Carlos Cristi-Montero

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Verified

Carlos verified their affiliation via an institutional email.

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• PhD. Physical Activity and Sport Sciences
• Researcher at Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso

Background: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an effective and efficient method for training Paralympic athletes with cerebral palsy, particularly in intermittent sports and those requiring aerobic and anaerobic capacity, speed, and strength to delay fatigue onset and optimize athletic performance. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze t...

Background: While adherence to the WHO 24-hour movement guidelines has been linked to improved health outcomes, its relationship with brain morphology remains underexplored, particularly in understudied pop- ulations such as Latin American adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined brain morphology in 58 Chilean adolescents using str...

Objective: Traditional and non-traditional strategies have been employed to improve youth health. Dog-assisted interventions have been proposed as a novel strategy to regulate stress and its consequences across all ages. This systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis assessed the influence of dog-assisted interventions on cortisol levels in th...

Background: Body composition is a determinant of physical fitness and sports performance. Aim: To describe the anthropometric characteristics, body composition, somatotype, and asymmetries of the 2023 world champion in the C1-1000 canoeing event. Methods: Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), and anthropome...

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the effects of four weeks of HIIT on VO2max, anaerobic power, and athletic performance in cyclists with cerebral palsy. Materials and Methods: Three male athletes (Class: T1: n=2; age: 21.5±3.53 years; height: 158.5±3.53 cm; body mass: 53.1±2.40 kg; competitive experience: 4.5±3.53 years and Class:...

Unhealthy lifestyles risk factors, such as smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, poor diet, and obesity, have been associated with a higher risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality. However, composite score of these unhealthy behaviours has not been considered, particularly in Latin American populations. Herein, we examined the a...

Purpose: To identify patterns in the “Fat but Fit” paradox and its impact on cognitive performance and academic achievement in Chilean adolescents. This paradox suggests that better physical fitness may mitigate the negative effects of excess adiposity. Methods: A cross-sectional study, part of the Cogni-Action Project, included 1,296 adolescents (...

Children spend most of their waking hours sedentary and reducing this behavior has been challenging. Interrupting prolonged episodes of sedentary behavior with active breaks can provide mental and cognitive health benefits. Considering the multifactorial nature of these health aspects, this study aimed to verify the role of body mass index (BMI), c...

Although current research indicates that the active mode of displacement commuting influences the health of schoolchildren, what is known about the relationship between self-reported physical fitness and its relationship with active commuting to school (ACS) is known less so. In addition, trends highlight the need to conduct country-specific analys...

Aunque las investigaciones actuales indican que el modo activo de desplazamiento influye en la salud de los escolares, lo que se sabe sobre la relación entre la condición física autoinformada y su relación con la forma de desplazarse activamente hacia y desde la escuela (ACS, por sus siglas en inglés) se sabe menos. Los objetivos de este estudio fu...

La obesidad es vinculada a una inflamación crónica que altera no sólo los marcadores inflamatorios sino también al sistema nervioso autonómico, estableciendo una predominancia simpática conduciendo a un riesgo cardiovascular. De esa manera el entrenamiento cardiovagal es reconocido un tratamiento que no sólo modifica la condición física sino tambié...

Background : Global initiatives have been put in place to attain a thorough understanding of worldwide variations in physical activity (PA) among children and adolescents. Yet, there is limited knowledge about PA-related indicators, specifically for children and adolescents with disabilities (CAWD). To bridge this data gap, the Global Matrix of Par...

In skydiving, the monitoring of external and internal load is essential to establish energy demands. The objective of the study was to analyze the internal and external load performed by the Chilean national skydiving team during a national championship. A non-experimental, cross-sectional and descriptive study was carried out with the participatio...

En el paracaidismo, el monitoreo de la carga externa e interna es esencial para establecer las demandas de energía. El objetivo del estudio fue analizar la carga interna y externa realizada por la selección nacional de paracaidismo de Chile durante un campeonato nacional. Se realizó un estudio no experimental, transversal y descriptivo con la parti...

