Carlos Granell

• PhD
• European Commission

Objective While exposure therapy (ET) has the potential to help people tolerate intense situation-specific emotions and change avoidance behaviours, no smartphone solution exists to guide the process of in-vivo ET. A geolocation-based smartphone software component was designed and developed to instrumentalize patient guidance in in-vivo ET and its...

Physical performance tests aim to assess the physical abilities and mobility skills of individuals for various healthcare purposes. They are often driven by experts and usually performed at their practice, and therefore they are resource-intensive and time-demanding. For tests based on objective measurements (e.g., duration, repetitions), technolog...

Positioning in indoor scenarios using signals of opportunity is an effective solution enabling accurate and reliable performance in Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-obscured scenarios. Despite the availability of numerous fingerprinting datasets utilizing various wireless signals, the challenge of device heterogeneity and sample density re...

This article discusses the latest developments of the Sucre4Stem tool, as part of the Sucre initiative, which aims to promote interest in computational thinking and programming skills in K-12 students. The tool follows the Internet of Things approach and consists of two prominent components: 1) SucreCore and 2) SucreCode . SucreCore incor...

The ubiquity of consumer devices with sensing and computational capabilities, such as smartphones and smartwatches, has increased interest in their use in human activity recognition for healthcare monitoring applications, among others. When developing such a system, researchers rely on input data to train recognition models. In the absence of openl...

This article describes a dataset for human activity recognition with inertial measurements, i.e., accelerometer and gyroscope, from a smartphone and a smartwatch placed in the left pocket and on the left wrist, respectively. Twenty-three heterogeneous subjects (μ = 44.3, σ = 14.3, 56% male) participated in the data collection, which consisted of pe...

In recent years, interest and investment in health and mental health smartphone apps have grown significantly. However, this growth has not been followed by an increase in quality and the incorporation of more advanced features in such applications. This can be explained by an expanding fragmentation of existing mobile platforms along with more res...

Indoor positioning performed directly at the end-user device ensures reliability in case the network connection fails but is limited by the size of the RSS radio map necessary to match the measured array to the device’s location. Reducing the size of the RSS database enables faster processing, and saves storage space and radio resources necessary f...

The lack of a well‐established and unified place theory across disciplines is decelerating its formalization, evolution, and especially its pragmatic implications and applicability. In this article, we identify research gaps in the emotive facets of place scholarship. We found that it: (1) rarely joins physical, social, and individual variables in...

Precision medicine pursues the ambitious goal of providing personalized interventions targeted at individual patients. Within this vision, digital health and mental health, where fine-grained monitoring of patients form the basis for so-called ecological momentary assessments and interventions, play a central role as complementary technology-based...

Wearable and IoT devices requiring positioning and localisation services grow in number exponentially every year. This rapid growth also produces millions of data entries that need to be pre-processed prior to being used in any indoor positioning system to ensure the data quality and provide a high Quality of Service (QoS) to the end-user. In this...

Wearable and IoT devices requiring positioning and localisation services grow in number exponentially every year. This rapid growth also produces millions of data entries that need to be pre-processed prior to being used in any indoor positioning system to ensure the data quality and provide a high Quality of Service (QoS) to the end-user. In this...

This paper describes a new technological evolution of the Sucre project, which aims to foster a vocation for science and develop computational thinking and programming skills in pre-university students. This improved version is called Sucre4Stem and has been designed from the Internet of Things perspective. At a technological level, we differen...

In various usage scenarios, smartphones are used as measuring instruments to systematically and unobtrusively collect data measurements (e.g., sensor data, user activity, phone usage data). Unfortunately, in the race towards extending battery life and improving privacy, mobile phone manufacturers are gradually restricting developers in (frequently)...

Europe’s digital transformation of the economy and society is one of the priorities of the current Commission and is framed by the European strategy for data. This strategy aims at creating a single market for data through the establishment of a common European data space, based in turn on domain-specific data spaces in strategic sectors such as en...

In an attempt to increase the reproducibility of contributions to a long-running and established geospatial conference series, the 23rd AGILE Conference on Geographic Information Science 2020 (https://agile-online.org/conference-2020) for the first time provided guidelines on preparing reproducible papers (Nüst et al., 2020) and appointed a reprodu...

