Carlos L. Marcos- MArch, PhD architectural design (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid)
- Professor (Associate) at University of Alicante
Carlos L. Marcos
- MArch, PhD architectural design (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid)
- Professor (Associate) at University of Alicante
Head of Research group AIRASM
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Introduction
Current institution
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September 2015 - September 2017
September 2013 - February 2017
May 2011 - February 2017
Publications
Publications (101)
En cualquier análisis crítico-arquitectónico, el material empleado no debe ser juzgado únicamente por su apariencia superficial, sino que, por el contrario, debe ser entendido como un palimpsesto del que desvelar su talante semiótico, su aportación al significado del conjunto, o su capacidad sintáctica referida a la conjugación con otros materiales...
La noción de autoría en la arquitectura ha estado ligada al protagonismo del dibujo como registro autógrafo del proceso de proyecto desde el Renacimiento. Se analizan las condiciones y los límites para valorar la coautoría de una obra y se propone una clasificación en relación con los diferentes modos de consideración de la autoría en el complejo p...
Después de la modernidad y del postmodernismo, una pregunta se desliza entre críticos y arquitectos de forma desigual ¿qué arquitecturas pueden ser pertinentes? Rodríguez Magda acuñó un término transmodernidad, que bien podríamos extrapolar a la arquitectura para referirnos a esas obras contemporáneas en las que sigue vivo, de uno u otro modo, el p...
Architecture, as any creative endeavor, is subject to ever-changing progress driven by human inventiveness. Disruption is achieved within the discipline during moments of substantial innovative changes in the way buildings are conceived and built, displacing pre-existing canons. The so-called digital turns have disrupted the discipline in varied wa...
The use of models in the design process has been a common practice throughout history that still endures. Despite the development
of new technologies and their sophisticated ability to represent and anticipate the appearance of architectural designs, physical
models continue to captivate us today. Their materiality, combined with their three-dimens...
Until the beginning of the twentieth century, the most common way
of learning to draw or to paint was to copy exemplary works. From Romanticism
onwards, the progressive orientation in painting towards expression and a freer
interpretation of reality gradually relegated this mode of learning based onmasterapprentice
relationships and on the idea of...
Desde la fundación de la Accademia del Disegno,el dibujo hermanó a las denominadas bellas artes. Era el instrumento de control intelectual de la labor creativa común a tres disciplinas: pintura, escultura y arquitectura. La pintura sólo puede recrear la ilusión de profundidad, pero, escultura y arquitectura se desenvuelven directamente en el espaci...
En las últimas décadas viene observándose un resurgimiento en el uso alternativo de materiales cerámicos en arquitecturas diseñadas con sensibilidad fenomenológica, lo que ha supuesto repensar su materialización y formalización, y un entendimiento del lugar que incorpora sus características climatológicas. El artículo analiza nuevos modos de emplea...
Actualmente y en la mayoría de los casos, la aplicación de la teoría de sombras al dibujo arquitectónico tiene como objetivo la obtención de una (o varias) imágenes de mapas de bits. Este hecho a priori inocuo implica que, cuando los factores de iluminación entran en juego durante el modelado y parametrizado de la arquitectura y su entorno, las imá...
Precedent historic styles were analysed and recovered by historicist revisionism and revivalism during the nineteenth century. The lack of a style of its century lead to eclecticism, a trend that involved a merging of diverse ornamental repertories. Accordingly, eclectic garden design employed historic styles of different origins. As the cities gre...
Abstraction is a powerful tool that humankind has devised and used
for thousands of years. Abstractive processes have much to do with
generic thinking, avoiding the particular or the specific to address
shared aspects common to a class. In philosophy this was an old
debate that dealt with what was known as universals in opposition to
particulars. T...
Historical ensembles are urban areas of considerable heritage interest. They are foundational spaces of the city originally intended for habitat. They have represented a paradigm of the notion of the neighborhood, and a benchmark for a sustainable urban, social, and economic model in European Mediterranean culture. The tourism phenomenon can be a v...
El dibujo arquitectónico de representación figurativa —vehículo casi natural para pensar y comunicar la arquitectura— resulta imprescindible en la formación del estudiante, pero es necesario reconocer la utilidad de la abstracción en el ámbito de la concepción gráfica explorando diferentes maneras de incorporarla a las tareas docentes. En este artí...