This work outlines the design, measurements, intervention program,and potential efficacy of the “Active Classes + School Climate and Mental Health”project. This project will assess a 12-week program of active breaks through guidedvideos with curricular content in the school classroom, and its effects on mentalhealth and school climate as its primar...

This systematic review aimed to establish the effectiveness of exercise interventions, alone or in combination with dietary modifications, on working memory (WM) in individuals living with overweight and obesity. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using the Scopus, PubMed, Springer‐Link, RefSeek, and Cochrane Library databases to ident...

Objective To establish whether physical fitness and cognitive self-perceptions act as mediators in the link between global fitness and cognitive performance measured objectively in adolescents. We also compared differences across sex. Methods A total of 1,296 adolescents (50% girls) from grades 5 to 8 (ages 10-14) participated in this cross-sectio...

Background The promotion of daily breakfast consumption and the importance of making appropriate breakfast choices have been underscored as significant public health messages. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between breakfast frequency and life satisfaction in large and representative samples of school-going children and adole...

Objective To determine how cognitive domains mediate the link between fitness components, their global score (GFS), and adolescents’ academic achievement (ACA) across various school subjects. Methods In this study, 1,296 adolescents aged 10–14 participated. GFS was computed by three fitness components (strength, muscular, and cardiorespiratory fit...

Purpose To summarize the results of Chile's 2022 Report Card (RC) on physical activity (PA) for Children and Adolescents. Methods Chile's 2022 RC included ten core PA indicators common to the Global Matrix 4.0. Evidence from scientific articles, reports, and databases published between 2018 and January 2022 was included for each indicator. The dat...

Poor early childhood self‐regulation is related to many mental health problems and antisocial behaviours, so it is important to use psychometrically sound instruments to assess children's self‐regulation and behavioural development. The aim of this study is to report the translation, adaptation, as well as explore the construct validity of the chil...

There is evidence that promoting school physical activity (PSPA) benefits children and adolescents, but little is understood about how this promotion may relate to academic achievement and school climate across varying levels of socioeconomic status (SES). Hence, the study aimed to address this knowledge gap by examining two main objectives: (1) de...

Background: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is crucial for brain health, and exercise has been shown to boost its levels. However, the impact of exercise on BDNF on apparently healthy participants, studied exclusively through randomized controlled trials (RCTs), remains unclear. We conducted a systematic-review and multilevel meta-analyses...

Brief Summary: Sport specialization requires an understanding of morphological variability to optimize performance. However, the current literature lacks a detailed analysis of the anthropometric profile of track and field athletes, especially in Latin America. Additionally, the five-way fractionation method of body mass has been under-documented....

Background. The correlation between parental and child physical activity levels has been the subject of significant investigation. Existing research has illuminated this association, particularly emphasising its influence during childhood. However, as children transition into adolescence, this relationship appears to weaken. Despite the recognised...

Introduction Admission to university has been identified as a period involving the adoption of unhealthy lifestyle behaviors. However, few studies have addressed the extent of this experience among Latin American university students. The aim of this study was twofold: first, to describe anthropometric variables, body composition, physical activity,...

Objective To analyze the relationships between sociodemographic, behavioral, breastfeeding, body composition, physical fitness, and insulin biomarkers before and after a multicomponent intervention among adolescents with overweight and obesity using network analysis. Methods This was a quasi-experimental study with 37 adolescents with overweight/o...

Health-related behaviours have been related to brain structural features. In developing settings, such as Latin America, high social inequality has been inversely associated with several health-related behaviours affecting brain development. Understanding the relationship between health behaviours and brain structure in such settings is particularl...

El Ministerio de Salud de Chile ha presentado la Estrategia para Detener la Aceleración del Sobrepeso y Obesidad en la Niñez y Adolescencia 2023-2030, enfocada en abordar las alarmantes cifras de prevalencia de obesidad infantil y juvenil. Según datos del sistema público de salud, el sobrepeso afectó al 22,44% y la obesidad al 14,06% de niños menor...

