of the highest rates of chronic infant undernutrition in Latin America. We use statistical and spatial analyses to examine the distribution of food consumption and food poverty and to test and generate hypotheses of food poverty estimates at the district level. Resul...

We have estimated food consumption per person per fortnight for all households in the 1990 and 2001 population censuses. We constructed an explanatory model of food consumption per person using household characteristics extracted from living standards measurement surveys (LSMS) of 1995 and 1998 [5],[6] . We deem households 'food poor' when their fo...

Economic inequality has been hypothesized to be a determinant of population health, independent of poverty and household income. We examined the association between economic inequality and child malnutrition in Ecuador. Economic inequality was measured by the Gini coefficient of household per capita consumption, estimated from the 1990 Census. Chil...

En enero de 2000, en medio de una profunda crisis, el gobierno de Mahuad decreto la dolarizacion de la economia, convirtiendo al Ecuador en el primer pais latinoamericano que elimina su moneda nacional. Este articulo estudia los efectos sociales y economicos de la dolarizacion, y evalua los obstaculos actuales para el desarrollo humano y sustentabl...

To analyze the effects of socioeconomic, regional, and ethnic conditions on chronic malnutrition in four Andean countries of South America: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. The study was based on Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) for Colombia (1995), Peru (1996), and Bolivia (1997), and on a Living Standard Measurement Survey for Ecuador (1...

There is increasing awareness that race and ethnicity play an important role in the poverty and social marginalization of Latin American and Caribbean populations.

Afro-Indigenous health inequities are jointly estimated for Bolivia, Guatemala, Peru and Brazil. The concentration index for various health and health factor indices is decomposed according to two socio-geographic regionalizations. Ethnic health levels are systematically lower than corresponding non-ethnic levels for most Latin American regions, wh...

Introducción Uno de los principales objetivos del Grupo de trabajo constituido para desarrollar Indicadores Urbanos de Género es el análisis crítico de experiencias concretas sobre indicadores sociales y de género para el desarrollo local, y la elaboración de propuestas que consoliden el empleo de indicadores urbanos y de género en el contexto lati...

Introducción Las dos opciones para el Estado frente a la confirmación de grandes reservas de crudo pesado en el campo ITT del Parque Nacional Yasuní han sido: a) Explotar el petróleo con un impacto ambiental, cultural y social lo más bajo posible, o b) Impulsar la Iniciativa Yasuní-ITT, que ha planteado mantener indefinidamente las reservas del blo...

University Microfilms order no. UMI00421428. Thesis (Ph. D.)--York University, 1992. Includes bibliographical references.