One of the fundamental issues raised by Mario Carpo in The Second Digital Turn in relation to the digital revolution in architecture has to do with the paradigm shift that incorporates computational logics and replaces conventional “ways of doing” with new “ways of thinking”. The role that information plays in this context allows for new ideation s...
a escasa producción arquitectónica de Eileen Gray y su aprendizaje autodidacta, ajeno al ámbito académico, han contribuido a cuestionar su protagonismo en el proyecto de la vivienda E.1027, realizado junto a Jean Badovici, arquitecto y director de la revista L’Architecture Vivante. Esta investigación compara su lenguaje arquitectónico con el de otr...
This research attempts to focus on the rich architectural design qualities that make of the E-1027 a modern masterpiece. It represents a unique work of design that manages to effectively embrace the most significant trends of architectural modernism: neoplasticist architecture and the so-called international style—set after the Corbusian canon—yet...
Le Corbusier planteó durante los años 20 del siglo pasado una gramática para el nuevo lenguaje de la arquitectura de hormigón armado y acero, la arquitectura moderna. Sus míticas viviendas realizadas durante esa década en colaboración con Pierre Jeanneret constituirían un elenco extraordinariamente influyente en los años posteriores y servirían de...
The history of the built environment is
quite extensive as building typologies have
typically evolved slowly over time.
However, the International Style inflicted a
ubiquitous architecture indiscriminately
across the globe, forever changing the
urban skyline. Separating the occupant
from the outdoors while also deploying
uniform, anonymous styles a...
There is a general agreement that much of the syntax of modern architecture contributed to design buildings that were often inadequately adapted to climate conditions. However, there
are some renowned examples that, while consistent with modern tenets, prove that assumption to be wrong. Amongst them the E.1027 house designed by Eileen Gray and Jean...
This research underlines the importance that the consideration of temporality should be given to in contemporary visual studies. The initial hypothesis considers that the consideration of a temporal nature between a digital image and its content synchronizes such image with society and its being in the world. The analysis will be based on the study...
After World War II a new order emerged amongst the ruins, the devastation and the Allied triumph. The United States, more than any other country, emerged as a new world power with an optimism founded on victory as much as on its untouched territory and on its economy boosted by the military industrial complex. Architecture in the 50s could not avoi...
Humans have communicated with each other since they became such. Undoubtedly, the fact that we have developed symbolic systems
to communicate should account for such a difference. Moreover, our own evolution in terms of knowledge is inextricably connected to
such use.
Different symbolic systems contribute to our knowledge acquisition in various way...
The potential of grids to generate order in architecture is currently increased by advances in digital manufacturing processes and parametric design tools. Textile design as an example of the structural materialization of a grid has exerted a significant influence throughout the history of architecture. The fabric formed by the warp and the weft of...
This research work is twofold: it tries to reflect on the nature of graffiti and street art, and analyses a specific competition developed in April of 2019 in Torrevieja (Spain) as a case study. Thus, it reflects on the impact of urban tattoos and their elaboration process. It discusses some of the characteristics that graffiti possess when they ar...
Drawing has been the most effective way to address architectural representation for centuries. This has allowed for the translation of these plans into built architecture. Based on projections, drawings define a one to one relation between the points of architecture and those cast onto the projection plane. That is to say: an analogy between the th...
Este texto constituye un marco de reflexión abierta para definir qué entendemos por narrativa gráfica arquitectónica en un sentido amplio. Por ello, aunque centrado específicamente en el contexto del dibujo arquitectura y su expresión gráfica, la publicación también aborda la relación con otras disciplinas que se encuadran dentro de las artes visua...
This text aims to reflect on the imprint that procedures, strategies and
graphic instruments may have on design, and as a consequence, to what extent they influence the language of architecture.
Our essay explores the influence of grids and diagrams upon the course of architectural practice. In addition to the possibilities inherent in the analyti...
Graphic representation of the city and the territory has traditionally been connected to the idea of permanence. Not surprisingly, architecture -and by extension the city- has been conceived as a stable embodiment of stasis. The physical limits of its materiality, conceived and built to endure in time and to shelter humanity against the changing in...
Se plantea una experiencia docente innovadora de carácter transversal en el ámbito de la Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica (EGA) para el curso 2018-2019 desarrollada por varios profesores de dicha área de conocimiento en la Universidad de Alicante. La experiencia se ha desarrollado en tres asignaturas abordando un tema común desde su especificidad:l...