Background Excessive sedentary time has been negatively associated with several health outcomes, and physical activity alone does not seem to fully counteract these consequences. This panorama emphasizes the essential of sedentary time interruption programs. “The Up Project” seeks to assess the effectiveness of two interventions, one incorporating...

Aim: To verify the acute effect of two physical exercise programs on cognitive performance (inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility) in schoolchildren. Methods:This is a randomized controlled clinical study with three groups: Experimental Group 1 (EG1) received problem-solving, balance, and movement coordination exercises; Experimental Group 2...

Citation: Peña-Jorquera, H.; Martínez-Flores, R.; Espinoza-Puelles, J.P.; López-Gil, J.F.; Ferrari, G.; Zapata-Lamana, R.; Lofrano-Prado, M.C.; Landaeta-Díaz, L.; Cigarroa, I.; Durán-Agüero, S.; et al. Adolescents with a Favorable Mediterranean-Style-Based Pattern Show Higher Cognitive and Academic Achievement: A Cluster Analysis-The Cogni-Action P...

Global concern has deepened in recent decades over alarming rates of obesity, sedentarism, insufficient physical activity and fitness levels, and unhealthy eating habits in children and adolescents. Parallelly, we have witnessed increased poverty and socioeconomic vulnerability worldwide. Understanding the intrinsic relationship between physical an...

In recent decades, there has been growing global concern about alarming rates of obesity, sedentary lifestyles, insufficient levels of physical activity and fitness, and unhealthy eating habits among children and adolescents. At the same time, we have witnessed an increase in global poverty and socioeconomic vulnerability. Understanding the intrins...

Todos sabemos que mantenerse físicamente activo y en forma es bueno para nuestro cuerpo, ¿verdad? Y que comer sano nos proporciona calorías de buena calidad para correr más rápido, patinar más fuerte, bailar durante más tiempo. Y que cuando no se duerme lo suficiente, es difícil sobrellevar el día. A pesar de que un estilo de vida saludable es mejo...

To evaluate the simultaneous moderating role of sleep duration and screen time in the relationship between waist circumference (WC) and clustered cardiometabolic risk score (cMetS) according to children and adolescents' physical activity. A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 3072 children and adolescents (aged 6–17 years, 57.5% girls). Physical...

Background: Excessive sedentary time has been negatively associated with several health outcomes, and physical activity alone does not seem to fully counteract these consequences. This panorama emphasizes the essential of sedentary time interruption programs. "The Up Project" seeks to assess the effectiveness of two interventions, one incorporating...

The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of a physical activity (PA) program on the fitness perceptions (FP) of nine-to-11-year-old schoolchildren. This quasi-experimental study involved 24 children divided into experimental (EG) and control groups (CG). Perceptions of fitness (FP), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRFP) and muscular streng...

Background Students enrolling in higher education often adopt lifestyles linked to worse mental health, potentially contributing to the peak age onset of mental health problems in early adulthood. However, extensive research is limited by focusing on single lifestyle behaviors, including single time points, within limited cultural contexts, and foc...

Aim to verify the role of body mass index (BMI), cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in the relationship between the break in sedentary time with cognitive and mental health in children. Methods Cross-sectional study with 129 children (62 boys), aged between six and 11 years (mean 8.73 ± 1.53) from a...

Excessive adolescent sedentary behaviors (SBs) may affect cognitive-academic achievements; however, findings vary according to the SB evaluated and their mental requirements. This study aimed to understand the multi- variate association between different SBs and diverse cognitive-academic achievements as a primary analysis. As a secondary one, we d...

Background Evidence supports the beneficial linear influence of diverse lifestyle behaviors on brain health since childhood; however, multiple behaviors -and not only one-simultaneously affect such outcomes. Therefore, the aim was to explore the multivariate relationship through a network analysis among mental difficulty and cognitive function with...

Background Evidence on all-cause mortality attributable to joint sitting time and physical inactivity is lacking. In this study, we estimated the proportion and number of deaths attributable to sitting time and physical inactivity in Chilean adults. Methods A sample of 5834 adults aged 20–96 years from a 2016–2017 Chilean National Health Survey wa...