University students enroling in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)‐related studies such as computer science continue to decline, even though worldwide educational policy reports warn about the need for this type of professionals in the immediate future. Promoting computer science studies among preuniversity students seems the m...

Este artículo describe las experiencias, actividades realizadas, recursos generados y recomendaciones para la promoción e incentivación de prácticas en investigación reproducible en el campo de la ciencia de la información geográfica. Aunque el artículo se centra en la comunidad y conferencia AGILE (Association of Geographic Information Laboratorie...

Este artículo describe las experiencias, actividades realizadas, recursos generados y recomendaciones para la promoción e incentivación de prácticas en investigación reproducible en el campo de la ciencia de la información geográfica. Aunque el artículo se centra en la comunidad y conferencia AGILE (Association of Geographic Information Laboratorie...

Background: Smartphone apps are an increasingly popular means for delivering psychological interventions to patients suffering from a mental disorder. In line with this popularity, there is a need to analyze and summarize the state of the art, both from a psychological and technical perspective. Objective: This study aimed to systematically review...

Scientific research results are traditionally published as articles in peer-reviewed conference proceedings or journals. These articles often use technical jargon, which precludes the general public from consuming the results achieved. New ways to communicate scientific results are thus necessary to transfer scientific insights to non-experts, and...

Geospatial information infrastructures (GIIs) provide the technological, semantic, organizational and legal structure that allow for the discovery, sharing, and use of geospatial information (GI). In this chapter, we introduce the overall concept and surrounding notions such as geographic information systems (GIS) and spatial data infrastructures (...

Panic disorder (PD) is quite prevalent and often appears along with agoraphobia (PD/A). The treatment of choice is cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Transdiagnostic intervention, an emotion-focused, cognitive behavioral intervention that has led to the Unified Protocol (UP), emphasizes the common underlying mechanisms that contribute to the devel...

This chapter presents the results obtained during the three years of the SUCRE4Kids project, whose main objectives are the promotion of scientific vocations, the promotion of computational thinking and programming in high school students and Vocational Education and Training students. SUCRE4Kids combines the use of smart devices and electronic comp...

Digital Earth was born with the aim of replicating the real world within the digital world. Many efforts have been made to observe and sense the Earth, both from space and by using in situ sensors. Focusing on the latter, advances in Digital Earth have established vital bridges to exploit these sensors and their networks by taking location as a key...

Digital Earth was born with the aim of replicating the real world within the digital world. Many efforts have been made to observe and sense the Earth, both from space (remote sensing) and by using in situ sensors. Focusing on the latter, advances in Digital Earth have established vital bridges to exploit these sensors and their networks by taking...

Research in the development of tools to successfully deliver psychological interventions through smartphones is growing rapidly. As the research body grows towards more cutting-edge solutions that utilize the smartphone's advanced technical capabilities, various challenges are uncovered to successfully and efficiently deliver safe interventions in...

BACKGROUND Smartphone apps are an increasingly popular means for providing psychological interventions to patients suffering from a mental disorder. In line with this popularity, there is a need to analyse and summarize the state of the art, both from a psychological and technical perspective. OBJECTIVE This systematic review focuses on the use of...

This work identifies major areas of knowledge and proposes a set of relevant dimensions by area that must be taken into account in the design and delivery of context-aware mobile applications for mental health interventions. We argue that much of the related research has focused only on a few dimensions, paying little or no attention to others and,...

In large-scale context-aware applications, a central design concern is capturing, managing and acting upon location and context data. The ability to understand the collected data and define meaningful contextual events, based on one or more incoming (contextual) data streams, both for a single and multiple users, is hereby critical for applications...

The open data movement has been gaining momentum in the recent years, with increasingly many public institutions making their data freely accessible. Despite much data being already open (and more to come), finding information about the actual usage of these open datasets is still a challenge. This chapter introduces two tools of the Open City Tool...