La textura es un valor arquitectónico plástico y expresivo, como el color, la transparencia o la forma. Concierne tanto a cualidades materiales de la arquitectura como a su representación gráfica. Textura y factura encarnan una condición sensorial entre háptica y visual. Nuestra investigación didáctica, apoyada en experiencias docentes, busca el do...
Architects work with graphic narratives frequently dedicated to the elaboration of images that either inspire or surprise; typically for architectural competitions. These images, unlike architectural drawings, have clear communicative objectives aimed at persuasion. Frequently, they are created purposefully with an intentionality that has some kind...
Architectural treatises of the 15th–16th centuries managed to build a uniform and hegemonic theoretical corpus in a short period of time thanks to the invention of the printing press, which allowed the diffusion of copies throughout Europe as the ‘Gutenberg galaxy’ began its expansion. The first treatises were scarcely illustrated, but the presence...
This is the Proceedings of the International Congress of Graphic Design in Architecture, EGA 2018, held in Alicante, Spain, May 30-June 1, 2018.
About 200 professionals and researchers from 18 different countries attended the Congress. This book will be of interest to researchers in the field of architecture and Engineering. Topics discussed are...
Diagrams have an extraordinary potential as a tool for the analysis of
architectural and urban problems.They can also be considered a design strategy
in themselves according to Eisenman's understanding of this graphic notation
system. Diagrams have proved to be a valid design tool for architecture beyond
the professional practice within the design...
Los procesos de ideación en la arquitectura se han valido tradicionalmente del
soporte gráfico, si bien la revolución digital parece haber desplazado, hasta cierto
punto, este debate. Tal vez, para las generaciones de arquitectos nativos digitales
algunas de estas consideraciones tengan menos vigencia, aunque muchos de
los que dominan la herramient...
Vivimos en un mundo gobernado por la gravedad, algo que tenemos interiorizado
desde que aprendemos a caminar. La necesidad de establecer un plano sobre el
que desplegar nuestra actividad está, en parte, relacionado con esta realidad a
la que no podemos sustraernos. El plano horizontal es estático porque todo en él
se desenvuelve de forma equipotenc...
(FULL TEXT AVAILABLE AT
http://hdl.handle.net/10045/82035
http://oa.upm.es/52674/)
Con motivo de la organización del XVII Congreso Internacional de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica propusimos realizar una exposición de dibujos de un arquitecto de prestigio internacional en el marco del Museo de la Universidad de Alicante que formase
parte de los c...
Actas XVII Congreso Internacional de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica (Alicante, 2018)
2 Tomos
Aunque no emplea los términos tectónico y estereotómico, tal vez en esto como
en otras cuestiones, el primero que lo hace –aunque sea implícitamente– sea
Vitruvio cuando, al hablar de los orígenes de la arquitectura y de la necesidad
del hombre de construir, establece una distinción entre los que construían sus
moradas y los que las excavaron en la...
(EN): Los tratados de arquitectura (ss. XV-XVII) lograron construir un corpus teórico uniforme y hegemónico en un corto periodo de tiempo gracias a la invención de la imprenta, lo que permitió la difusión de copias por Europa a medida que la ‘galaxia Gutenberg’ iniciaba su expansión. Los primeros tratados estaban escasamente ilustrados, pero la pre...
The necessity to show students a basic grammar of forms in space as a training for future challenges to deal with in architectural design projects is discussed here using abstract referents not directly connected to architecture. This paper addresses a propaedeutic and innovative teaching practice integrated within pedagogic strategies of graphic a...
Gestalt theory laid the foundations to infer perceptual laws through empirical experiences relating the phenomenon of visual perception with epistemology. Thus, determining perceptual aspects involved in graphic design or in pictorial language itself could be intentionally used ever since based on the knowledge of these perceptual of laws. Some of...
This research tries to reflect on the idea of digitally conscious design, from the
inception to the manufacturing process of a prototype. A theoretical reflection on
the topic is followed by the discussion about the results at two different
universities (Alicante and Naples) where students have been proposed a similar
assignment: a digitally consci...
Abstract
Digital tools have revolutionised architecture in varied ways; from the development of the project to architectural representation and deliverables themselves. In this paper we analyse different aspects of architectural graphic production in the last decades considering the possibilities of increased complexity and communicability in graph...
This research paper proposes, by means of the work developed in the course subject “ Graphic tools for urban planning” (“Herramientas Gráficas para el Urbanismo”) of the Master in Architecture course, to re-think the ways to graphically illustrate architecture in its urban and territorial setting.The fundamental reflection is anchored in the role w...