Atherosclerosis, chronic non-communicable diseases, and metabolic syndrome are highly interconnected and collectively contribute to global health concerns that reduce life expectancy and quality of life. These conditions arise from multiple risk factors, including inflammation, insulin resistance, impaired blood lipid profile, endothelial dysfuncti...

Background Previous studies have quantified the current burden of diseases attributable to overweight in Chile. However, no study has estimated the attributable burden of overweight in the future. Herein, we estimated the potential impact of different trajectories in the prevalence of overweight on the incidence and mortality from non-communicable...

Background Improving health of children and adolescents is crucial for their overall development. Therefore, it is essential to explore factors that may influence their health at both the public health and school system levels. Objective This study compares physical fitness components and waist-height-to-ratio (WHtR) in adolescents according to sc...

Background People with disabilities usually face barriers to regularly engaging in physical activities. Estimating physical activity patterns are necessary to elaborate policies and strategies to facilitate active lifestyles, considering the particular access difficulties experienced by this population. Purpose This study aimed (i) to describe the...

The current study evaluated longitudinal associations between profile transitions of context-specific sedentary behaviour (SB) and changes in academic performance (AP) among school-aged youth. Participants were 466 children and 717 adolescents (50.8% males) aged 8-18 years (children = 7.92 ± 0.41 years; adolescents = 11.85 ± 1.53 years). Non-school...

Objectives: To examine the theoretical substitutions of screen exposure, non-screen sitting time, moderate and vigorous physical activity with depressive and anxiety symptoms in South American adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design: A cross-sectional study during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic with data from 1981 adults from Chil...

School coexistence is a fundamental aspect for good academic performance. The objective of the study was to identify school coexistence indices, and to analyze differences in academic performance according to these indices in students from public schools in the province of Biobío, Chile. This cross-sectional study involved 730 children (53.8% boys;...

Background: lifestyle and cardiometabolic risk factors information is scarce regarding youth and adults of Latin-American ethnics. Objective: the primary aim was to describe the lifestyle and cardiometabolic risk factors for arterial hypertension (HTN) and diabetes in ethnic Latin-American groups (Mapuche and Aymara) and other non-ethnics > 15 y...

Recent systematic reviews point out the positive acute effects of physical activity on executive functions in children and adolescents, but the chronic effects in this age group are still uncertain. This study aims to describe a systematic review with meta-analysis protocol to elucidate the chronic effects of physical activity at school on the exec...

Background Excess adipose tissue negatively influences bone health during childhood, affecting future bone fragility diseases such as osteoporosis. However, little is known about how adolescent appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (ASMI) may mediate the relation between fatness and bone mineral content (BMC). Methods The sample comprised 1,296...

This study examines the associations between perceived urban environment attributes and obesity indices by country using data from an eight-nation study from Latin America. The data were collected from 8185 adults. The Neighbourhood Environment Walkability-abbreviated scale was used to assess perceived urban environment attributes. Obesity indices...

Physical fitness is considered a protective factor for children’s general health and has been related to enhanced cognitive functioning. However, it appears that cognition could be affected in children with overweight or obesity. The present study aimed to determine the relationship between physical fitness components and fluid intelligence in norm...

Aim Despite some advances, there are many controversies concerning brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its relationships with variables related to physical fitness and sedentary time, especially in children. The aim of the study was to explore the moderating role of sedentary time on the association between physical fitness and BDNF. There...

Objective This study aims to determine the mediating role of physical fitness in the relationship between fatness indicators and academic achievement, exploring the influence of school vulnerability. Methods A total of 1,296 Chilean adolescents (aged 10 to 14 years; 50% girls) participated in this study. The global fitness score (GFS) was obtained...

Background Overweight and obesity in adolescence is a clear example of a complex system challenging, as it is a human development stage that obesity is associated with metabolic, neurodevelopmental, psychological, social, and behavioral changes, which makes treatment for this comorbidity difficult. Objective: analyze the relationships between socio...