Reproducibility is a fundamental pillar in science but it has recently been described as hard and challenging to achieve, as stated in numerous editorials and papers, some of which alert on a “reproducibility crisis”. In this article we outline 1/ the approach taken to put Reproducible Research (RR) in the agenda of the GIScience community, 2/ firs...

Reproducibility is a fundamental pillar in science but it has recently been described as hard and challenging to achieve, as stated in numerous editorials and papers, some of which alert on a “reproducibility crisis”. In this article we outline 1/ the approach taken to put Reproducible Research (RR) in the agenda of the GIScience community, 2/ firs...

The demand for reproducible research is on the rise in disciplines concerned with data analysis and computational methods. Therefore, we reviewed current recommendations for reproducible research and translated them into criteria for assessing the reproducibility of articles in the field of geographic information science (GIScience). Using this cri...

References of evaluated publications

To meet the growing demands from public and private stakeholders for early yield estimates, a high-resolution (2 km × 2 km) rice yield forecasting system based on the integration of the WARM model and remote sensing (RS) technologies was developed. RS was used to identify rice-cropped area and to derive spatially distributed sowing dates, and for t...

The demand for reproducibility of research is on the rise in disciplines concerned with data analysis and computational methods. In this work existing recommendations for reproducible research are reviewed and translated into criteria for assessing reproducibility of articles in the field of geographic information science (GIScience). Using a sampl...

The demand for reproducibility of research is on the rise in disciplines concerned with data analysis and computational methods. In this work existing recommendations for reproducible research are reviewed and translated into criteria for assessing reproducibility of articles in the field of geographic information science (GIScience). Using a sampl...

Location is increasingly gaining strength in the world of games, resulting in a new genre of games called location-aware games. This type of games can be applied to various areas such as medicine, psychology and education, as location and spatial characteristics are horizontal to many application domains. This work tries to increase the number of t...

Metrics are important and well-known tools to measure users’ behavior in games, and gameplay in general. Particularities of location-aware games—a class of games where the player’s location plays a central role-demand specific support in metrics to adequately address the spatio-temporal features such games exhibit. In this article, we analyse and d...

The ERMES agromonitoring system for rice cultivations integrates EO data at different resolutions, crop models, and user-provided in situ data in a unified system, which drives two operational downstream services for rice monitoring. The first is aimed at providing information concerning the behavior of the current season at regional/rice district...

The literature has offered a number of surveys regarding the concept of smart city, but few assessments of toolkits. This paper presents a short analysis of existing smart city toolkits. The analysis yields some general observations about existing toolkits. The article closes with a brief introduction of the Open City Toolkit, a toolkit currently u...

The natural and built environment has an impact on the amount of daily physical activity that people do, being less than the minimum recommended by international organizations. However, some characteristics of the environment may incentive physical activity more than others. While technological advances in geospatial information can be regarded as...

Many countries currently maintain a national data catalog, which provides access to the available datasets – sometimes via an Application Programming Interface (API). These APIs play a crucial role in realizing the benefits of open data as they are the means by which data is discovered and accessed by applications that make use of it. This article...

This paper investigates the usability of Future Internet technologies (aka "Generic Enablers of the Future Internet") in the context of environmental applications. The paper incorporates the best aspects of the state-of-the-art in environmental informatics with geospatial solutions and scalable processing capabilities of Internet-based tools. It sp...

The holy grail of smart cities is an integrated, sustainable approach to improve the efficiency of the city’s operations and the quality of life of citizens. At the heart of this vision is the citizen, who is the primary beneficiary of smart city initiatives, either directly or indirectly. Despite the recent surge of research and smart cities initi...

En los tiempos actuales, ante el aumento de la demanda de alimentos, el incremento del precio de ellos y la adopción de nuevas técnicas para la agricultura, es más importante la optimización de las explotaciones agrícolas. Ante este escenario, nace el proyecto Europeo ERMES (An Earth Observation Model based Rice Information Service, http://www.ERME...

Today, scientists use local and closed geospatial solutions to run their models and store their results. This may limit their ability to share their models, and results with other interested colleagues. This scenario is changing with the advent of new factors such as the rapid growth and rise of open source projects, or new paradigms promoted by go...