ABSTRACT: The production of Mendes da Rocha is usually
framed within ‘critical regionalism’ regarding the
review of modern architectural canon in the twentieth
century. Three aspects of his architecture are discussed
here: tradition, technique and heritage. The first aspect
sets his work as heir of modern Brazilian architecture
concerned by the con...
This paper tries to reflect on the advantages and disadvantages of the BIM paradigm in the context of university education, on the one hand, and the way in which its potentialities could benefit architectural teaching, on the other. A comprehensive implementation of the tool within the architectural degree curriculum can enhance students’ learning...
This paper addresses a propaedeutic and innovative teaching practice integrated within pedagogic strategies of graphic and three-dimensional architectural ideation. Physical models are valued as form-finding tools for space ideation as well as for training a haptic and visual conception of space.
The use of the so-called configural containers is f...
p>Este trabajo de investigación analiza las aplicaciones de la fotogrametría digital desde una óptica contemporánea en la que se establecen maneras alternativas de considerar el problema del levantamiento de la realidad construida y de un patrimonio que no tiene por qué obedecer siempre a las mismas y convencionales geometrías que imaginamos cuando...
RESUMEN. Este texto presenta algunos de los aspectos investigados en el seno de la Red del curso académico 2014-2015, “Fenomenología y percepción en arquitectura. De la escala 1/1 a la miniaturización de los modelos físicos y virtuales”, que se habían planteado al constituir la misma y que suponen una cierta continuidad con las ediciones anteriores...
Este texto presenta algunos de los temas investigados en la Red del curso académico 2015-2016 de título
homónimo que continúa con la estrategia de ediciones anteriores de este proyecto de investigación en docencia
desarrollado por un grupo de profesores en el Área de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica (E.G.A.). Hemos tenido
la suerte de contar con un...
The villa E.1027 has remained silenced for years in the historiography of modern architecture
despite its sophisticated modernity and its wise understanding of the locus;
perhaps due to its subtle criticism over the modern principles established during the
20’s and imposed over the following decades. This ominous oblivion has also included
a woman,...
Este artículo continúa la investigación de una propuesta de innovación docente, parcialmente abordada en el último Congreso EGA bajo el planteamiento de un ‘viaje imaginario a la mente del diseñador´. Se pretende desarrollar mecanismos vinculados al pensamiento gráfico y fomentar un dibujo desinhibido, eficaz y de respuesta rápida como recurso cara...
La extensa producción arquitectónica de Mendes da Rocha resulta difícil de clasificar bajo el reduccionismo de los ‘ismos’ porque supone una revisión crítica y de síntesis de una modernidad replanteada. Se abordan tres aproximaciones al conjunto de su obra. Primera: la nueva tradición moderna de la arquitectura brasileña atendiendo a la implicación...
The paper is a theoretical approach regarding digital architecture, performance
and time. It tries to reflect on the philosophical taxonomy of time -cosmological,
phenomenological and narrative- and how digitally conscious architectural
design developed by architects, media artists, engineers and multidisciplinary
teams address the engagement of th...
RESUMEN En este trabajo se analiza cómo pueden los arquitectos transformar los modos convencionales de representación de acuerdo con el contenido específico que desean transmitir. Planteamos, como punto de partida, que la obra de arquitectura puede ser transmitida a través de dibujos, sin abandonar los códigos gráficos habituales, enriquecidos a tr...
The development of new computer tools has greatly affected architectural language itself introducing a
change within the history of a millenary discipline that could be easily paralleled to the discovery of
linear perspective during the Renaissance. However, architectural drawing has not been affected in
the same way –disregarding 3D modelling and...
El artículo presenta algunos de los aspectos investigados en el seno de la Red “Codificación gráfica en los
dibujos de ideación y abstracción arquitectónica, y en el uso de nuevas tecnologías” del curso académico 2013-
2014 que se habían planteado al constituir la misma y que suponen una cierta continuidad con las ediciones
anteriores del Proyecto...
Este texto pretende realizar un análisis crítico del proyecto del edificio Germán Bernácer que Javer García-Solera proyectó en 1994 a partir de la abundante documentación gráfica -desde los primeros bosquejos hasta los planos y las fotografías de la obra una vez construida- que podemos encontrar entre las páginas del libro al que pertenece. Para no...