Objective The aim of this study was to compare academic achievement, cognitive performance, playtime, bullying, and discrimination in adolescents according to traditional uniforms (TUs) and sports uniforms (SUs) worn at school, while simultaneously exploring the influence of the school vulnerability index. Methods A total of 988 Chilean adolescent...

Abstract Aim: to verify the effect of a physical education program at school on physical fitness and mental health in children and to determine the individual prevalence of responders. Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study, developed with 67 children aged between 6 and 11 years old. (8.09 ± 1.81). A 21-week intervention was performed, that in...

Behavioral, biological, and social correlates may be related to the association between executive function (EF) and physical activity (PA), when considering such variables as an integrated and non- linear system. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between EF, PA and associated correlates in low-income preschoole...

This study aimed to compare compliance with 24-h movement guidelines across countries and examine the associations with markers of adiposity in adults from eight Latin American countries. The sample consisted of 2338 adults aged 18-65 years. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) data were objectively measured usi...

Background The purpose of this protocol is to provide a new systematic review with meta-analysis using the current methodology to compare the effectiveness of multicomponent treatment versus other interventions for patients with fibromyalgia. Methods This protocol conforms to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Pr...

Health-related behaviours have been related to brain structural features; however, most literature in this domain comes from developed countries. In developing settings, such as Latin America, high social inequality is associated inversely with several health-related behaviours affecting brain development. Understanding the relationship between hea...

Strategies to reduce the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have caused different behavioural modifications in all populations. Therefore, this study aimed to determine changes in active commuting, moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), physical fitness, and sedentary time during the COVID-19 pandemic in Chilean parents. Eighty-s...

Background 24-hour movement behaviors, including moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sedentary time (ST), and sleep duration, have important implications for health across the lifespan. However, no studies exist that have examined the integration of these 24-hour movement behaviors in Latin America. The purpose of this study was to exami...

Background Children have a higher chance of decreasing health-related physical fitness during periods of school lockdown due to pandemic situations such as with COVID-19 disease. Aims To establish the changes in children’s self-perceived physical fitness (SPPF) during pandemic COVID-19 social distancing in a school lockdown and to describe the ind...

To examine the prevalence and co-occurrence of lifestyle risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) according to sociodemographic characteristics in Chilean residents. A cross-sectional study based on data from 5995 adults from the Chilean National Health Survey. The lifestyle risk factors included were physical inactivity, tobacco consumpti...

The first aim was to compare differences between school vulnerability groups, fitness levels, and their combination in adolescent cognitive performance. The second aim was to determine the mediation role of fitness in the association between school vulnerability and cognitive performance. A total of 912 Chilean adolescents aged 10–14 years particip...

Background : Physical fitness and fatness converge simultaneously modulating cognitive skills, which in turn, are associated with children and adolescents’ socioeconomic background. However, both fitness components and fat mass localization are crucial for understanding its implication at the cognitive level. Objective : This study aimed to determi...

Background: There is limited evidence about emotional and behavioral responses in toddlers and preschoolers during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, particularly in Latin America. Objective: To assess associations between changes in movement behaviors (physical activity, screen time and sleeping) and emotional changes in toddlers and presc...

Background Active transportation is a crucial sort of physical activity for developing sustainable environments and provides essential health benefits. This is particularly important in Latin American countries because they present the highest burden of non-communicable diseases relative to other worldwide regions. This study aimed to examine the p...

Este libro expone las evidencias científicas actuales sobre el papel de la actividad física, el ejercicio y el deporte en la promoción y mantención de la salud, así como el tratamiento, control y rehabilitación de algunas enfermedades crónicas en la infancia y la adolescencia. El texto está organizado en 27 capítulos que abordan los siguientes tema...

Background: The beneficial relationship between physical fitness and cognitive performance is affected and modulated by a wide diversity of factors that seem to be more sensitive during the development stage, particularly during early adolescence. This study aimed to examine the role of physical fitness considering the multivariate association bet...

Background The increased incidence of cardiometabolic risk factors has become a public health issue, especially in childhood and adolescence. Thus, early identification is essential to avoid or reduce future complications in adulthood. In this sense, the present study aimed to verify the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) as a moderator i...