Most health-related issues such as public health outbreaks and epidemiological threats are better understood from a spatial-temporal perspective and, clearly demand related geospatial datasets and services so that decision makers may jointly make informed decisions and coordinate response plans. Although current health applications support a kind o...

This book collects innovative research presented at the 17th Conference of the Association of Geographic Information Laboratories for Europe (AGILE) on Geographic Information Science, held in 2014 in Castellón, Spain. The scientific papers cover a variety of fundamental research topics as well as applied research in Geospatial Information Science,...

This paper motivates the enablement of the Future Internet to become a highly functional service platform supporting the design and the operation of software applications in the Environmental Information Space. It reports on the experience made by the European research project ENVIROFI as one of the usage area projects within the Future Internet Pu...

This paper presents the authors experiences with the development of mobile Volunteered Geographic Info rmation (VGI) applications in the context of the ENVIROFI project and Future Internet Public Private Partnersh ip (FI-PPP) FP7 research programme. FI-PPP has an ambitious goal of developing a set of Generic FI Enablers (GEs) - software and hardwar...

Today’s interconnected socio-economic and environmental challenges require the combination and reuse of existing integrated modelling solutions. This paper contributes to this overall research area, by reviewing a wide range of currently available frameworks, systems and emerging technologies for integrated modelling in the environmental sciences....

Science and policy increasingly request for sustainable development and growth. Similarly, Digital Earth undergoes a paradigm shift to an open platform that actively supports user engagement. While the public becomes able to contribute new content, we recognize a gap in user-driven validation, feedback and requirements capture, and innovative appli...

Nowadays geospatial data users search for geospatial information within an SDI using discovery clients of a Geoportal application (i.e. INSPIRE Geoportal). If data producers want to promote related resources and make them available in the SDI, then they need to create metadata according to the predefined rules (i.e. INSPIRE metadata regulation) and...

The current collaborative context and resource sharing that drives Web 2.0 is gaining importance within academia and industry, which is stimulating the development of new techniques for content retrieval, sharing and analysis over user-generated media content. This poses new challenges and research opportunities in spatial-based discovery media res...

XML and XML Schema are used in the geospatial domain for the definition of standards that enhance the interoperability between producers and consumers of spatial data. The size and complexity of these geospatial standards and their associated schemas have been growing with time reaching levels of complexity that make it difficult to build systems b...

Site-specific agriculture has been adopted in a high-tech context using, for instance, in situ sensors, satellite images for remote sensing analysis, and some other technological devices. However, farmers and smallholders without the economic resources and required knowledge to use and to access the latest technology seem to find an impediment to p...

Integrated environmental modelling is gaining momentum for addressing grand scientific challenges such as monitoring the environment for change detection and forecasting environmental conditions along with the consequences for society. Such challenges can only be addressed by a multi-disciplinary approach, in which socio-economic, geospatial, and e...

Creation of 3D content in networked environments is a growing field of research, and its application will be key in many sectors such as medicine, simulation and cultural heritage. However, not many solutions exist that are able to use and manage 3D objects in such environments. In this paper, we present an architecture for the intelligent creation...

Nowadays many ways exist to search and retrieve geospatial information (GI) on the web. Very well know and mostly used systems for spatial browsing such as Google Maps provide an easy and user friendly way to discover daily used GI as for instance addresses, points of interest and routes between them, etc. On the other hand Spatial Data Infrastruct...

This is the author's version of the work. The final publication is available at http://rd.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11119-012-9267-4 Site-specific agriculture has been adopted in a high-tech context using, for instance, in-situ sensors, satellite images for remote sensing analysis, and some other technological devices. However, farmers and smal...

Today, scientists use local and closed geospatial solutions to run their models and store their results. This may limit their ability to share their models, and results with other interested colleagues. This scenario is changing with the advent of new factors such as the rapid growth and rise of open source projects, or new paradigms promoted by go...

Presently, solutions for geo-information sharing are mainly based on Web technologies, implementing service-oriented frameworks, and applying open (international or community) standards and interoperability arrangements. Such frameworks take the name of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs). The recent evolution of the World Wide Web (WWW), with the...