El concepto de transparencia como imagen compuesta fijada en la materialidad de un soporte físico y la naturaleza transparente de los materiales que permiten ver a su través no se agota en la clasificación de transparencia literal o fenoménica. La arquitectura del Movimiento Moderno con su aplicación de las tecnologías del acero, el hormigón y el v...
p>Más allá de la mera representación gráfica, las nuevas herramientas digitales permiten también desarrollar la comunicación gráfica con procedimientos que le son propios y con recursos de gran capacidad narrativa. Entre ellos cabe destacar la idea de polifonía gráfica como estrategia capaz de vertebrar un discurso gráfico de forma global, armoniza...
Beyond mere graphical representation, new digital
tools allow the development of unique graphic
communication procedures entailing resources of great
narrative skill. Among them, the idea of graphic
polyphony should be highlighted as a strategy capable
of globally structuring a graphic discourse that
harmonizes into layers the different elements fo...
Shortly before the 200th anniversary of Piranesi's death several researchers studied his controversial positions and proposed a portrait of Piranesi which rigid pro-Hellenic neo-classicism had managed to eclipse; their endeavour returned his works to their rightful place within the framework of the debate on modern architecture. However, it was not...
Architecture as a connection between the locus, the object and the subject.
Juan Navarro Baldeweg’s architecture is unmistakably permeated by his plastic work; these pages invite us to dive into these contaminating relationships between the different disciplines which he works on. In his architecture, Navarro tries to make evident, beyond the nece...
Constellations and crossed relationships: on the fuzzy edges between architecture, drawing, painting and sculpture.
Juan Navarro's concern to depict the liaison between man and the world he inhabits has led him to explore different disciplines in which his For example, the extrapolation that Navarro makes of the ready-made to architecture and the...
El artículo presenta una valoración crítica de la configuración de la docencia en el Área de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica (E.G.A.) en la titulación de Grado en Arquitectura de la Universidad de Alicante en el contexto del E.E.E.S. una vez que se han terminado de implantar este curso académico todas las asignaturas que forman parte de la mencion...
El artículo presenta dos de los aspectos investigados en el seno de la Red “Códigos gráficos y blogs para la docencia. Innovación e investigación docente en E.G.A. dentro del E.E.E.S.” que se habían planteado al constituir la misma y que constituyen una cierta continuidad con las ediciones anteriores del Proyecto Redes de la Universidad de Alicante...
Las nuevas tecnologías en el ámbito de la arquitectura han ido conformando un nuevo paradigma proyectual, especialmente a partir de las dos últimas décadas. El cambio sustancial se ha producido cuando el software, cada vez más potente, ha pasado de su condición instrumental como poderosa herramienta de representación de la arquitectura al ámbito de...
The use of diagrams as design tools has enriched recent architectural debate and has produced an alternative course for the process of ideation in architecture. However, diagrams and schemes are often confused with each other ignoring the constraints that the topological conceptualization of the latter entails. The paper attempts to examine the ana...
The interesting distinction established by Collin Rowe and Robert Slutzky regarding the concept of transparency in modern architecture can be further enriched in relation to digital architecture and the new ways in which architects may address the design of material limits. The polarity between materiality and virtuality, between being and appearan...
Interview to Spanish Architect Javier García-Solera
The concept of typology was originally stated by Quatremere de Quincy and implicitly developed by Durand, but its validity would be challenged at the onset of modernity. An interested and reductionist reading of the concept of typology and its appropriation by the historicist postmodernism trend eventually ended up in its discredit. Modern architec...
A finales de los años 80, ya iniciado el
segundo septenio de la era Mitterrand, el presidente de
la república francesa intentaba poner el broche de oro a
su "reinado" completando un conjunto de grandes obras
que había impulsado personalmente para transformar
la Ville-Lumiére en la capital de Europa, convocando
para ello un concurso restringido para...
The concept of typology was
originally stated by Quatremère de
Quincy and implicitly developed by
Durand, but its validity would be
challenged at the onset of
modernity. An interested and
reductionist reading of the concept
of typology and its appropriation by
the historicist postmodernism
trend eventually ended up in its
discredit. Modern architec...
As part of the know-how in First year of Architecture of the new degree adapted to Bologna Process
(in spring of 2011) in Alicante School of Architecture, students have chosen one of Rem Koolhaas
houses (Dall’Ava, Dutch, Nexus and Burdeos) and have started some graphic investigations
producing new drawings, partly based in Bruce Mau communication s...