Although smartphone applications represent the most typical data consumer tool from the citizen perspective in environmental applications, they can also be used for in-situ data collection and production in varied scenarios, such as geological sciences and biodiversity. The use of standard protocols, such as SWE, to exchange information between sma...

Recent trends in information technology show that citizens are increasingly willing to share information using tools provided by Web 2.0 and crowdsourcing platforms to describe events that may have social impact. This is fuelled by the proliferation of location-aware devices such as smartphones and tablets; users are able to share information in th...

This document outlines the ENVIROFI data and meta-information specifications. The approach we have adopted is to first analyse the domain specific data models, vocabularies, ontologies and metadata found in the ENVIROFI pilots. This analysis is supported in the appendix with examples of the data sources described. We then review the available metad...

The use of standards in the geospatial domain, such as those defined by the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), for exchanging data has brought a great deal of interoperability upon which systems can be built in a reliable way. Unfortunately, these standards are becoming increasingly complex, making their implementation an arduous task. The use of ap...

Recent distributed computing trends advocate the use of Representational State Transfer (REST) to alleviate the inherent complexity of the Web services standards in building service-oriented web applications. In this paper we focus on the particular case of geospatial services interfaced by the OGC Web Processing Service (WPS) specification in orde...

Recent distributed computing trends advocate the use of Representational State Transfer (REST) to alleviate the inherent complexity of the Web services standards in building service-oriented web applications. In this paper we focus on the particular case of geospatial services interfaced by the OGC Web Processing Service (WPS) specification in orde...

La localización y evaluación de la información geográfica existente han sido los principales problemas con los que se han enfrentado los responsables del diseño e implementación de proyectos de SIG. Las IDE, consideradas como la evolución de los SIG a un entorno web —aunque existen otras visiones antagónicas —, identifican los servicios de localiza...

This year, the final parts of the INSPIRE Data Specifications will be completed and published (in version 3.0). The INSPIRE Networking Services for Discovery and View will soon be accompanied with download and transformation capabilities. Although European and international communities have already been heavily involved in the drafting and reviewin...

Presently, solutions for geo-information sharing are mainly based on Web technologies, implementing service-oriented frameworks, and applying open (international or community) standards and interoperability arrangements. Such frameworks take the name of Spatial Data Infrastructures (SDIs). The recent evolution of the World Wide Web (WWW), with the...

Information Systems built using standard-based distributed services have become the default computing paradigm adopted by the geospatial community to build Geospatial Information Infrastructures. There are many aspects to consider in order to improve the discovery of geospatial resources. The efficiency of discovery is determinant to deploy success...

RESTful services are increasingly gaining traction over Web Services (WS-*). As with WS-* services, their semantic annotation can provide benefits in tasks related to their discovery, composition, and mediation. In this chapter, the authors present an approach to automate the semantic annotation of geospatial RESTful services using a cross-domain o...

XML and XML Schema are widely used in different domains for the definition of standards that enhance the interoperability between parts exchanging information through the Internet. The size and complexity of some standards, and their associated schemas, have been growing with time as new use case scenarios and data models are added to them. The com...

Health professionals and authorities strive to cope with heterogeneous data, services, and statistical models to support decision making on public health. Sophisticated analysis and distributed processing capabilities over geocoded epidemiological data are seen as driving factors to speed up control and decision making in these health risk situatio...

Although the adoption of OGC Web Services for server, desktop and web applications has been successful, its penetration in mobile devices has been slow. One of the main reasons is the performance problems associated with XML processing as it consumes a lot of memory and processing time, which are scarce resources in a mobile device. In this paper w...

XML Schema is the language used to define the structure of messages exchanged between OGC-based web service clients and providers. The size of these schemas has been growing with time, reaching a state that makes its understanding and effective application a hard task. A first step to cope with this situation is to provide different ways to measure...

The number of Sensor Observation Service (SOS) instances available online has been increasing in the last few years. The SOS specification standardises interfaces and data formats for exchanging sensor-related in-formation between information providers and consumers. SOS in conjunction with other specifications in the Sensor Web Enablement initiati...