RESUMEN (ABSTRACT) En el actual contexto de una crisis que ha golpeado con una dureza desconocida la profesión de arquitecto, uno de los tres talleres de p.f.c. de la titulación de Arquitectura se ha conformado de forma pionera en " Internationalization PFC Workshop " durante el curso 2011-2012. El objetivo del taller es aprovechar la docencia de P...
Digital fabrication has become the true counterpoint to computer aided design
in architecture. Thanks to new C.A.D./C.A.M. technologies architectural design can now
manufacture complex buildings that only a decade ago could have been almost impossible
to develop. This convergence between C.A.D./C.A.M. technologies is producing a trend from
construc...
The villa E.1027 has remained silenced for years in the historiography of modern architecture
despite its sophisticated modernity and its wise understanding of the locus;
perhaps due to its subtle criticism over the modern principles established during the
20’s and imposed over the following decades. This ominous oblivion has also included
a woman,...
Digitally conscious architectural design is founded on the assumption that computer tools should modify architecture’s own language, not just the way architects must work.
The idea of open form is the result of producing encoded designs, that is: geometry is defined parametrically and codified in a non material language instead of being imposed ove...
The use of diagrams as design
tools has enriched recent
architectural debate and has
produced an alternative course
for the process of ideation in
architecture. However, diagrams
and schemes are often confused
with each other ignoring the
constraints that the topological
conceptualization of the latter
entails. The paper attempts to
examine the ana...
Este artículo constituye una labor de síntesis de los trabajos realizados en el marco de la Red “Estudio y planificación de contenidos, materiales y metodología docentes según E.E.E.S. del Área de conocimiento Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica en la Titulación de Grado en Arquitectura” en el contexto del Proyecto Redes de Investigación en Docencia U...
El proyecto tiene como objetivo la planificación de contenidos, materiales y metodologías docentes, de acuerdo con el Espacio Europeo de Enseñanzas Superiores, del Segundo Curso del Grado en Arquitectura para el curso 2011/12. Para ello han formado parte del trabajo los profesores que podrán ser coordinadores/as de las asignaturas y estarán implica...
El artículo presenta una valoración crítica de los aspectos más relevantes y de las dificultades encontradas en la implantación de las asignaturas del Área de Expresión Gráfica Arquitectónica, así como de las propuestas correctoras que se prevé introducir tanto en los aspectos metodológicos, en el temario, en el cronograma o en los sistemas de eval...
Abstract. Traditionally, the architect designed projects with a constructive control over their geometry. This meant that the characterization of form is progressive but it is closed at each stage of project.
However, nowadays parametric design has exceeded the constraints of closed form observed in traditional design introducing a shift of paradig...
Complexity as a result of improved design capabilities through the use of computer tools was introduced in the architectural debate since these became irreplaceable. On the other hand, not every designer is genuinely aware of the logical implications that the use of these tools may entail. Used as a simple emulation of enhanced traditional design t...
This paper addresses issues related to graphic thinking providing parallels between textual language and graphic language on the one hand, and between graphics –as produced objects- and their authors –as the active subjects- on the other. Thus, it explores the two poles of the graphic language -abstraction and figurativeness- in a pictorial context...
This paper addresses issues related to what has been called parametric design, probably the most disruptive use of information technology in the field of graphics processing. Its influence goes far beyond architectural graphic expression properly speaking. Indeed, the emergence of these new tools has determined, to a large extent, the course and th...
Computer tools used in architecture or more generally
speaking in the graphic media, in their ultimate
stage, can develop geometries generated from programming
languages. This means the modelling of
those geometries is non-graphic, instead it is parametric.
For example, scripting languages developed
in programs like Rhino, Autocad or 3dMax, such as...
El hecho de que las palabras estén forjadas a partir de conceptos universales dificulta al lenguaje textual una relación precisa con la realidad material, en la medida que ésta es necesariamente particular y concreta. Por el contrario, el lenguaje gráfico se presta extraordinariamente bien a representar la realidad, a describirla con la mayor preci...
The paper tries to take a critical look at the concept of Bigness as defined by Koolhaas, its relation to architectural scale and the impact it produces in the cities. Especially in the context of a globalized world, now that cities compete ichnographically to gain a position in this new international urban scene. The present tendency of cities urb...
This paper analyzes the design variables which constitute the nature of design itself and how can we
manage to teach them to our students from a theoretical point of view. That is, what are the questions the
designer should address when confronted to the design of an object? What are the features a type object
should comprise?
In order to achieve o...
